1
|
Nawaz MY, Savegnago RP, Lim D, Lee SH, Gondro C. Signatures of selection in Angus and Hanwoo beef cattle using imputed whole genome sequence data. Front Genet 2024; 15:1368710. [PMID: 39161420 PMCID: PMC11331311 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1368710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we detected signatures of selection in Hanwoo and Angus beef cattle using allele frequency and haplotype-based methods based on imputed whole genome sequence variants. Our dataset included 13,202 Angus animals with 10,057,633 imputed SNPs and 10,437 Hanwoo animals with 13,241,550 imputed SNPs. The dataset was subset down to 6,873,624 SNPs in common between the two populations to identify within population (runs of homozygosity, extended haplotype homozygosity) and between population signals of selection (allele fixation index, extended haplotype homozygosity). Assuming these selection signals were complementary to each other, they were combined into a decorrelated composite of multiple signals to identify regions under selection for each of the breeds. 27 genomic regions spanning 25.15 Mb and harboring 360 genes were identified in Angus on chromosomes 1,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21 and 28. Similarly, in Hanwoo, 59 genes and 17 genomic regions spanning 5.21 Mb on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20 and 24 were identified. Apart from a small region on chromosome 13, there was no major overlap of selection signals between the two breeds reflecting their largely different selection histories, environmental challenges, breeding objectives and breed characteristics. Positional candidate genes identified in selected genomic regions in Angus have been previously associated with growth, immunity, reproductive development, feed efficiency and adaptation to environment while the candidate genes identified in Hanwoo included important genes regulating meat quality, fat deposition, cholesterol metabolism, lipid synthesis, neuronal development, and olfactory reception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Nawaz
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Dajeong Lim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cedric Gondro
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berglund LJ. Modulating the PI3K Signalling Pathway in Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome: a Clinical Perspective. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:34. [PMID: 38148368 PMCID: PMC10751257 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) δ syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity characterised by immune dysregulation. Since the discovery of genetic mutations resulting in PI3Kδ overactivation, treatment of APDS patients has begun to focus on modulation of the PI3K pathway in addition to supportive therapies. The mTOR inhibitor sirolimus has been used effectively for some clinical manifestations of this condition, however the arrival of specific PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib has shown promising early results and may provide a more targeted approach. This review summarizes key aspects of PI3K pathway biology and discusses potential options for nuanced modulation of the PI3K pathway in APDS from a clinical perspective, highlighting differences from PI3K inhibition in haematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Berglund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ameratunga R, Edwards ESJ, Lehnert K, Leung E, Woon ST, Lea E, Allan C, Chan L, Steele R, Longhurst H, Bryant VL. The Rapidly Expanding Genetic Spectrum of Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Like Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1646-1664. [PMID: 36796510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is in evolution. CVID was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. New diagnostic criteria have allowed the disorder to be identified with greater precision. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it has become apparent that an increasing number of patients with a CVID phenotype have a causative genetic variant. If a pathogenic variant is identified, these patients are removed from the overarching diagnosis of CVID and are deemed to have a CVID-like disorder. In populations where consanguinity is more prevalent, the majority of patients with severe primary hypogammaglobulinemia will have an underlying inborn error of immunity, usually an early-onset autosomal recessive disorder. In nonconsanguineous societies, pathogenic variants are identified in approximately 20% to 30% of patients. These are often autosomal dominant mutations with variable penetrance and expressivity. To add to the complexity of CVID and CVID-like disorders, some genetic variants such as those in TNFSF13B (transmembrane activator calcium modulator cyclophilin ligand interactor) predispose to, or enhance, disease severity. These variants are not causative but can have epistatic (synergistic) interactions with more deleterious mutations to worsen disease severity. This review is a description of the current understanding of genes associated with CVID and CVID-like disorders. This information will assist clinicians in interpreting NGS reports when investigating the genetic basis of disease in patients with a CVID phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Emily S J Edwards
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edward Lea
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Allan
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lydia Chan
- Department of Clinical immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Department of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deenick EK, Bier J, Lau A. PI3K Isoforms in B Cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:235-254. [PMID: 36243847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) control many aspects of cellular activation and differentiation and play an important role in B cells biology. Three different classes of PI3K have been described, all of which are expressed in B cells. However, it is the class IA PI3Ks, and the p110δ catalytic subunit in particular, which seem to play the most critical role in B cells. Here we discuss the important role that class IA PI3K plays in B cell development, activation and differentiation, as well as examine what is known about the other classes of PI3Ks in B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Julia Bier
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Lau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen LN, Nguyen LNT, Zhao J, Schank M, Dang X, Cao D, Khanal S, Thakuri BKC, Zhang J, Lu Z, Wu XY, El Gazzar M, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Immune Activation Induces Telomeric DNA Damage and Promotes Short-Lived Effector T Cell Differentiation in Chronic HCV Infection. Hepatology 2021; 74:2380-2394. [PMID: 34110660 PMCID: PMC8542603 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a high rate of chronic infection and T cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that chronic antigenic stimulation is a driving force for impaired T cell functions, the precise mechanisms underlying immune activation-induced T cell dysfunctions during HCV infection remain elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that circulating CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV-infected exhibit an immune activation status, as evidenced by the overexpression of cell activation markers human leukocyte antigen-antigen D-related, glucose transporter 1, granzyme B, and the short-lived effector marker CD127- killer cell lectin-like receptor G1+ . In contrast, the expression of stem cell-like transcription factor T cell factor 1 and telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) are significantly reduced in CD4+ T cells from patients who are chronically HCV-infected compared with healthy participants (HP). Mechanistic studies revealed that CD4+ T cells from participants with HCV exhibit phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling hyperactivation on T cell receptor stimulation, promoting proinflammatory effector cell differentiation, telomeric DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis. Inhibition of Akt signaling during T cell activation preserved the precursor memory cell population and prevented inflammatory effector cell expansion, DNA damage, and apoptotic death. Moreover, knockdown of TRF2 reduced HP T cell stemness and triggered telomeric DNA damage and cellular apoptosis, whereas overexpression of TRF2 in CD4 T cells prevented telomeric DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that modulation of immune activation through inhibiting Akt signaling and protecting telomeres through enhancing TRF2 expression may open therapeutic strategies to fine tune the adaptive immune responses in the setting of persistent immune activation and inflammation during chronic HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Nhat Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Bal Krishna Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN.,Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schworer SA, Francis O, Johnson SM, Smith BD, Gold SH, Smitherman AB, Wu EY. Autoimmune Cytopenia as an Early and Initial Presenting Manifestation in Activated PI3 Kinase Delta Syndrome: Case Report and Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:281-287. [PMID: 34054047 PMCID: PMC8542580 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome (APDS) is a combined immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections, increased risk of herpesvirus infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and increased risk of lymphoid malignancies. Gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD and PIK3R1 result in increased phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta activity which causes hyperactivation of lymphocytes and abnormal development and activation of T and B cells. Cytopenias are the most common autoimmune process occurring in patients with APDS and typically occur as a later manifestation of the disease. Here we present a female patient with an early autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and frequent infections presenting in infancy, followed by development of significant lymphadenopathy before her diagnosis with APDS type 1. She had significant improvement in her infectious history with immunoglobulin replacement, and control of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with initiation of sirolimus after her diagnosis with APDS type 1. We utilize this case to review the literature on APDS and present the novel finding of early-onset autoimmune disease in the setting of APDS. Autoimmune cytopenias are seen in many primary immunodeficiencies, and workup of autoimmune cytopenias in young patients should include evaluation for underlying immune disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Schworer
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Olivia Francis
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Steven M. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Benjamin D. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stuart H. Gold
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew B. Smitherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eveline Y. Wu
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vanhaesebroeck B, Perry MWD, Brown JR, André F, Okkenhaug K. PI3K inhibitors are finally coming of age. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:741-769. [PMID: 34127844 PMCID: PMC9297732 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Overactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer and immune dysregulation has spurred extensive efforts to develop therapeutic PI3K inhibitors. Although progress has been hampered by issues such as poor drug tolerance and drug resistance, several PI3K inhibitors have now received regulatory approval - the PI3Kα isoform-selective inhibitor alpelisib for the treatment of breast cancer and inhibitors mainly aimed at the leukocyte-enriched PI3Kδ in B cell malignancies. In addition to targeting cancer cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, emerging evidence highlights the potential of PI3K inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. This Review summarizes key discoveries that aid the clinical translation of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ inhibitors, highlighting lessons learnt and future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew W D Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- CLL Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrice André
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U981, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stevenson FK, Forconi F, Kipps TJ. Exploring the pathways to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:827-835. [PMID: 34075408 PMCID: PMC8432043 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), increasing knowledge of the biology of the tumor cells has led to transformative improvements in our capacity to assess and treat patients. The dependence of tumor cells on surface immunoglobulin receptor signaling, survival pathways, and accessory cells within the microenvironment has led to a successful double-barreled attack with designer drugs. Studies have revealed that CLL should be classified based on the mutational status of the expressed IGHV sequences into 2 diseases, either unmutated (U) or mutated (M) CLL, each with a distinctive cellular origin, biology, epigenetics/genetics, and clinical behavior. The origin of U-CLL lies among the natural antibody repertoire, and dominance of IGHV1-69 reveals a superantigenic driver. In both U-CLL and M-CLL, a calibrated stimulation of tumor cells by self-antigens apparently generates a dynamic reiterative cycle as cells, protected from apoptosis, transit between blood and tissue sites. But there are differences in outcome, with the balance between proliferation and anergy favoring anergy in M-CLL. Responses are modulated by an array of microenvironmental interactions. Availability of T-cell help is a likely determinant of cell fate, the dependency on which varies between U-CLL and M-CLL, reflecting the different cells of origin, and affecting clinical behavior. Despite such advances, cell-escape strategies, Richter transformation, and immunosuppression remain as challenges, which only may be met by continued research into the biology of CLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freda K Stevenson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Research UK Southampton Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Johansen KH, Golec DP, Thomsen JH, Schwartzberg PL, Okkenhaug K. PI3K in T Cell Adhesion and Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708908. [PMID: 34421914 PMCID: PMC8377255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chinn IK, Xie Z, Chan EC, Nagata BM, Koval A, Chen WS, Zhang F, Ganesan S, Hong DN, Suzuki M, Nardone G, Moore IN, Katanaev VL, Balazs AE, Liu C, Lupski JR, Orange JS, Druey KM. Short stature and combined immunodeficiency associated with mutations in RGS10. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/693/eabc1940. [PMID: 34315806 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the clinical and molecular phenotype of three siblings from one family, who presented with short stature and immunodeficiency and carried uncharacterized variants in RGS10 (c.489_491del:p.E163del and c.G511T:p.A171S). This gene encodes regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10), a member of a large family of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that targets heterotrimeric G proteins to constrain the activity of G protein-coupled receptors, including receptors for chemoattractants. The affected individuals exhibited systemic abnormalities directly related to the RGS10 mutations, including recurrent infections, hypergammaglobulinemia, profoundly reduced lymphocyte chemotaxis, abnormal lymph node architecture, and short stature due to growth hormone deficiency. Although the GAP activity of each RGS10 variant was intact, each protein exhibited aberrant patterns of PKA-mediated phosphorylation and increased cytosolic and cell membrane localization and activity compared to the wild-type protein. We propose that the RGS10 p.E163del and p.A171S mutations lead to mislocalization of the RGS10 protein in the cytosol, thereby resulting in attenuated chemokine signaling. This study suggests that RGS10 is critical for both immune competence and normal hormonal metabolism in humans and that rare RGS10 variants may contribute to distinct systemic genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eunice C Chan
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Wei-Sheng Chen
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, NIAID/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana N Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Protein Chemistry Section, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Nardone
- Protein Chemistry Section, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Andrea E Balazs
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tangye SG, Ma CS. Molecular regulation and dysregulation of T follicular helper cells - learning from inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:249-261. [PMID: 34284230 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of high-affinity antibodies is a key feature of the vertebrate immune system. Antibodies neutralize and clear pathogens, thereby protecting against infectious diseases. However, dysregulated production of antibodies can cause immune pathologies, such as autoimmunity and immune deficiency. Long-lived humoral immunity depends on B-cell help provided by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which support the differentiation of antigen (Ag)-specific B cells into memory and plasma cells. Tfh cells are generated from naïve CD4+ T cells following the receipt of inputs from various cell surface receptors, and can undergo further differentiation into subsets with specialised effector functions to induce and maintain serological memory. While genetically modified mice have provided great understanding of the requirements for generating Tfh cells, it is critical that requirements for human Tfh cell generation and function are also established. Key insights into the molecular requirements for human Tfh cells have been elucidated from the systematic analysis of humans with monogenic germline variants that cause inborn errors of immunity characterised by impaired humoral immunity following infection or vaccination or immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. In this review we will discuss how studying rare 'experiments of nature' has enabled discovery of non-redundant molecules and pathways necessary for Tfh cell generation, differentiation, regulation and function in humans, and how these findings inform us about basic and clinical immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Consortium of Australasia), Australia.
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Consortium of Australasia), Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen T, Deenick EK, Tangye SG. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and immune regulation: insights into disease pathogenesis and clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:905-914. [PMID: 34157234 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1945443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase that plays a fundamental role in cell survival, metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Thus, balanced PI3K signalling is critical for multiple aspects of human health. The discovery that germline variants in genes in the PI3K pathway caused inborn errors of immunity highlighted the non-redundant role of these signalling proteins in the human immune system. The subsequent identification and characterisation of >300 individuals with a novel immune dysregulatory disorder, termed activated PI3K-delta syndrome (APDS), has reinforced the status of PI3K as a key pathway regulating immune function. Studies of APDS have demonstrated that dysregulated PI3K function is disruptive for immune cell development, activation, differentiation, effector function and self-tolerance, which are all important in supporting effective, long-term immune responses. AREAS COVERED In this review, we recount recent findings regarding humans with germline variants in PI3K genes and discuss the underlying cellular and molecular pathologies, with a focus on implications for therapy in APDS patients. EXPERT OPINION Modulating PI3K immune cell signalling by offers opportunities for therapeutic interventions in settings of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and malignancy, but also highlights potential adverse events that may result from overt pharmacological or intrinsic inhibition of PI3K function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nguyen
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brodsky NN, Lucas CL. Infections in activated PI3K delta syndrome (APDS). Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:146-157. [PMID: 34052541 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated PI3K-delta Syndrome (APDS), also called PI3K-delta activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy, and immunodeficiency (PASLI), is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by inherited or de novo gain-of-function mutations in one of two genes encoding subunits of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) complex. This largely leukocyte-restricted protein complex regulates cell growth, activation, proliferation, and survival. Patients who harbor these mutations have early onset immunodeficiency with recurrent infections, lymphadenopathy, and autoimmunity. The most common infection susceptibilities are sinopulmonary (encapsulated bacteria) and herpesviruses. Multiple defects in both innate and adaptive immune function are responsible for this phenotype. Apart from anti-microbial prophylaxis and immunoglobulin replacement, patients are treated with a variety of immunomodulatory agents and some have needed hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Here, we highlight the spectrum of infections, immune defects, and therapy options in this inborn error of immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Brodsky
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street 353G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street 353G, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu M, Gu W, Sheng Y, Wang J, Xu X. Case Report: Activating PIK3CD Mutation in Patients Presenting With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670312. [PMID: 33995405 PMCID: PMC8113859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome (APDS) is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PIK3CD or PIK3R1 genes. The phenotypes of APDS are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic adults to profound immunodeficiency causing early death in childhood. Herein, we reported two pediatric patients with APDS presented with recurrent lung infections, sinusitis, hematuria, and positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), previously diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Bronchoscopy showed mucosal nodule lymphoid hyperplasia in the entire airway. Many inflammatory cells infiltrated around the airway and in the lung parenchyma, and numbers of CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were significantly increased, especially CD3+ T cells. Whole exome sequencing showed that they had the E1021K (c.3061 G >A) mutation in the PIK3CD gene. These are the first reported cases of APDS presenting as childhood-onset GPA. Pediatricians should suspect of APDS in the differential diagnosis of children who present with GPA-like symptoms. Additionally, timely and repeated bronchoscopies could contribute to providing an important diagnostic clue for APDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Lu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology & Allergy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjian Sheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology & Allergy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu T, Gong X, Bei F, Ma L, Sun J, Wang J, Qiu G, Sun J, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Primary immunodeficiency-related genes in neonatal intensive care unit patients with various genetic immune abnormalities: a multicentre study in China. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1266. [PMID: 33777394 PMCID: PMC7984964 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present phenotype-based disease classification causes ambiguity in diagnosing and determining timely, effective treatment options for primary immunodeficiency (PID). In this study, we aimed to examine the characteristics of early-onset PID and proposed a JAK-STATopathy subgroup based on their molecular defects. Methods We reviewed 72 patients (< 100 days) retrospectively. These patients exhibited various immune-related phenotypes and received a definitive molecular diagnosis by next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tests. We evaluated the PID-causing genes and clinical parameters. We assessed the genes that shared the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. We also examined the potential high risks related to the 180-day death rate. Results We identified PID disorders in 25 patients (34.72%, 25/72). The 180-day mortality was 26.39% (19/72). Early onset of disease (cut-off value of 3.5 days of age) was associated with a high 180-day death rate (P = 0.009). Combined immunodeficiency with associated or syndromic features comprised the most common PID class (60.00%, 15/25). Patients who presented life-threatening infections were most likely to exhibit PID (odds ratio [OR] = 2.864; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.047-7.836). Twelve out of 72 patients shared JAK-STAT pathway defects. Seven JAK-STATopathy patients were categorised as PID. They were admitted to NICUs as immunological emergencies. Most of them experienced severe infections and thrombocytopenia, with 4 succumbing to an early death. Conclusions This study confirmed that NGS can be utilised as an aetiological diagnostic method of complex immune-related conditions in early life. Through the classification of PID as pathway-based subtypes, we see an opportunity to dissect the heterogeneity and to direct targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Zhu
- Department of Neonatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Fei Bei
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gang Qiu
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Shanghai China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edwards ESJ, Bosco JJ, Ojaimi S, O'Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. Beyond monogenetic rare variants: tackling the low rate of genetic diagnoses in predominantly antibody deficiency. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:588-603. [PMID: 32801365 PMCID: PMC8027216 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most prevalent form of primary immunodeficiency, and is characterized by broad clinical, immunological and genetic heterogeneity. Utilizing the current gold standard of whole exome sequencing for diagnosis, pathogenic gene variants are only identified in less than 20% of patients. While elucidation of the causal genes underlying PAD has provided many insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning disease pathogenesis, many other genes may remain as yet undefined to enable definitive diagnosis, prognostic monitoring and targeted therapy of patients. Considering that many patients display a relatively late onset of disease presentation in their 2nd or 3rd decade of life, it is questionable whether a single genetic lesion underlies disease in all patients. Potentially, combined effects of other gene variants and/or non-genetic factors, including specific infections can drive disease presentation. In this review, we define (1) the clinical and immunological variability of PAD, (2) consider how genetic defects identified in PAD have given insight into B-cell immunobiology, (3) address recent technological advances in genomics and the challenges associated with identifying causal variants, and (4) discuss how functional validation of variants of unknown significance could potentially be translated into increased diagnostic rates, improved prognostic monitoring and personalized medicine for PAD patients. A multidisciplinary approach will be the key to curtailing the early mortality and high morbidity rates in this immune disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S J Edwards
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian J Bosco
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samar Ojaimi
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ge P, Ma H, Li Y, Ni A, Isa AM, Wang P, Bian S, Shi L, Zong Y, Wang Y, Jiang L, Hagos H, Yuan J, Sun Y, Chen J. Identification of microRNA-Associated-ceRNA Networks Regulating Crop Milk Production in Pigeon ( Columba livia). Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010039. [PMID: 33396684 PMCID: PMC7824448 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon belongs to altrices. Squab cannot forage independently. Nutrition can only be obtained from crop milk secreted by male and female pigeon. miRNA could regulate many biological events. However, the roles of miRNA and ceRNA in regulating crop milk production are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the miRNAs expression profile of female pigeon crop, explored the potential key genes, and found the regulatory mechanisms of crop milk production. A total of 71 miRNAs were identified differentially expressed significantly. Meanwhile, miR-20b-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-26b-5p were found to be the key miRNAs regulating lactation. Target genes of these miRNAs participated mainly in cell development; protein and lipid synthesis; and ion signaling processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, epithelial cell morphogenesis, calcium signaling pathway, protein digestion, and absorption. In the ceRNA network, miR-193-5p was located in the central position, and miR-193-5p/CREBRF/LOC110355588, miR-460b-5p/GRHL2/MSTRG.132954, and miR-193-5p/PIK3CD/LOC110355588 regulatory axes were believed to affect lactation. Collectively, our findings enriched the miRNA expression profile of pigeon and provided novel insights into the microRNA-associated-ceRNA networks regulating crop milk production in pigeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jilan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-628-160-05
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ottens K, Schneider J, Kane LP, Satterthwaite AB. PIK3IP1 Promotes Extrafollicular Class Switching in T-Dependent Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2100-2108. [PMID: 32887751 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PI3K plays multiple roles throughout the life of a B cell. As such, its signaling is tightly regulated. The importance of this is illustrated by the fact that both loss- and gain-of-function mutations in PI3K can cause immunodeficiency in humans. PIK3IP1, also known as TrIP, is a transmembrane protein that has been shown to inhibit PI3K in T cells. Results from the ImmGen Consortium indicate that PIK3IP1 expression fluctuates throughout B cell development in a manner inversely correlated with PI3K activity; however, its role in B cells is poorly understood. In this study, we define the consequences of B cell-specific deletion of PIK3IP1. B cell development, basal Ig levels, and T-independent responses were unaffected by loss of PIK3IP1. However, there was a significant delay in the production of IgG during T-dependent responses, and secondary responses were impaired. This is likely due to a role for PIK3IP1 in the extrafollicular response because germinal center formation and affinity maturation were normal, and PIK3IP1 is not appreciably expressed in germinal center B cells. Consistent with a role early in the response, PIK3IP1 was downregulated at late time points after B cell activation, in a manner dependent on PI3K. Increased activation of the PI3K pathway was observed in PIK3IP1-deficient B cells in response to engagement of both the BCR and CD40 or strong cross-linking of CD40 alone. Taken together, these observations suggest that PIK3IP1 promotes extrafollicular responses by limiting PI3K signaling during initial interactions between B and T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ottens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jalyn Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common types of inherited primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) presenting at any age, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity and cancer. Antibodies are produced by B cells, and consequently, genetic defects affecting B cell development, activation, differentiation or antibody secretion can all lead to PADs. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing approaches have helped identify genetic defects that are involved in the pathogenesis of PADs. Here, we summarize the clinical manifestations, causal genes, disease mechanisms and clinical treatments of different types of PADs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Deenick EK, Lau A, Bier J, Kane A. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying defective antibody responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:467-479. [PMID: 32348596 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune deficiency is caused by genetic mutations that result in immune dysfunction and subsequent susceptibility to infection. Over the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the number of genetically defined causes of immune deficiency including those which affect B-cell function. This has not only identified critical nonredundant pathways that control the generation of protective antibody responses but also revealed that immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are often closely linked. Here we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these rare monogenic conditions that disrupt antibody production, which also have implications for understanding the causes of more common polygenic immune dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Deenick
- Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Lau
- Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Bier
- Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alisa Kane
- Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology and HIV, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Allergy and HIV, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The technological advances in diagnostics and therapy of primary immunodeficiency are progressing at a fast pace. This review examines recent developments in the field of inborn errors of immunity, from their definition to their treatment. We will summarize the challenges posed by the growth of next-generation sequencing in the clinical setting, touch briefly on the expansion of the concept of inborn errors of immunity beyond the classic immune system realm, and finally review current developments in targeted therapies, stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bucciol
- Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Childhood Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, ERN-RITA Core Member, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.,Childhood Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, ERN-RITA Core Member, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Chatila T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Etzioni A, Franco JL, Holland SM, Klein C, Morio T, Ochs HD, Oksenhendler E, Picard C, Puck J, Torgerson TR, Casanova JL, Sullivan KE. Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:24-64. [PMID: 31953710 PMCID: PMC7082301 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the updated classification of Inborn Errors of Immunity/Primary Immunodeficiencies, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 430 inborn errors of immunity, including 64 gene defects that have either been discovered in the past 2 years since the previous update (published January 2018) or were characterized earlier but have since been confirmed or expanded upon in subsequent studies. The application of next-generation sequencing continues to expedite the rapid identification of novel gene defects, rare or common; broaden the immunological and clinical phenotypes of conditions arising from known gene defects and even known variants; and implement gene-specific therapies. These advances are contributing to greater understanding of the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of disease, thereby enhancing immunological knowledge while improving the management of patients and their families. This report serves as a valuable resource for the molecular diagnosis of individuals with heritable immunological disorders and also for the scientific dissection of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying inborn errors of immunity and related human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- King Hassan II University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, d'Inflammation et d'Allergy LICIA at Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Infectiouse Disease Department, Children's Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Talal Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amos Etzioni
- Ruth's Children's Hospital-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Luis Franco
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, APHP, Paris, France
- Paris University, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris University, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|