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Nose S, Sekine M, Tatsuse T, Yamada M. Socioeconomic determinants of long sickness absence affected by work, family, and personal health-related characteristics: A longitudinal study of the Japanese civil servants. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12363. [PMID: 36321370 PMCID: PMC9627362 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sickness absence is increasingly affecting society at different levels. This study explores how work, family, and personal health‐related characteristics will contribute to socioeconomic status (SES) differences in future long sickness absence (7 days or more) with respect to sex differences. Methods A total of 1562 civil servants worked for the Local Japanese government and were considered from 2003 to 2014 for this study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine whether there were employment‐grade differences in long sickness absence after 11 years and whether such SES differences were associated with work, family, and personal health‐related characteristics or sexes. Results Male low‐grade employees had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for long sickness absence (age‐adjusted OR = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.04–2.95]). However, after adjustment for work characteristics, the association of significance disappeared (OR = 1.65, [0.96–2.84]). Female low‐grade employees had a significantly lower OR for long sickness absence after 11 years (OR = 0.26, [0.08–0.86]). Male employees working long hours and male and female employees in high job demand take less sickness absence. Meanwhile, male employees working short hours take longer sickness absence. Conclusions This study showed that male employees at low grades take longer sickness absence than those at high grades; however, this was alleviated by work characteristics. Female employees at low grades take less sickness absence than those at high grades. Japanese female employees with low grades, male employees with long working hours, and both sexes with high job demands take less sickness absence, although they may be unhealthy because of work stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nose
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michikazu Sekine
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tatsuse
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Psychological Maltreatment and Loneliness in Adolescents: Social Ostracism and Affective Experiences. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:3028-3048. [PMID: 34396809 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological maltreatment is an important public health concern that has been linked with a variety of negative psychosocial consequences and adjustment problems in childhood to adulthood. The purpose of the current study sought to explore the direct and indirect associations between psychological maltreatment, social ostracism, affective experiences, and loneliness among high school Turkish adolescents. Participants were comprised of 791 adolescents attending three public high schools in Turkey. Students were mostly male with a mean age of 16.35 (SD = 1.09) years. Findings from the analyses indicated that social ostracism mediated the relationship between psychological maltreatment and both positive and negative affective experiences. Social ostracism and affective experiences mediated the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness. Results of the present study suggest that social ostracism and affective experiences are important mechanisms that may help to understand the impacts of psychological maltreatment on adolescent feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey
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Slavish DC, Jones DR, Smyth JM, Engeland CG, Song S, McCormick NM, Graham-Engeland JE. Positive and Negative Affect and Salivary Markers of Inflammation Among Young Adults. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:282-293. [PMID: 31222631 PMCID: PMC8374836 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood are associated with higher negative affect (NA) and lower positive affect (PA). To our knowledge, the unique associations between NA and PA in daily life and salivary biomarkers of inflammation have not been examined. This study examined these associations in young adults. METHODS Measures of NA and PA were created from aggregated daily measures of affect (morning and evening ratings averaged across 14 days). We investigated associations between these measures and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a sample of 108 young adults (60% female, mean age = 20.45 ± 1.47), a subset of whom had self-reported chronic back pain (n = 49). CRP and IL-6 were determined from saliva obtained at the end of the daily diary period. RESULTS After covarying for age, gender, body mass index, chronic pain status, salivary flow rate, and NA, higher PA was associated with lower salivary CRP (β = - 0.02, 95% CI (- 0.03, - 0.00) sr2 = .06, p = .01) but not IL-6; removing NA from this model did not change results. In a model with the same covariates (and PA), NA was not significantly related to CRP or IL-6. Chronic back pain status and gender did not moderate results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA may be associated with lower salivary CRP in young adults, even after accounting for NA and demographic characteristics. Findings highlight the utility of assessing emotional states in relation to salivary markers of inflammation in future biobehavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunmi Song
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nolan M McCormick
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Cothran FA, Paun O, Barnes LL, Epps F, Schoeny M, Farran CJ. Comparing the Effect of a Moderate Physical Activity Intervention on the Mental Health Outcomes of African American and Caucasian Dementia Family Caregivers: A Secondary Data Analysis. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:996-1004. [PMID: 28956706 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1364807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased attention to the effects of the stressful demands of caregiving on the mental health of dementia caregivers has resulted in the development of numerous interventions. The current study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that tested a 12-month moderate physical activity intervention with dementia caregivers. Our secondary data analysis examined racial differences in caregiver mental health outcomes including subjective burden, depressive symptoms, and positive affect, as well as differences in physical activity. A total of 211 community-dwelling dementia family caregivers were randomly assigned to a 12-month Enhanced Physical Activity (treatment) Intervention (EPAI) or a Caregiver Skill Building (control) Intervention (CSBI). Of these, 34 African American and 80 Caucasian caregivers completed the study. At baseline, race was associated with subjective burden and positive affect, but not with depressive symptoms. Post intervention (12 months), there were no racial differences in subjective burden or depressive symptoms. However, race was significantly associated with decreased positive affect (p = 0.003) and decreased total minutes of physical activity (p = 0.012). Findings suggest that the mental health needs of African American caregivers warrant additional exploration, where physical activity may be of benefit. These findings provide a cultural perspective to consider during intervention development for future nurse-driven research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawn A Cothran
- a Rush University College of Nursing , Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing , 600 S. Paulina St, Rm 1080, Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Olimpia Paun
- b Rush University College of Nursing , 600 S. Paulina St., Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- c Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Fayron Epps
- d Georgia State University , Byrdine F Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Michael Schoeny
- e Rush University, College of Nursing , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Carol J Farran
- e Rush University, College of Nursing , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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Boehm JK, Chen Y, Williams DR, Ryff CD, Kubzansky LD. Subjective well-being and cardiometabolic health: An 8-11year study of midlife adults. J Psychosom Res 2016; 85:1-8. [PMID: 27212662 PMCID: PMC4889157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals who are satisfied and experience frequent positive emotions tend to have reduced risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, conflicting evidence exists and little research has investigated whether well-being is associated with early-warning indicators of biological risk that precede CHD. We investigated whether life satisfaction and positive emotions longitudinally predicted reduced risk of incident cardiometabolic conditions and healthier cardiometabolic risk scores, which may provide insight into underlying mechanisms and novel prevention targets. METHODS Initially healthy men and women (N=754-854) reported their baseline life satisfaction and positive emotions. During follow-up, presence of manifest cardiometabolic conditions was assessed and a separate cardiometabolic risk score was constructed from eight biomarkers. Poisson and linear regression analyses tested whether life satisfaction and positive emotions were associated with reduced incident disease risk and lower cardiometabolic risk scores 8-11years later. RESULTS Life satisfaction and positive emotions were each prospectively associated with reduced risk of manifest conditions, controlling for demographics and family history of CHD. Associations were attenuated for positive emotions after adjusting for depressive symptoms and for life satisfaction after adjusting for health behaviors. Life satisfaction was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk scores until adding health behaviors, but positive emotions were not (regardless of the included covariates). CONCLUSION Well-being, particularly life satisfaction, is associated with reduced risk for incident cardiometabolic conditions in minimally-adjusted models. However, accounting for underlying behavioral pathways attenuates the association. Low levels of life satisfaction (but not positive emotions) may also provide early warning of cardiometabolic risk prior to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115,Department of African and African American Studies and Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706,Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
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Fredman L, Gordon SA, Heeren T, Stuver SO. Positive affect is associated with fewer sleep problems in older caregivers but not noncaregivers. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2013; 54:559-69. [PMID: 23676301 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Older adults who are depressed or are caregivers experience more sleep problems, whereas recent studies suggest that adults with high positive affect (PA) have fewer sleep problems. This study examined whether the associations of PA and depressive symptoms with sleep problems differed between caregivers and noncaregivers. DESIGN AND METHODS Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 92 caregivers to a relative or friend with Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, and 137 noncaregivers aged 60 years and older (mean 73.8±7.9 years) from the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. Sleep problems were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Respondents were categorized as high PA (n = 122), low PA (n = 69), and depressive symptoms (n = 38) based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. RESULTS The mean PSQI score was 5.19 (SD = 3.26) and did not differ by caregiving status. In multivariable linear regression analyses among caregivers, those with high PA had significantly fewer sleep problems than their counterparts with low PA (adjusted mean PSQI score was 4.16 [SE = 0.50] vs. 5.69 [SE = 0.58], p = .05), whereas caregivers with depressive symptoms reported slightly more problems (adjusted mean 6.92 [SE = 0.80], p = .22). High PA and depressive symptoms were not associated with sleep problems among noncaregivers (adjusted mean PSQI scores were 4.88 [SE = 0.35], 5.38 [SE = 0.51], and 5.99 [SE = 0.73], respectively). Similar associations were found with PSQI scale components. IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that routine screening and interventions to increase PA may reduce sleep problems among older caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fredman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts.
| | - Sheryl A Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Sherri O Stuver
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
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