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Charoenngam N, Jaroenlapnopparat A, Mettler SK, Grover A. Genetic Variations of the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Current Understanding and Existing Evidence. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020400. [PMID: 36830936 PMCID: PMC9953304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation have been considered beneficial in mitigating the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system that may influence inflammation associated with COVID-19. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk and the severity of COVID-19 infection. However, the impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 based on evidence from randomized clinical trials is unclear. Equally important is that certain variations of the genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway have been shown to affect immune function and linked with various clinical outcomes, including cardio-metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. This indicates inter-individual difference in body response to vitamin D. There is also emerging evidence that common polymorphisms of these genes may influence the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, although the confidence of these findings is limited by a small number of studies and participants. Further studies are needed to address the potential role of VDR activation and DBP in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 which take into account the genetic variations of vitamin D metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-492-3500
| | | | - Sofia K. Mettler
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ashna Grover
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Rai V. FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis: Evidence through a meta-analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104871. [PMID: 33901685 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of deaths worldwide. The deficiency of vitamin D was reported to be associated with the increased susceptibility of tuberculosis. Various previous reports were published to check the association of FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene with tuberculosis risk. But their results were inconsistent so, we performed a meta-analysis to know the exact relation of the two. METHODS Different databases were screened up to November 2020 with the keywords "Vitamin D receptor", "VDR", and "FokI", along with "Tuberculosis" and "TB" to find the suitable articles. All the statistical analyses were performed by the Open Meta-Analyst program and all p-values were two-tailed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS No statistically significant association was observed in the allele contrast model (ORfvs.F = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.99-1.24, p = 0.05, I2 = 73.46%), in the dominant model (ORff+Ffvs.FF = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.96-1.28, p = 0.14, I2 = 71.39%), and in the co-dominant model (ORFfvs.FF = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.92-1.21, p = 0.41, I2 = 65.97%). However, a significant association was found in the homozygote model (ORffvs.FF = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.03-1.69, p = 0.02, I2 = 67.02%) and in the recessive model (ORFF+Ff vs.ff = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.03-1.54, p = 0.02, I2 = 58.01%). Further analysis was performed on the bases of the ethnicity. In Asian population a significant association was found in the homozygote model (ORffvs.FF = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.12-2.21, p = 0.008, I2 = 70.37%) and in the recessive model (ORFF+Ff vs.ff = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.08-1.89, p = 0.01, I2 = 63.13%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a significant association of FokI with tuberculosis susceptibility was found in the overall analysis and in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India.
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Liu J, Wang W, Liu K, Wan D, Wu Z, Cao Z, Luo Y, Xiao C, Yin M. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and the clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1186-1190. [PMID: 32997398 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common genetic disease characterized by hyperproliferation and disordered maturation of keratinocytes. To date, many association studies between psoriasis and VDR gene have been conducted, but the results are controversial. Furthermore, vitamin D3 analogue has anti-psoriatic activity; however, the clinical response is variable. This study was conducted to explore whether VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients. A total of 110 patients and 183 controls were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms rs2228570, rs731236, rs1544410 and rs7975232 by LDR method. SNP-based and haplotype-based association analyses were subsequently performed. Patients with PASI < 3 were treated with calcipotriol ointment monotherapy. After 6 weeks of therapy, the correlations between efficacy and the genotypes of each polymorphism were evaluated. The results showed that for rs7975232, allele A was significantly over-represented in psoriasis patients relative to controls (39.09% vs. 27.05%, OR (95% CI) = 1.731 (1.213-2.471)), and compared with the reference CC genotype, the following ORs were observed: AA genotype OR = 2.404 (95% CI: 1.085-5.328; P = .034) and GA genotype OR = 2.143 (95% CI: 1.283-3.579; P = .005). Haplotype analyses showed that the rs2228570/rs731236/rs1544410/rs7975232 CTGA was significantly over-represented in psoriasis patients compared with controls (OR (95% CI)=1.907 (1.132-3.214); P = .020). Among the patients with PASI < 3, the response rates to calcipotriol were significantly higher in patients with rs7975232 CC genotypes than in those with other genotypes (x2 = 9.172, P = .010). These data suggest that VDR polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis susceptibility and clinical response to calcipotriol in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Duoyan Wan
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhirui Cao
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuanliu Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Health Examination Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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To D or not to D: vitamin D in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:2060-2070. [PMID: 32335583 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone health, immune tolerance, and immune modulation. Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, which may increase risks of bone loss and fracture, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and relapse, and can delay hematologic and immune recovery following HCT. Growing evidence indicates that vitamin D may have a role as an immunomodulator, and supplementation during HCT may decrease the risk of GVHD, infection, relapse, and mortality. In this paper, we review the role of vitamin D and its association with HCT outcomes and discuss prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency after HCT in adult recipients. We review the role of monitoring of vitamin D levels pre- and post-HCT and its supplementation in appropriate patients. We also review the use of bone densitometry prior to HCT and in long-term follow-up and the treatment of osteoporosis in this high-risk population.
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Xu X, Shen M. Associations between vitamin D receptor genetic variants and tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Innate Immun 2019; 25:305-313. [PMID: 30987490 PMCID: PMC6830906 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919842643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate potential associations between
vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants and
tuberculosis (TB). Systematic literature research was conducted in
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. We calculated odds ratios (ORs)
and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate strength of
associations in all possible genetic models, and P
values ≤ 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. In
total, 42 studies were enrolled for analyses. Pooled overall analyses
suggested that VDR rs1544410 (dominant model:
P = 0.02; allele model:
P = 0.03) and rs731236 (dominant model:
P = 0.04; recessive model:
P = 0.02; allele model: P = 0.01)
variants were significantly associated with TB. Further subgroup
analyses by ethnicity revealed that rs1544410 (dominant and allele
models) and rs731236 (dominant, recessive, and allele models) variants
were both significantly associated with TB in South Asians. When we
stratified data by type of disease, positive results were detected for
rs7975232 variant in EPTB (dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and
allele models) subgroup, and for rs2228570 variant in PTB (dominant,
recessive, and allele models) and EPTB (dominant, recessive,
over-dominant, and allele models) subgroups. Our meta-analysis
supported that rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs731236 variants
might serve as genetic biomarkers of certain types of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yu Yao People's Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Minghao Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yu Yao People's Hospital, Yuyao, China
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Harishankar M, Selvaraj P, Bethunaickan R. Influence of Genetic Polymorphism Towards Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:213. [PMID: 30167433 PMCID: PMC6106802 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still remains the major threat for human health worldwide. Several case-control, candidate-gene, family studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested the association of host genetic factors to TB susceptibility or resistance in various ethnic populations. Moreover, these factors modulate the host immune responses to tuberculosis. Studies have reported genetic markers to predict TB development in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes like killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine/chemokines and their receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and SLC11A1 etc. Highly polymorphic HLA loci may influence antigen presentation specificities by modifying peptide binding motifs. The recent meta-analysis studies revealed the association of several HLA alleles in particular class II HLA-DRB1 with TB susceptibility and valuable marker for disease development especially in Asian populations. Case-control studies have found the association of HLA-DR2 in some populations, but not in other populations, this could be due to an ethnic specific association of gene variants. Recently, GWAS conducted in case-control and family based studies in Russia, Chinese Han, Morocco, Uganda and Tanzania revealed the association of genes such as ASAP1, Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO), Forkhead BoxP1 (FOXP1), C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) and intergenic SNP rs932347C/T with TB. Whereas, SNP rs10956514A/G were not associated with TB in western Chinese Han and Tibetan population. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of genetic variants with susceptibility/resistance to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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A reappraised meta-analysis of the genetic association between vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170247. [PMID: 28533426 PMCID: PMC5463263 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism located in intron 8 at the 3′-end of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is known to be involved in the regulation of mRNA stability. Many studies evaluated the possible correlation between VDR BsmI polymorphism and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and reported conflicting results. In the present study, an updated meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the above-said association. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar web-databases were searched for the relevant studies and a meta-analysis was performed by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all the genetic models. A total of 19 studies comprising 3644 controls and 2635 cases were included in the present study. Overall no association of PTB in allelic contrast (b compared with B: P=0.285; OR =0.909, 95% CI =0.762–1.083), homozygous (bb compared with BB: P=0.881; OR =0.975, 95% CI =0.700–1.359), heterozygous (bB compared with BB: P=0.834; OR =1.017, 95% CI =0.872–1.185), dominant (bb compared with BB + Bb: P=0.451; OR =0.954, 95% CI =0.843–1.079) and recessive (bb + Bb compared with BB: P=0.983; OR =1.002, 95% CI =0.868–1.156) genetic models in comparison with wild-type allele and genotype BB were observed. However, variant allele (b compared with B: P=0.001; OR =2.289, 95% CI =1.661–3.154) showed increased risk of PTB in Asians. In conclusion, VDR BsmI polymorphism is not a risk factor for PTB in overall population. However, this polymorphism may be interrelated to an increased risk of PTB amongst Asians.
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Harishankar M, Selvaraj P. Influence of Cdx2 and TaqI Gene Variants on Vitamin D 3 Modulated Intracellular Chemokine Positive T-Cell Subsets in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clin Ther 2017; 39:946-957. [PMID: 28476406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D3) on intracellular chemokine-positive T-cell subsets in whole blood cultures of healthy controls and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The regulatory role of the Cdx2 and 3'UTR TaqI gene variants on chemokine-positive T-cell subsets was studied from culture filtrate antigen stimulated with or without vitamin D3 treated whole blood cultures of 60 healthy controls and 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. FINDINGS Vitamin D3 significantly suppressed monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10)-positive T-cell subsets compared with culture filtrate antigen stimulated cells without vitamin D3 treatment. In the Cdx2 AA genotype, vitamin D3 decreased MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES-positive T cells compared with the GG genotype. Whereas in the TaqI tt genotype, decreased MIP-1β and RANTES and increased IP-10-positive T cells were observed compared with the TT genotype in vitamin D3 treated cells (p < 0.05). IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that vitamin D3 may regulate the chemokine-positive T cells through the Cdx2 AA and TaqI tt genotypes. This could be helpful to regulate chemokine-mediated inflammatory response during active disease condition. Hence, vitamin D3 supplementation along with tuberculosis drugs may be useful for faster recovery from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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Cao Y, Wang X, Cao Z, Cheng X. Vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1118-1134. [PMID: 27695504 PMCID: PMC5016579 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility has been investigated previously; however, the results were inconsistent and conflicting. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and the risk of TB. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases including PubMed and Embase were searched for genetic association studies of FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and TB. Data were extracted by two independent authors and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and TB risk. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Thirty-four studies with a total of 5669 cases and 6525 controls were reviewed in the present meta-analysis. A statistically significant correlation was found between VDR FokI gene polymorphism and increased TB risk in two comparison models: the homozygote model (ff vs. FF: OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.60; Pheterogeneity = 0.001) and the recessive model (ff vs. Ff + FF: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.52; Pheterogeneity = 0.006). Meta-regression found no source contributing to heterogeneity. However, sub-group analyses revealed that there was a statistically increased TB risk in the East and Southeast Asian population. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis of the available studies suggests that homozygosity for the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene might be associated with an increased TB risk, especially in the East and Southeast Asian population. Additional well-designed, larger-scale epidemiological studies among different ethnicities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, 309th Hospital, Beijing, China
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Regulatory role of Cdx-2 and Taq I polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene on chemokine expression in pulmonary tuberculosis. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:498-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dzhebir G, Kamenarska Z, Hristova M, Savov A, Vinkov A, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Dourmishev L. Association of vitamin D receptor gene BsmI B/b and FokI F/f polymorphisms with adult dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:e465-8. [PMID: 26972080 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyulnas Dzhebir
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Maria Hristova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology and Department of Nephrology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexey Savov
- National Genetic Laboratory, Majchin Dom Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Dourmishev
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Batai K, Murphy AB, Nonn L, Kittles RA. Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans. Front Immunol 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 26941739 PMCID: PMC4761841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced stage and higher tumor grade and mortality, while its association with overall PCa risk is inconsistent. Vitamin D deficiency is also more common in AAs than EAs, and the difference in serum vitamin D levels may help explain the PCa disparities. However, the role of vitamin D in aggressive PCa in AAs is not well explored. Studies demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has anti-inflammatory effects by mediating immune-related gene expression in prostate tissue. Inflammation also plays an important role in PCa pathogenesis and progression, and expression of immune-related genes in PCa tissues differs significantly between AAs and EAs. Unfortunately, the evidence linking vitamin D and immune response in relation to PCa is still scarce. This relationship should be further explored at a genomic level in AA populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and fatal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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Huang L, Liu C, Liao G, Yang X, Tang X, Chen J. Vitamin D Receptor Gene FokI Polymorphism Contributes to Increasing the Risk of Tuberculosis: An Update Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2256. [PMID: 26705207 PMCID: PMC4697973 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk remains a matter of debate. Potential selection bias exists in most studies using HIV-positive TB patients.An update meta-analysis was carried out to derive a more reliable assessment of the association between FokI polymorphisms and TB risk, especially in HIV-negative TB patients. All major databases from inception to June 2015 were searched for all publications that studied the association between FokI polymorphism and TB risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to the frequencies of genotypes.In total, 32 studies with 4894 cases and 5319 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the estimated OR was 1.34 (95% CI=1.091-1.646, P = 0.005) in the best genetic model (recessive model, ff vs fF+FF) with moderate heterogeneity (I = 32.2%, P = 0.043). In the subgroup analysis stratified by HIV status, significant associations were found only in the HIV-negative TB group (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.180-2.077, P = 0.002; I = 29.5%, and P = 0.141 for heterogeneity). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found in the Asian group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.205-2.261, P = 0.002; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity), but not in the Caucasian group (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.762-1.547, P = 0.649; I = 0.0%, and P = 0.740 for heterogeneity) and African group (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.726-1.341, P = 0.934; I = 43.9%, and P = 0.024 for heterogeneity).This meta-analysis confirms that VDR FokI polymorphism contributes to the risk of TB, especially in HIV-negative TB patients and in the Asian group. Further studies are required to clarify the role of the FokI polymorphism in HIV-positive TB and in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Huang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (LH, XY); Department of Tuberculosis (CL); Department of Central Laboratory (GL, XT); Department of Science and Education, Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Automomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China (JC)
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Xu C, Tang P, Ding C, Li C, Chen J, Xu Z, Mao Y, Wu M, Zhao J. Vitamin D Receptor Gene FOKI Polymorphism Contributes to Increasing the Risk of HIV-Negative Tuberculosis: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140634. [PMID: 26485279 PMCID: PMC4618110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI polymorphism have been studied in relation to tuberculosis (TB) in many populations and provided inconsistent results. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis to derive a more reliable assessment on FokI polymorphism and the risk of HIV-negative TB. Methods The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were used to undertake a comprehensive systematic literature review of all current published VDR gene FOKI association studies aimed at the risk of TB up to June 30, 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the strength of the models. Results A total of 14 studies (1,668 cases and 1,893 controls) were retrieved in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR was 1.60 (95% = 1.28–1.97, P<0.001; I2 = 29.5%, and P = 0.141 for heterogeneity) in the best genetic model (recessive model: ff vs. fF+FF). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicities, a significantly increased risk was found in the Asian group (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.42–2.33, P<0.001; I2 = 31.0%, and P = 0.150 for heterogeneity) in the recessive model. Similarly, significant associations were also found in the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism group, high-quality studies, and the population based or hospital based groups. Moderate heterogeneity was found in this study. Conclusion Our results suggested that VDR FokI polymorphism contributes to increasing the risk of TB in HIV-negative individuals, especially in the Asian region. Further studies on this topic in other races are expected to be conducted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Tang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Wu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (MW)
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (MW)
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Facchini L, Venturini E, Galli L, Martino MD, Chiappini E. Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a review on a hot topic. J Chemother 2015; 27:128-38. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Akhter N, Panda AK, Haque S. Evaluating the Association between TaqI Variant of Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:140-7. [PMID: 25253922 PMCID: PMC4170554 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.139791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D has been shown to hamper the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. The actions of vitamin D are exerted through a vitamin D receptor (VDR). The genetic variant TaqI of VDR has been implicated in tuberculosis (TB) risk in several case-control studies. However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between VDR TaqI polymorphism and risk of developing TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a quantitative synthesis for published studies based upon the relationship between TaqI polymorphism and TB risk from PubMed (Medline) and Embase databases. The meta-analysis was performed and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all genetic models. RESULTS A total of 21 studies including 2,960 TB cases and 3,894 controls were included in this study. The pooled analysis demonstrated no evidence of association between VDR TaqI genotypes and risk of TB in any of the genetic models; variant (t vs T: P = 0.618; OR = 1.051, 95% CI = 0.864-1.278), homozygous (tt vs TT: P = 0.120; OR = 1.336, 95% CI = 0.927-1.924), heterozygous (Tt vs TT: P = 0.925; OR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.774-1.262), dominant model (tt + Tt vs TT: P = 0.805; OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 0.805-1.322), and recessive model (tt vs TT + Tt: P = 0.180; OR = 1.229, 95% CI = 0.909-1.660). No publication bias was detected during the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Overall findings of this meta-analysis suggest that genetic polymorphism TaqI of VDR gene may not contribute to the risk of TB. However, future larger studies with group of populations are warranted to analyze this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Wöbke TK, Sorg BL, Steinhilber D. Vitamin D in inflammatory diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:244. [PMID: 25071589 PMCID: PMC4078458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in vitamin D serum levels have been associated with inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis (MS), atherosclerosis, or asthma. Genome- and transcriptome-wide studies indicate that vitamin D signaling modulates many inflammatory responses on several levels. This includes (i) the regulation of the expression of genes which generate pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenases or 5-lipoxygenase, (ii) the interference with transcription factors, such as NF-κB, which regulate the expression of inflammatory genes and (iii) the activation of signaling cascades, such as MAP kinases which mediate inflammatory responses. Vitamin D targets various tissues and cell types, a number of which belong to the immune system, such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) as well as B- and T cells, leading to individual responses of each cell type. One hallmark of these specific vitamin D effects is the cell-type specific regulation of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the interplay between vitamin D signaling and other signaling cascades involved in inflammation. An important task in the near future will be the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses by vitamin D on the molecular level by the use of techniques such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ChIP-seq, and FAIRE-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea K Wöbke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd L Sorg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
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Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Panda AK, Haque S. Vitamin D Receptor ApaI Gene Polymorphism and Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:323-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Kumar Mandal
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya K. Panda
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Chen C, Liu Q, Zhu L, Yang H, Lu W. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on the risk of tuberculosis, a meta-analysis of 29 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83843. [PMID: 24349552 PMCID: PMC3862802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of four potentially functional polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI , with tuberculosis susceptibility were considered. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the association between the four polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk in different ethnic backgrounds. Eligible case-control studies that were catalogued before April 1st 2013 were enrolled, and the heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using a χ2 based Q-test. Fixed and random effect models were built to evaluate the association of the four polymorphisms with the risk of tuberculosis, and the association between the four polymorphisms and tuberculosis was expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, twenty nine qualified studies were enrolled for this meta-analysis that included 6179 tuberculosis cases and 6585 healthy controls. The variant homozygote genotype of the FokI polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of tuberculosis when compared to the heterozygote and wild type homozygote genotypes in the Chinese population (ff vs. Ff+FF: ORrecessive=1.97, 95%CI: 1.32-2.93, Pbonferroni=0.0032; heterogeneity test: χ2=0.24, P=0.62). For European subjects, the homozygote and heterozygote genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism were associated with a significantly decreased risk of tuberculosis when compared to the wild type homozygote (bb+Bb vs. BB: ORdominant=0.41, 95%CI, 0.22-0.76, Pbonferroni=0.02; heterogeneity test: χ2=2.59, P=0.11). Based on the above results, we conclude that variants of the VDR gene that are homozygous for the FokI polymorphism might be more susceptible to tuberculosis in Chinese. Furthermore, larger sample studies are warranted to confirm the protective effects of BsmI variants on tuberculosis in the Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu YJ, Yang X, Wang XX, Qiu MT, You YZ, Zhang ZX, Zhu SM, Xu L, Tang FL. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with risk of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of 15 studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66944. [PMID: 23825591 PMCID: PMC3692555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variations in vitamin D receptor (VDR) may contribute to tuberculosis (TB) risk. Many studies have investigated the association between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and TB risk, but yielded inconclusive results. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 publications with a total of 2309 cases and 3568 controls. We assessed the strength of the association between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and TB risk and performed sub-group analyses by ethnicity, sample size and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We found a statistically significant correlation between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and decreased TB risk in four comparison models: allele model (b vs. B: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.89; Pheterogeneity = 0.004), homozygote model (bb vs. BB: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.87; Pheterogeneity = 0.001), recessive model (bb vs. Bb+BB: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.88; Pheterogeneity = 0.005) and dominant model (bb+Bb vs. BB: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.97; Pheterogeneity = 0.010), especially in studies based on Asian population. Sub-group analyses also revealed that there was a statistically decreased TB risk in “small” studies (<500 participants) and studies with PHWE>0.5. Meta-regression and stratification analysis both showed that the ethnicity and sample size contributed to heterogeneity. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that VDR BsmI gene polymorphism is associated with a significant decreased TB risk, especially in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Wang
- Department of Bio-statistics, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Man-Tang Qiu
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-zhong You
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou First People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan-mei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (F-lT)
| | - Feng-lei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (F-lT)
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Santos BR, Mascarenhas LPG, Satler F, Boguszewski MCS, Spritzer PM. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and sex steroid secretion in girls with precocious pubarche in Southern Brazil: a pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:725-729. [PMID: 21975377 DOI: 10.3275/7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that precocious pubarche (PP) girls may have higher risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at later ages. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in the risk of diabetes and PCOS, but little is known about the role of VDR in PP. AIM To assess the frequencies of VDR gene ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms and to determine whether these variants are associated with sex hormone concentrations in patients with PP and controls from southern Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood was collected from 36 girls with PP and 197 controls for genotyping of BsmI and FokI polymorphisms using real-time PCR and of ApaI e TaqI polymorphisms using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Hormone levels were also determined. RESULTS Genotype GG of the ApaI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was more frequent in PP (30.6%) than in controls (16.2%) [odds ratio (OR): 2.269; confidence interval 95% (95%CI): 1.015-5.076; p=0.042]. This genotype was also associated with lower estradiol [35.30 (14.80-50.48) pg/ml vs 12.22 (6.49-23.69) pg/ml; p=0.025] and total testosterone levels (0.52 (0.39-0.84) ng/ml vs 0.20 (0.11-0.47) ng/ml; p=0.005) as compared with the TT + TG genotypes in girls with PP. The distribution of TaqI, BsmI, and Fokl SNP was similar in PP and controls, and no association was found between these polymorphisms and sex steroid levels. CONCLUSIONS The ApaI SNP of the VDR gene was associated with PP in the studied population and may modulate ovarian steroid secretion in these girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Santos
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Alagarasu K, Honap T, Mulay AP, Bachal RV, Shah PS, Cecilia D. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of dengue virus infection. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1194-9. [PMID: 22917542 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to affect pathogenesis of dengue through modulation of immune responses. Vitamin D exerts its effects through vitamin D receptor (VDR). The functioning of VDR is affected by the gene polymorphisms in the coding (rs2228570) and 3'untranslated region (UTR) (rs1544410, rs7975232 and rs731236). In the present study, VDR gene polymorphisms were investigated in 112 dengue infected patients (83 dengue fever (DF) and 29 dengue hemorrhagic fever cases (DHF)) and 105 apparently healthy controls (HCs) using polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphisms methods. HCs had no documented evidence of symptomatic dengue. Results revealed significantly lower frequency of 'C' allele of rs7975232 in all dengue patients (DEN) as compared to HCs [(P corrected (Pc)=0.014, Odds ratio (OR) 0.51]. The frequency of C/C genotype of rs7975232 was significantly lower in DEN and DF cases compared to HCs (DEN vs. HCs: Pc=0.0184, OR 0.24; DF cases vs. HCs: Pc=0.028, OR 0.21). The frequency of T allele of rs2228570 in a dominant mode was significantly higher in DHF cases as compared to DF cases (P=0.034 OR 2.58). A significantly lower frequency of the haplotype G-C-T (Pc=0.0135) and higher frequency of the haplotype G-A-T (Pc=0.000085) was observed in DEN and DF cases as compared to HCs. The results suggest that the 3'UTR haplotypes of VDR gene are differentially associated with risk of symptomatic dengue requiring hospitalization. The 'T' allele of rs2228570 polymorphism in a dominant mode of inheritance is associated with DHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alagarasu
- Dengue Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India.
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Higa GM, Hicks J, Isabella C. Adjudication of the alleged role of vitamin d in the antimicrobial pathway. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:129516. [PMID: 24278668 PMCID: PMC3820478 DOI: 10.6064/2012/129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between microorganism and host have evolved in such a way that while microbial pathogens are the cause of many human infections, a symbiotic relationship is also known to exist. Another important anomaly is that exposure to pathogenic organisms does not necessarily result in development of clinical disease. The latter conclusion infers that susceptibility to infectious disease can be modified by host-related factors. Arguably the two most prominent factors are genetic variability and immunologic status of the exposed individual. Because of the Human Genome and the HapMap projects, developments in genotyping technology have brought the possibility of identifying associations between specific genetic alterations and common diseases closer to reality. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests vitamin D has an important contributory role in the antimicrobial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M. Higa
- Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jason Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Santos BR, Mascarenhas LPG, Satler F, Boguszewski MCS, Spritzer PM. Vitamin D deficiency in girls from South Brazil: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and association with vitamin D receptor gene variants. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:62. [PMID: 22681928 PMCID: PMC3464685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a multitude of disorders including diabetes, defective insulin secretion as well as rickets and poor bone health. Vitamin D is also a concern during childhood and adolescence and has been reported in girls from South Brazil. We determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in girls from South Brazil and investigated whether the genotypic distribution of the BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the VDR gene and their haplotypes were associated with vitamin D levels. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 234 apparently healthy girls aged 7 to 18 years. Height and weight were measured for calculation of body mass index (BMI) percentiles for age. Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were assessed. Participants were genotyped for ApaI (rs7975232), TaqI (rs731236), and BsmI (rs1544410) SNPs. RESULTS The median and interquartile range (25-75%) of BMI percentile was 62.0 (33.3 - 84.9). The frequency of overweight/obesity was 24.9%. Circulating levels of 25(OH)D (≥ 30 ng/mL) were adequate in 9.4%; insufficient in 54.3% (20-29 ng/mL); and deficient in 36.3% (< 20 ng/mL). Genotype frequencies were GG = 47.0%, GA = 41.5%, and AA = 11.5% for BsmI; GG = 16.7%, GT = 52.6%, and TT = 30.8% for ApaI; TT = 46.2%, TC = 44.9% and CC = 9.0% for TaqI. Genotypes with no gene variance (ancestral wild genotype) of BsmI (GG vs. GA + AA, two-tailed Student's t-test p < 0.001), ApaI (GG vs. GT + TT, two-tailed Student's t-test p = 0.031) and TaqI (TT vs. TC + CC, two-tailed Student's t-test p = 0.005) SNPs and the GGT haplotype (two-tailed Student's t-test p = 0.036) were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSIONS 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent in this sample. The BsmI, ApaI and TaqI wild variants of the VDR gene, as well as the GGT haplotype, were associated with lower vitamin D levels, suggesting that VDR gene polymorphisms could be linked to higher susceptibility to vitamin D deficiency in a sub-population of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betânia R Santos
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Qidwai T, Jamal F, Khan MY. DNA Sequence Variation and Regulation of Genes Involved in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:568-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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RUCEVIC I, STEFANIC M, TOKIC S, VUKSIC M, GLAVAS-OBROVAC L, BARISIC-DRUSKO V. Lack of association of vitamin D receptor gene 3′-haplotypes with psoriasis in Croatian patients. J Dermatol 2011; 39:58-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang HQ, Deng A, Guo CF, Wang YX, Chen LQ, Wang YF, Wu JH, Liu JY. Association between FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene and susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:46-9. [PMID: 20430254 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies have shown that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms may be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and play important roles in the regulation of calcium in a variety of tissues including bone. To our knowledge, however, whether FokI polymorphism in VDR gene is associated with susceptibility to spinal TB is still unknown. We undertook this study to investigate the association between FokI polymorphism in VDR gene and susceptibility to spinal TB in Chinese Han population. METHODS This study included 110 patients with spinal TB and 102 volunteers as controls. FokI polymorphism in VDR gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the spinal TB group and the control group. The frequencies of VDR-FokI genotypes in the two groups were compared using chi(2) test. RESULTS There was a significant difference between groups in regard to the frequencies of the VDR-FokI genotypes (p <0.05). In the spinal TB group, the frequency of the ff genotype was 46.36%, which was significantly higher than the corresponding value for the control group (28.43%). Furthermore, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.176 (p <0.05), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) ranged from 1.236-3.832. CONCLUSIONS FokI polymorphism in VDR gene may be associated with the susceptibility to spinal TB in Chinese Han population. Furthermore, the ff genotype may be the susceptible genotype of spinal TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, ChangSha, China.
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Martin RJL, McKnight AJ, Patterson CC, Sadlier DM, Maxwell AP. A rare haplotype of the vitamin D receptor gene is protective against diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:497-503. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage might be associated with vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13:e437-43. [PMID: 19411183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been associated with susceptibility to several diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and infections. In this study we investigated whether VDR gene polymorphisms influence nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in individuals with T1D. METHODS In 93 T1D patients, VDR polymorphisms on FokI F>f, BsmI B>b, ApaI A>a, and TaqI T>t were determined in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and a nasal swab was obtained to detect colonization by S. aureus. A repeat swab was obtained in 76/93 subjects for the estimation of persistent S. aureus carriage. RESULTS The prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization was 31.2% and the prevalence of persistent carriage was 25%. The presence of TaqI T allele was related to higher rates of S. aureus colonization, and TaqI TT homozygotes were more colonized (48.5% vs. 21.7%; p 0.007; OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.36-8.52) and more persistent carriers (37.9% vs. 17.0%; p 0.039; OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.02-8.67). The presence of ApaI A allele was related to lower rates of S. aureus colonization, and ApaI AA homozygotes were less colonized (17.6% vs. 39.0%; p 0.026; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.94) and less persistent carriers (11.5% vs. 32%; p 0.043; OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07-1.06). No differences were observed for BsmI and FokI genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that VDR polymorphisms may be associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus in individuals with T1D, and further contribute to the better understanding of the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in the human host's response and susceptibility to infection.
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Selvaraj P, Prabhu Anand S, Harishankar M, Alagarasu K. Plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 level and expression of vitamin d receptor and cathelicidin in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Clin Immunol 2009. [PMID: 19219539 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9277-9.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D(3), which exerts its effect through vitamin D receptor (VDR), is known for its potent immunomodulatory activities. Associations between low serum vitamin D(3) levels and increased risk of tuberculosis have been reported. STUDY SUBJECTS AND METHODS Plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D(3) levels (1,25(OH)(2) D(3)) and ex vivo levels of VDR protein from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied in 65 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 60 normal healthy subjects (NHS) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based methods. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), induction of VDR, cathelicidin, and CYP27B1 mRNA were studied in live Mycobacterium tuberculosis-stimulated macrophage cultures treated with or without 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D(3). VDR and CYP27B1 (-1077 A/T) gene polymorphisms were studied using PCR-based methods. RESULTS 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) were significantly increased (p = 0.0004), while ex vivo levels of VDR protein were significantly decreased in PTB patients (p = 0.017) as compared to NHS. 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) levels were not different between variant genotypes of CYP27B1. A trend towards decreased levels of VDR protein was observed among NHS with BsmI BB and TaqI tt genotypes compared to NHS with other genotypes. Relative quantification of mRNA using real-time PCR revealed increased VDR mRNA expression in live M. tuberculosis-stimulated culture in PTB patients (p < 0.01) than normal healthy subjects. Cathelicidin mRNA expression was significantly increased in vitamin D(3)-treated cultures compared to unstimulated and M. tuberculosis-stimulated culture in both patients (p < 0.001) and NHS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that PTB patients may have increased 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) levels, and this might lead to downregulation of VDR expression. Decreased VDR levels could result in defective VDR signaling. Moreover, addition of 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) might lead to increased expression of cathelicidin which could enhance the immunity against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chetput, Chennai, India.
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Selvaraj P, Prabhu Anand S, Harishankar M, Alagarasu K. Plasma 1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 Level and Expression of Vitamin D Receptor and Cathelicidin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:470-8. [PMID: 19219539 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
MESH Headings
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Adult
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/biosynthesis
- Calcitriol/blood
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Male
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Calcitriol/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Cathelicidins
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Affiliation(s)
- P Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chetput, Chennai, India.
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Vidyarani M, Selvaraj P, Raghavan S, Narayanan P. Regulatory role of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D receptor gene variants on intracellular granzyme A expression in pulmonary tuberculosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 86:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5' regulatory and 3' untranslated region polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene in south Indian HIV and HIV-TB patients. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:196-204. [PMID: 18712587 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in the 5' regulatory region (Cdx2 and A-1012G), coding region (FokI), and 3' untranslated region (UTR; BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) were studied to find out whether these polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1 and development of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients. STUDY SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 131 HIV patients without TB (HIV+ TB-) and 113 HIV patients with TB (HIV+ TB+; includes 82 patients with pulmonary TB (HIV+ PTB+) and 31 with extra pulmonary TB), 108 HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients (HIV- PTB+), and 146 healthy controls. RESULTS Among the 5' regulatory and coding region polymorphisms, significantly increased frequency of G/A genotype of Cdx-2 was observed in HIV+ TB- group compared to controls (p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) 1.89 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-3.15). In the 3' UTR genotypes, a decreased frequency of b/b genotype of BsmI in total HIV patients (p = 0.014, OR 0.54 95% CI 0.32-0.89) and increased frequencies of A/A genotype of ApaI in HIV+ TB+ patients (p = 0.041, OR 1.77 95% CI 1.02-3.06) and t/t genotype of TaqI in HIV+ PTB+ patients (p = 0.05, OR 2.32 95% CI 0.99-5.46) were observed compared to controls. Haplotype analysis revealed significantly increased frequencies of 3' UTR haplotype B-A-t in HIV+ TB+ and HIV+ PTB+ groups (Pc = 0.030, OR 1.75 95% CI 1.14-2.66) and decreased frequencies of b-A-T haplotype in total HIV patients (Pc = 0.012, OR 0.46 95% CI 0.27-0.77), HIV+ TB- (p = 0.031 OR 0.48 95% CI 0.25-0.89), and HIV+ PTB+ groups (Pc = 0.04, OR 0.47 95% CI 0.23-0.89) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that VDR gene 3' UTR haplotype b-A-T may be associated with protection against HIV infection while B-A-t haplotype might be associated with susceptibility to development of TB in HIV-1-infected patients.
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