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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Ruga S, Conforti F, Marrelli M, Argentieri MP, Musella V, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Efficacy Evaluation of Calamintha nepeta, Calamintha sylvatica, Lavandula austroapennina and Mentha piperita Essential Oils for the Control of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera) Varroosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 38200800 PMCID: PMC10778109 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is currently considered the parasite that causes the greatest damage and economic losses to honeybee farms. Its presence is often associated with that of viral and bacterial pathogens, which ultimately leads to colony collapse. Careful control of the parasitic load is therefore necessary to avoid the onset of these events. Although chemical treatments are often in easily and quickly administered formulations, in recent years, there have been increasingly frequent reports of the onset of drug resistance phenomena, which must lead to reconsidering their use. Furthermore, chemical compounds can easily accumulate in the food matrices of the hive, with possible risks for the final consumer. In such a condition, it is imperative to find alternative treatment solutions. Essential oils (EOs) prove to be promising candidates due to their good efficacy and good environmental biodegradability. In this study, the acaricidal efficacy of the EOs of Calamintha sylvatica Bromf., Calamintha nepeta Savi, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal. Tundis & Upson and Mentha piperita L., extracted from botanical species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, was evaluated. The test chosen for the evaluation was residual toxicity by contact. The examined EOs were diluted in Acetone to a concentration of 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL. At the highest concentration, the EOs demonstrated an acaricidal activity equal to 52% for C. nepeta, 60% for C. sylvatica, 80% for L. austroapennina and 68% for M. piperita. Of the EOs tested, therefore, Lavender proves to be a good candidate for subsequent evaluations in semi-field and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Chianese A, Gravina C, Morone MV, Ambrosino A, Formato M, Palma F, Foglia F, Nastri BM, Zannella C, Esposito A, De Filippis A, Piccolella S, Galdiero M, Pacifico S. Lavandula austroapennina: Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Lipophilic Extracts from Its Organs. Viruses 2023; 15:1648. [PMID: 37631991 PMCID: PMC10457779 DOI: 10.3390/v15081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In a framework aimed at the recovery and enhancement of medicinal plants endemic to the territory of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal., Tundis and Upson has aroused interest. An insight into the chemical composition of the corolla, calyx, leaf, stem, and root organs was carried out following ultrasound-assisted maceration in n-hexane. The obtained lipophilic extracts were explored using ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS). The extracts from the different organs varied in their relative content of fatty acids, ursanes, and oleanane-type triterpenes. In particular, the oleanolic acid content appeared to increase in the order of corolla < leaf < stem. An MTT assay was performed to verify the possible cytotoxicity of the organ extracts of L. austroapennina at a concentration ranging from 12.5 to 400 µg/mL on the Vero CCL-81 cell line. Antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), alpha human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) was evaluated via a plaque reduction assay in the same cellular model. All the extracts did not show cytotoxic effects after 2 and 24 h exposure times, and the antiviral efficacy was particularly important for the stem extract, capable of completely inhibiting the tested viruses at low doses. The antiviral activity in a non-enveloped virus PV-1 allowed the assertion that the extracts from the organs of L. austroapennina, and especially the stem extract, interfered directly with the viral envelope. This study underlines how much knowledge of a territory's medicinal plant heritage is a harbinger of promising discoveries in the health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Claudia Gravina
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Morone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Foglia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Bianca Maria Nastri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.M.); (A.A.); (F.P.); (F.F.); (B.M.N.); (C.Z.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.G.); (M.F.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
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Gravina C, Formato M, Piccolella S, Fiorentino M, Stinca A, Pacifico S, Esposito A. Lavandula austroapennina (Lamiaceae): Getting Insights into Bioactive Polyphenols of a Rare Italian Endemic Vascular Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098038. [PMID: 37175744 PMCID: PMC10178519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal., Tundis and Upon has recently been described as a new species endemic to the southern Apennines (Italy). Locally, this species has a long ethnobotanical tradition of use for curative and decoration purposes and has been the protagonist of a flourishing essential oil production chain. Currently, while this tradition has long since ended, attention to the species is necessary, with a view to enhancing marginal and rural areas, as a recovery of a precious resource to (i) get insights into its (poly)phenolic fraction and (ii) address new and innovative uses of all its organs in various application fields (e.g., cosmeceutical sector). Therefore, after field sampling and dissection of its organs (i.e., corolla, calyx, leaf, stem and root), the latter, previously deterpenated and defatted, were subjected to accelerated ultrasound extraction and the related alcoholic extracts were obtained. Chemical composition, explored by UHPLC-QqTOF-MS/MS, and the following multivariate data analysis showed that the hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives are abundant in the leaf, stem and root, while flavonoids are more present in corolla and calyx. In particular, coumaroyl flavonoids with glyconic portion containing also hexuronyl moieties differentiated corolla organ, while yunnaneic acid D isomers and esculin distinguished root. When antiradical and reducing properties were evaluated (by means of ABTS, DPPH and PFRAP tests), a similar clustering of organs was achieved and the marked antioxidant efficacy of leaf, stem and root extracts was found. Thus, following cytotoxicity screening by MTT test on HaCaT keratinocytes, the protective effects of the organ extracts were assessed by wound closure observed after the scratch test. In addition, the extracts from corolla, leaf and stem were particularly active at low doses inducing rapid wound closure on HaCaT cells at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. The diversity in (poly)phenols of each organ and the promising bioactivity preliminarily assessed suggest further investigation to be carried out to fully recover and valorize this precious endemic vascular plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gravina
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marika Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Adriano Stinca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Despinasse Y, Moja S, Soler C, Jullien F, Pasquier B, Bessière JM, Noûs C, Baudino S, Nicolè F. Structure of the Chemical and Genetic Diversity of the True Lavender over Its Natural Range. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1640. [PMID: 33255497 PMCID: PMC7760402 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The true lavender Lavandula angustifolia Miller is a Mediterranean aromatic shrub widely cultivated for its high quality essential oil used in perfumery and phytotherapy. Despite its economic importance, the intra-specific diversity among wild, non-cultivated plants remains poorly understood. We analyzed the structure of the chemical and genetic diversity of plants from 14 sites sampled over the entire native range of the true lavender. Volatile organic compounds of inflorescences were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Genotyping was performed with fingerprinting genetic markers. To limit the influence of environmental variability on chemical composition, plants were grown in the same conditions in a common garden. Without prior knowledge, discriminant analysis of principal component identified unambiguously four distinct chemotypes among three genetic populations. Co-inertia analysis and supervised analysis which integrated multiple datasets indicated a strong congruency between chemical and genetic patterns. Two distinct genetic units were located at the edge of the distribution area in the south of Italy and in the northeast of Spain, and were associated with two distinct chemotypes. Our results confirmed the existence of three genetically distinct entities, suggesting speciation. All French populations and the Italian Piedmontese population were genetically homogeneous but separated in two distinct chemotypes. The dominant chemotype was present in the center of the native range in southeastern France and was at the origin of the current most cultivated French varieties. Its main compounds were linalyl acetate, linalool, and caryophyllene oxide. The second French chemotype was found in south of Massif Central and presented high abundance of valuable linalyl and lavandulyl acetates. Linalool, eucalyptol, β-caryophyllene, borneol, camphor, and cis-sabinene-hydrate were significantly associated with southern latitudes and their role would be worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Despinasse
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandrine Moja
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Catherine Soler
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Frédéric Jullien
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Bernard Pasquier
- Conservatoire National des Plantes Médicinales Aromatiques et Industrielles, Route de Nemours, 91490 Milly La Forêt, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Bessière
- Ecole d’Enseignement Supérieur en Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l’École Normale, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Camille Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus, 1 ¾ rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Sylvie Baudino
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Florence Nicolè
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam FRE 3727, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (C.S.); (F.J.); (S.B.)
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