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Wu Z, Song Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Chen L, Zhan Y, Li T, Xie G, Wu H. Biological role of mitochondrial TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in central nervous system injury. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4056. [PMID: 38812104 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that central nervous system injury is often accompanied by the activation of Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway, which leads to the upregulation of proapoptotic gene expression, causes mitochondrial oxidative stress, and further aggravates the inflammatory response to induce cell apoptosis. Subsequent studies have shown that NF-κB and IκBα can directly act on mitochondria. Therefore, elucidation of the specific mechanisms of NF-κB and IκBα in mitochondria may help to discover new therapeutic targets for central nervous system injury. Recent studies have suggested that NF-κB (especially RelA) in mitochondria can inhibit mitochondrial respiration or DNA expression, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. IκBα silencing will cause reactive oxygen species storm and initiate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Other research results suggest that RelA can regulate mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism balance by interacting with p53 and STAT3, thus initiating the mitochondrial protection mechanism. IκBα can also inhibit apoptosis in mitochondria by interacting with VDAC1 and other molecules. Regulating the biological role of NF-κB signaling pathway in mitochondria by targeting key proteins such as p53, STAT3, and VDAC1 may help maintain the balance of mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism, thereby protecting nerve cells and reducing inflammatory storms and death caused by ischemia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuochao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic, Cixi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyun Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guomin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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2
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging? Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16094. [PMID: 38924381 PMCID: PMC11200104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-a classical blood pressure regulator-largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age-related changes and age-associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS-blockade in several mammalian species. RAS-blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS-blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF-1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D-receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS-blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS-blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF-ß, NF-kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS-blockade-aging regulatory pathway-mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS-blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)-even at subclinical doses-offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well-tolerated anti-hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- Master of Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate DepartmentAustral UniversityPilarArgentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
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3
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Aleksandrova Y, Neganova M. Deciphering the Mysterious Relationship between the Cross-Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative and Oncological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14766. [PMID: 37834214 PMCID: PMC10573395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders is extremely complex and is a topic of concern among a growing number of researchers around the world. In recent years, convincing scientific evidence has accumulated that indicates the contribution of a number of etiological factors and pathophysiological processes to the pathogenesis of these two fundamentally different diseases, thus demonstrating an intriguing relationship between oncology and neurodegeneration. In this review, we establish the general links between three intersecting aspects of oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., oxidative stress, epigenetic dysregulation, and metabolic dysfunction, examining each process in detail to establish an unusual epidemiological relationship. We also focus on reviewing the current trends in the research and the clinical application of the most promising chemical structures and therapeutic platforms that have a modulating effect on the above processes. Thus, our comprehensive analysis of the set of molecular determinants that have obvious cross-functional pathways in the pathogenesis of oncological and neurodegenerative diseases can help in the creation of advanced diagnostic tools and in the development of innovative pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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4
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Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Freschi M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010094. [PMID: 36670956 PMCID: PMC9854890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive loss in selected areas of the nervous system, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to an aging population. Despite their diverse clinical manifestations, neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial disorders with standard features and mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. As there are no effective treatments to counteract neurodegenerative diseases, increasing interest has been directed to the potential neuroprotective activities of plant-derived compounds found abundantly in food and in agrifood by-products. Food waste has an extremely negative impact on the environment, and recycling is needed to promote their disposal and overcome this problem. Many studies have been carried out to develop green and effective strategies to extract bioactive compounds from food by-products, such as peel, leaves, seeds, bran, kernel, pomace, and oil cake, and to investigate their biological activity. In this review, we focused on the potential neuroprotective activity of agrifood wastes obtained by common products widely produced and consumed in Italy, such as grapes, coffee, tomatoes, olives, chestnuts, onions, apples, and pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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Proteinopathies: Deciphering Physiology and Mechanisms to Develop Effective Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7513-7540. [PMID: 36205914 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a cluster of diseases marked by progressive neuronal loss, axonal transport blockage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aggregation of misfolded proteins. NDs are more prevalent beyond the age of 50, and their symptoms often include motor and cognitive impairment. Even though various proteins are involved in different NDs, the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation are very similar. Recently, several studies have discovered that, like prions, these misfolded proteins have the inherent capability of translocation from one neuron to another, thus having far-reaching implications for understanding the processes involved in the onset and progression of NDs, as well as the development of innovative therapy and diagnostic options. These misfolded proteins can also influence the transcription of other proteins and form aggregates, tangles, plaques, and inclusion bodies, which then accumulate in the CNS, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review demonstrates protein misfolding and aggregation in NDs, and similarities and differences between different protein aggregates have been discussed. Furthermore, we have also reviewed the disposal of protein aggregates, the various molecular machinery involved in the process, their regulation, and how these molecular mechanisms are targeted to build innovative therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. In addition, the landscape of various therapeutic interventions for targeting protein aggregation for the effective prevention or treatment of NDs has also been discussed.
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6
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Shi C, Guo H, Liu X. Platelet Mitochondria Transplantation Rescues Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death Involving the FUNDC2/PIP3/Akt/FOXO3a Axis. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211024210. [PMID: 34105393 PMCID: PMC8193664 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211024210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation emerges as a novel therapeutic solution for ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in various tissues. Platelets have recently been used in mitochondrial transplantation as readily-available donors of small-size platelet mitochondria (plt-mito). Interestingly, FUN14 Domain Containing 2 (FUNDC2), a protein highly-expressed in the outer membrane (OMM) of plt-mito, has been identified to maintain platelet survival under hypoxic condition. The current study determined whether and how FUNDC2 contributed to the therapeutic effect of plt-mito transplantation for hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury. The results showed that incorporation of human plt-mito into SH-SY5Y cells rescued HR-induced mitochondrial malfunction and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mechanistically, plt-mito transplantation led to an increased expression of FUNDC2 in the recipient cells. This protein induced mitochondrial translocation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) via its N-term, resulting in the stimulation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway, which inhibited HR-induced mitochondrial accumulation of a mitochondrial target of FOXO3a, Bim, also known as a pro-apoptotic protein. Therefore, the FUNDC2/PIP3/Akt/FOXO3a axis may facilitate the incorporated plt-mito to restore mitochondrial function and cell viability of the recipient cells, and platelets may serve as readily-available sources of donor mitochondria that afford therapeutic benefits against IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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7
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Adlimoghaddam A, Odero GG, Glazner G, Turner RS, Albensi BC. Nilotinib Improves Bioenergetic Profiling in Brain Astroglia in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:441-465. [PMID: 33815876 PMCID: PMC7990369 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have minimal efficacy, which results in a huge unmet medical need worldwide. Accumulating data suggest that brain mitochondrial dysfunction play a critical role in AD pathogenesis. Targeting cellular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD create a novel approach for drug development. This study investigated the effects of nilotinib, as a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in astroglia derived from 3xTg-AD mice versus their C57BL/6-controls. Parameters included oxygen consumption rates (OCR), ATP, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), citrate synthase (CS) activity, alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin (Mfn1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)), and mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)). Nilotinib increased OCR, ATP, COX, Mfn1, and OXPHOS levels in 3xTg astroglia. No significant differences were detected in levels of Drp1 protein and CS activity. Nilotinib enhanced mitochondrial numbers, potentially through a CaMKII-PGC1α-Nrf2 pathway in 3xTg astroglia. Additionally, nilotinib-induced OCR increases were reduced in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082. The data suggest that NF-κB signaling is intimately involved in nilotinib-induced changes in bioenergetics in 3xTg brain astroglia. Nilotinib increased translocation of the NF-κB p50 subunit into the nucleus of 3xTg astroglia that correlates with an increased expression and activation of NF-κB. The current findings support a role for nilotinib in improving mitochondrial function and suggest that astroglia may be a key therapeutic target in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Adlimoghaddam
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary G Odero
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gordon Glazner
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Scott Turner
- 3Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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8
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The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion 2020; 57:63-75. [PMID: 33378713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is very toxic to the brain, leading to inflammation, disruption of brain cellular energy metabolism and cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for these impairments is still not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of ammonia in hippocampal astroglia derived from C57BL/6 mice. Parameters measured included oxygen consumption rates (OCR), ATP, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits, key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), early growth response (Egr) factor family of proteins, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Ammonia was found to decrease mitochondrial numbers, potentially through a CaMKII-CREB-PGC1α-Nrf2 pathway in astroglia. Ammonia did not alter the levels of Egrs and TFAM in astroglia. Ammonia decreased OCR, ATP, COX, and OXPHOS levels in astroglia. To assess whether energy metabolism is reduced by ammonia through NF-κB associated pathways, astroglia were treated with ammonia alone or with NF-κB inhibitors such as Bay11-7082 or SN50. Mitochondrial OCR levels were reduced in the presence of NF-κB inhibitors; however co-treatment of NF-κB inhibitors and ammonia reversed mitochondrial deficits. Further, ammonia increased translocation of the NF-κB p65 into the nucleus of astroglia that correlates with an increased activity of NF-κB. These findings suggest that the NF-κB signaling pathway is putatively involved in ammonia-induced changes in bioenergetics in astroglia. Such research has critical implications for the treatment of disorders in which brain bioenergetics is compromised.
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9
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Albensi BC. What Is Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Doing in and to the Mitochondrion? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 31448275 PMCID: PMC6692429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature supports the idea that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling contributes to not only immunity, but also inflammation, cancer, and nervous system function. However, studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function are much more limited and scattered throughout the literature. For example, in 2001 it was first published that NF-κB subunits were found in the mitochondria, including not only IkBα and NF-κB p65 subunits, but also NF-κB pathway proteins such as IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ, but not much follow-up work has been done to date. Upon further thought the lack of studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function is surprising given the importance and the evolutionary history of both NF-κB and the mitochondrion. Both are ancient in their appearance in our biological record where both contribute substantially to cell survival, cell death, and the regulation of function and/or disease. Studies also show NF-κB can influence mitochondrial function from outside the mitochondria. Therefore, it is essential to understand the complexity of these roles both inside and out of this organelle. In this review, an attempt is made to understand how NF-κB activity contributes to overall mitochondrial function – both inside and out. The discussion at times is speculative and perhaps even provocative to some, since NF-κB does not yet have defined mitochondrial targeting sequences for some nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and mechanisms of mitochondrial import for NF-κB are not yet entirely understood. Also, the data associated with the mitochondrial localization of proteins must be yet further proved with additional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Classic Prescription, Kai-Xin-San, Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease as an Effective Multitarget Treatment: From Neurotransmitter to Protein Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9096409. [PMID: 31354916 PMCID: PMC6636599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9096409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease caused by complicated disease-causing factors. Unsatisfactorily, curative effects of approved anti-AD drugs were not good enough due to their actions on single-target, which led to desperate requirements for more effective drug therapies involved in multiple pathomechanisms of AD. The anti-AD effect with multiple action targets of Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a classic prescription initially recorded in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang and applied in the treatment of dementia for thousands of years, was deciphered with modern biological methods in our study. Aβ25-35 and D-gal-induced AD rats and Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells were applied to establish AD models. KXS could significantly improve cognition impairment by decreasing neurotransmitter loss and enhancing the expression of PI3K/Akt. For the first time, KXS was confirmed to improve the expression of PI3K/Akt by neurotransmitter 5-HT. Thereinto, PI3K/Akt could further inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation as well as the apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Moreover, all above-mentioned effects were verified and blocked by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells, suggesting the precise regulative role of KXS in the PI3K/Akt pathway. The utilization and mechanism elaboration of KXS have been proposed and dissected in the combination of animal, molecular, and protein strategies. Our results demonstrated that KXS could ameliorate AD by regulating neurotransmitter and PI3K/Akt signal pathway as an effective multitarget treatment so that the potential value of this classic prescription could be explored from a novel perspective.
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Bjune JI, Haugen C, Gudbrandsen O, Nordbø OP, Nielsen HJ, Våge V, Njølstad PR, Sagen JV, Dankel SN, Mellgren G. IRX5 regulates adipocyte amyloid precursor protein and mitochondrial respiration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:2151-2162. [PMID: 30538277 PMCID: PMC6451637 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective A causal obesity risk variant in the FTO locus was recently shown to inhibit adipocyte thermogenesis via increased adipose expression of the homeobox transcription factors IRX3 and IRX5. However, causal effects of IRX5 on fat storage remain to be shown in vivo, and discovery of downstream mediators may open new therapeutic avenues. Methods 17 WT and 13 Irx5 knockout (KO) mice were fed low-fat control (Ctr) or high-fat (HF) diet for 10 weeks. Body weight, energy intake and fat mass were measured. Irx5-dependent gene expression was explored by transcriptome analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), confirmatory obesity-dependent expression in human adipocytes in vivo, and in vitro knock-down, overexpression and transcriptional activation assays. Results Irx5 knock-out mice weighed less, had diminished fat mass, and were protected from diet-induced fat accumulation. Key adipose mitochondrial genes Pparγ coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) were upregulated, and a gene network centered on amyloid precursor protein (App) was downregulated in adipose tissue of knock-out mice and in isolated mouse adipocytes with stable Irx5 knock-down. An APP-centered network was also enriched in isolated adipocytes from obese compared to lean humans. IRX5 overexpression increased APP promoter activity and both IRX5 and APP inhibited transactivation of PGC-1α and UCP1. Knock-down of Irx5 or App increased mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes. Conclusion Irx5-KO mice were protected from obesity and this can partially be attributed to reduced adipose App and improved mitochondrial respiration. This novel Irx5-App pathway in adipose tissue is a possible therapeutic entry point against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Inge Bjune
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Haugen
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddrun Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole P Nordbø
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans J Nielsen
- Department of Surgery, Voss Hospital, 5704, Voss, Norway
| | - Villy Våge
- Department of Surgery, Voss Hospital, 5704, Voss, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Suppression of MIF-induced neuronal apoptosis may underlie the therapeutic effects of effective components of Fufang Danshen in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1421-1438. [PMID: 29770796 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fufang Danshen (FFDS or Compound Danshen) consists of three Chinese herbs Danshen (Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome), Sanqi (Notoginseng radix et rhizome) and Tianranbingpian (Borneolum, or D-borneol), which has been show to significantly improve the function of the nervous system and brain metabolism. In this study we explored the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the combination of the effective components of FFDS (Tan IIA, NG-R1 and Borneol) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on network pharmacology. We firstly constructed AD-related FFDS component protein interaction networks, and revealed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) might regulate neuronal apoptosis through Bad in the progression of AD. Then we investigated the apoptosis-inducing effects of MIF and the impact of the effective components of FFDS in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We observed the characteristics of a "Pendular state" of MIF, where MIF (8 ng/mL) increased the ratio of p-Bad/Bad by activating Akt and the IKKα/β signaling pathway to assure cell survival, whereas MIF (50 ng/mL) up-regulated the expression of Bad to trigger apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. MIF displayed neurotoxicity similar to Aβ1-42, which was associated with the MIF-induced increased expression of Bad. Application of the FFDS composite solution significantly decreased the expression levels of Bad, suppressed MIF-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In a D-galactose- and AlCl3-induced AD mouse model, administration of the FFDS composite solution significantly improved the learning and memory, as well as neuronal morphology, and decreased the serum levels of INF-γ. Therefore, the FFDS composite solution exerts neuroprotective effects through down-regulating the level of Bad stimulated by MIF.
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Jin YY, Singh P, Chung HJ, Hong ST. Blood Ammonia as a Possible Etiological Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E564. [PMID: 29734664 PMCID: PMC5986444 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline and devastating neurodegeneration, is the most common age-related dementia. Since AD is a typical example of a complex disease that is affected by various genetic and environmental factors, various factors could be involved in preventing and/or treating AD. Extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of tau undeniably play essential roles in the etiology of AD. However, interestingly enough, medications targeting Aβ or tau all failed and the only clinically efficient medications for AD are drugs targeting the cholinergic pathway. Also, a very intriguing discovery in AD is that the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), containing an unusually large quantity of Lactobacilli, is very effective in preventing AD. Based on recently emerging findings, it is our opinion that the reduction of blood ammonia levels by Lactobacilli in MeDi is the therapeutic agent of MeDi for AD. The recent evidence of Lactobacilli lowering blood ammonia level not only provides a link between AD and MeDi but also provides a foundation of pharmabiotics for hyperammonemia as well as various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Parul Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Seong-Tschool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
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Djordjevic J, Thomson E, Chowdhury SR, Snow WM, Perez C, Wong TP, Fernyhough P, Albensi BC. Brain region- and sex-specific alterations in mitochondrial function and NF-κB signaling in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:81-92. [PMID: 28802916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late onset neurodegenerative disorder with indications that women are disproportionately affected. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been one of the most discussed hypotheses associated with the early onset and progression of AD, and it has been attributed to intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). It was suggested that one of the possible mediators for Aβ-impaired mitochondrial function is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. NF-κB plays important roles in brain inflammation and antioxidant defense, as well as in the regulation of mitochondrial function, and studies have confirmed altered NF-κB signaling in AD brain. In this study, we looked for sex-based differences in impaired bioenergetic processes and NF-κB signaling in the AD-like brain using transgenic (Tg) CRND8 mice that express excessive brain Aβ, but without tau pathology. Our results show that mitochondrial dysfunction is not uniform in affected brain regions. We observed increased basal and coupled respiration in the hippocampus of TgCRND8 females only, along with a decreased Complex II-dependent respiratory activity. Cortical mitochondria from TgCRND8 mice have reduced uncoupled respiration capacity, regardless of sex. The pattern of changes in NF-κB signaling was the same in both brain structures, but was sex specific. Whereas in females there was an increase in all three subunits of NF-κB, in males we observed increase in p65 and p105, but no changes in p50 levels. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial function and inflammatory signaling in the AD-like brain is region- and sex-specific, which is an important consideration for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claudia Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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15
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Yu X, Zhao L, Yu Z, Yu C, Bi J, Sun B, Cong H. Sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis through nuclear factor-κB in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1531-1537. [PMID: 28810618 PMCID: PMC5526152 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a specific inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, sivelestat sodium hydrate has primarily been used in the treatment of acute lung injury caused by various factors since its approval in 2002. Sivelestat sodium hydrate also improves post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA), although its underlying mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to determine if sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic KOA through nuclear factor (NF)-κB in a rat model. Treatment with sivelestat sodium hydrate significantly inhibited the induction of structural changes and significantly increased the vertical episode count and ipsilateral static weight bearing of the joint in KOA rats (all P<0.01). Sivelestat sodium hydrate significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, serum nitrite levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in KOA rats compared with the model group (all P<0.01). Sivelestat sodium hydrate also significantly suppressed p50/p65 DNA binding activity and NF-κB and phosphorylated inhibitor of κB protein expression in the joints of KOA rats compared with the model group (all P<0.01). These results suggest that sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic KOA through HMGB1 and NF-κB in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Operating Theatre, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Bi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Binglong Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Cong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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Diling C, Tianqiao Y, Jian Y, Chaoqun Z, Ou S, Yizhen X. Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of a Potential β-Secretase Inhibitor of 3-Hydroxyhericenone F from Hericium erinaceus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:219. [PMID: 28553224 PMCID: PMC5427148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting approximately more than 5% of the population worldwide over the age 65, annually. The incidence of AD is expected to be higher in the next 10 years. AD patients experience poor prognosis and as a consequence new drugs and therapeutic strategies are required in order to improve the clinical responses and outcomes of AD. The purpose of the present study was to screen a certain number of potential compounds from herbal sources and investigate their corresponding mode of action. In the present study, the learning and memory effects of ethanol:water (8:2) extracts from Hericium erinaceus were evaluated on a dementia rat model. The model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/d D-galactose in rats. The results indicated that the extracts can significantly ameliorate the learning and memory abilities. Specific active ingredients were screened in vivo assays and the results were combined with molecular docking studies. Potential receptor–ligand interactions on the BACE1-inhibitor namely, 3-Hydroxyhericenone F (3HF) were investigated. The isolation of a limited amount of 3HF from the fruit body of H. erinaceus by chemical separation was conducted, and the mode of action of this compound was verified in NaN3-induced PC12 cells. The cell-based assays demonstrated that 3HF can significantly down-regulate the expression of BACE1 (p < 0.01), while additional AD intracellular markers namely, p-Tau and Aβ1-42 were further down-regulated (p < 0.05). The data further indicate that 3HF can ameliorate certain mitochondrial dysfunction conditions by the reversal of the decreasing level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, the calcium ion levels ([Ca2+]), the inhibiton in the production of ROS, the increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and the regulation of the expression levels of the genes encoding for the p21, COX I, COX II, PARP1, and NF-κB proteins. The observations suggest the use of H. erinaceus in traditional medicine for the treatment of various neurological diseases and render 3HF as a promising naturally occurring chemical constituent for the treatment of AD via the inhibition of the β-secretase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Diling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Yong Tianqiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chaoqun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China.,College of Chinese Material Medical, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
| | - Xie Yizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China
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17
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Arun S, Liu L, Donmez G. Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:143-54. [PMID: 26903445 PMCID: PMC4825945 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150703154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondria Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gizem Donmez
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave. Boston MA, 02111, USA.
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18
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Adlimoghaddam A, Sabbir MG, Albensi BC. Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:57. [PMID: 27551259 PMCID: PMC4976099 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is known to be a potent neurotoxin that causes severe negative effects on the central nervous system. Excessive ammonia levels have been detected in the brain of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Therefore, ammonia could be a factor contributing to the progression of AD. In this review, we provide an introduction to the toxicity of ammonia and putative ammonia transport proteins. We also hypothesize how ammonia may be linked to AD. Additionally, we discuss the evidence that support the hypothesis that ammonia is a key factor contributing to AD progression. Lastly, we summarize the old and new experimental evidence that focuses on energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammatory responses, excitatory glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission, and memory in support of our ammonia-related hypotheses of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mohammad G Sabbir
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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19
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Shi ZM, Han YW, Han XH, Zhang K, Chang YN, Hu ZM, Qi HX, Ting C, Zhen Z, Hong W. Upstream regulators and downstream effectors of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 366:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Mitochondrial FOXO3a is involved in amyloid β peptide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:189-96. [PMID: 26782277 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid β peptide (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise mechanism(s) of Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has not been fully understood. There is evidence that Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) is normally present in neuronal mitochondria. Using HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells and primary hippocampal neurons, the present study investigated whether mitochondrial FOXO3a was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Aβ. It was found that Aβ induced dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of FOXO3a. In addition, Aβ enhanced association of FOXO3a with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), causing a decrease in the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and the activity of COX. In addition, Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by the decrease in 3- (4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) conversion, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and COX activity, could be suppressed by knockdown of FOXO3a (FOXO3a-KD). These results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and open up new therapeutic perspectives for AD.
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Rajasekhar K, Chakrabarti M, Govindaraju T. Function and toxicity of amyloid beta and recent therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13434-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our Feature Article details the physiological role of amyloid beta (Aβ), elaborates its toxic effects and outlines therapeutic molecules designed in the last two years targeting different aspects of Aβ for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Malabika Chakrabarti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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22
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Gorska M, Kuban-Jankowska A, Zmijewski MA, Gorzynik M, Szkatula M, Wozniak M. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase induction in the antitumorigenic and neurotoxic effects of 2-methoxyestradiol. Molecules 2014; 19:13267-81. [PMID: 25170949 PMCID: PMC6270840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 2-Methoxyestradiol, one of the natural 17β-estradiol derivatives, is a novel, potent anticancer agent currently being evaluated in advanced phases of clinical trials. The main goal of the study was to investigate the anticancer activity of 2-methoxy-estradiol towards osteosarcoma cells and its possible neurodegenerative effects. We used an experimental model of neurotoxicity and anticancer activity of the physiological agent, 2-methoxyestradiol. Thus, we used highly metastatic osteosarcoma 143B and mouse immortalized hippocampal HT22 cell lines. The cells were treated with pharmacological (1 μM, 10 μM) concentrations of 2-methoxyestradiol. EXPERIMENTAL Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitrotyrosine protein levels were determined by western blotting. Cell viability and induction of cell death were measured by MTT and PI/Annexin V staining and a DNA fragmentation ELISA kit, respectively. Intracellular levels of nitric oxide were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that the signaling pathways of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer may overlap. We presented evidence that 2-methoxyestradiol, in contrast to 17β-estradiol, specifically affects neuronal nitric oxide synthase and augments 3-nitrotyrosine level leading to osteosarcoma and immortalized hippocampal cell death. CONCLUSIONS We report the dual facets of 2-methoxyestradiol, that causes cancer cell death, but on the other hand may play a key role as a neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; E-Mails: (A.K.-J.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-349-14-50; Fax: +48-349-14-56
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; E-Mails: (A.K.-J.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | | | - Monika Gorzynik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; E-Mails: (A.K.-J.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Michal Szkatula
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; E-Mails: (A.K.-J.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; E-Mails: (A.K.-J.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
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