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Scott AM, Johnson NS, Siefkes MJ, Li W. Synergistic behavioral antagonists of a sex pheromone reduce reproduction of invasive sea lamprey. iScience 2023; 26:107744. [PMID: 37810212 PMCID: PMC10550721 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex pheromones impart maximal attraction when their components are present at optimal ratios that confer balanced olfactory inputs in potential mates. Altering ratios or adding pheromone analogs to optimal mixtures may disrupt balanced olfactory antagonism and result in reduced attraction, however, tests in natural populations are lacking. We tested this hypothesis in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a fish whose male sex pheromone attracts females when two critical components, 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) and petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), are present at certain ratios. Here, we report a pheromone analog, petromyzonol tetrasulfate (3sPZS), reduced female attraction to 3kPZS but not to PZS. 3sPZS mixed with additional PZS synergistically disrupted female attraction to the male pheromone and reduced spawning by 97% in a high-density population. Our results provide evidence of balanced olfactory antagonism in a vertebrate and establish a tactic to disrupt spawning of sea lamprey, a destructive invader of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI 49759, USA
| | | | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Cheng J, Chen Q, Guo Q, Du Y. Moth sex pheromones affect interspecific competition among sympatric species and possibly population distribution by modulating pre-mating behavior. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:501-516. [PMID: 35900899 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Premating behaviors mediated by pheromones play pivotal roles in animal mating choices. In natural populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the rice field habitat, we discovered that Z11-16:Ald, a major component of the C. suppressalis pheromone, modulated the premating behavior of C. medinalis. Z11-16:Ald evoked a strong olfactory response in male antennae and strongly inhibited the sex pheromone trapping of male C. medinalis in the field. The functions of three C. medinalis sex pheromone receptor genes (CmedPR1-3) were verified through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. CmedPR1 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z11-18:Ald, as well as the interspecific pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac of sympatric species; CmedPR2 responded to Z13-18:OH and Z13-18:Ald, as well as the sex pheromone compounds Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald of sympatric species; and CmedPR3 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH, as well as the interspecific pheromones Z11-16:OH, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ald of sympatric species. Thus, CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 share the ligand Z11-16:Ald, which is not a component of the C. medinalis sex pheromone. Therefore, the sex pheromones of interspecific species affected the input of neural signals by stimulating the sex pheromone receptors on the antennae of male C. medinalis moths, thereby inhibiting the olfactory responses of the male moths to the sex pheromones. Our results demonstrate chemical communication among sympatric species in the rice field habitat, the recognition of intra- and interspecific sex pheromones by olfactory receptors, and how insect premating behaviors are modulated to possibly affect resource partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshuang Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang FM, Shen ZJ, Schal C, Zhu JJ, Zhou GX, Wang YL, Wang JR, Deng JY, Wan NF. Pheromone antagonism in Plu tella xylostella (Linnaeus) by sex pheromones of two sympatric noctuid moths. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:379-387. [PMID: 34538026 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responses to sex pheromones are commonly antagonized by pheromone components of closely related species. Pheromone antagonism has not been widely explored for phylogenetically distant species that have completely different pheromone components. Yet, pheromone components of sympatrically occurring species may also interfere with each other even if these species are distantly related. Here, the effects of heterospecific pheromones on electrophysiology (electroantennogram, EAG) and behavioral responses were tested on the diamondback moth Plutella xyloslella (Plutellidae) and two sympatric noctuid moth species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua, whose larvae also feed on Brassica crops. RESULTS The sex pheromone blend of P. xyloslella, and its components, did not elicit EAG responses in males of the two noctuid species, while sex pheromone components of the noctuid moths elicited significant EAG responses in P. xyloslella males. In wind tunnel bioassays, both (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE-9,12-14:OAc) and (Z, E)-9, 11-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE-9,11-14:OAc), sex pheromone components from the noctuid moths, inhibited the upwind flight behavior of P. xyloslella males toward an intraspecific pheromone odor source. In Brassica fields, sex pheromone lures of P. xyloslella did not influence trap catches of the noctuid moths, while P. xyloslella pheromone lures baited with either ZE-9,11-14:OAc or ZE-9,12-14:OAc decreased trap catches of P. xyloslella males in a dose-dependent manner. Trap catches of P. xylostella males were also affected by the proximity of ZE-9,11-14:OAc or ZE-9,12-14:OAc to P. xylostella lures. CONCLUSION The uni-directional pheromone antagonism by ZE-9,11-14:OAc and ZE-9,12-14:OAc suggests innovative semiochemical-based strategies for the management of P. xyloslella and other economically important pests in Brassica fields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Min Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zhi-Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Guo-Xin Zhou
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yu-Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jian-Yu Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Nian-Feng Wan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
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Li J, Wang X, Zhang L. Sex pheromones and olfactory proteins in Antheraea moths: A. pernyi and A. polyphemus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21729. [PMID: 32761939 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is essential for regulating the physiological and behavioral actions of insects with specific recognition of various odors. Antheraea moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) possess relatively large bodies and antennae so that they are good subjects for exploring molecular aspects of insect olfaction. Current knowledge of the molecular aspects of Antheraea olfaction is focused on the Chinese tussah silkmoth A. pernyi Guérin-Méneville and another species A. polyphemus (Cramer) in their pheromones, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), odorant receptors (ORs), odorant receptor coreceptors (ORCOs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs). The first insect OBP, SNMP, and ODE were identified from A. polyphemus. This review summarizes the principal findings associated with the olfactory physiology and its molecular components in the two Antheraea species. Three types of olfactory neurons may have specific ORs for three respective sex-pheromone components, with the functional sensitivity and specificity mediated by three respective OBPs. SNMPs and ODEs are likely to play important roles in sex-pheromone detection, inactivation, and degradation. Identification and functional analysis of the olfactory molecules remain to be further performed in A. pernyi, A. polyphemus, and other Antheraea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wanner KW, Moore K, Wei J, Herdlicka BC, Linn CE, Baker TC. Pheromone Odorant Receptor Responses Reveal the Presence of a Cryptic, Redundant Sex Pheromone Component in the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:567-580. [PMID: 32676764 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two odorant receptors (ORs), OnubOR3 and OnubOR6, in the sex pheromone communication systems of E- and Z-strain European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis, were broadly receptive to analogs of their pheromone components. In addition to responding to their natural 14-carbon pheromone components, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates (Z11- and E11-14:OAc), these pheromone ORs responded to the longer-chain compounds, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11- and E11-16:OAc). Z11-16:OAc is a pheromone gland constituent of E-strain O. nubilalis females in Europe but has not previously been shown to have behavioral activity to males. Here, we demonstrate that Z11-16:OAc evokes high levels of upwind flight and source location in E-strain males when substituted for Z11-14:OAc (minor component) in the E-strain blend. Since Z11-16:OAc is found in the gland and has behavioral activity when Z11-14:OAc is missing, then it should be classified as a cryptic, redundant minor pheromone component in E-strain O. nubilalis. The opposite geometric isomer, E11-16:OAc, also functions in Z-strain O. nubilalis, substituting behaviorally for the E11-14:OAc minor component, but has not been found in Z-strain female glands. Single-sensillum recordings showed that sensory neurons of E- and Z-strain male antennae expressing OnubOR3 and OnubOR6 produced responses to these hexadecenyl acetates similar to those evoked by the natural (tetradecenyl acetate) pheromone components. We postulate that the wide responsiveness of these two ORs to the 16-carbon acetates could be a preadaptation for O. nubilalis to use these compounds as minor components in lieu of the respective 14-carbon acetates. Alternatively, the responsiveness of OnubOR3 to E11-16:OAc and OnubOR6 to Z11-16:OAc could represent a vestigial state of these receptors, with the 16-carbon acetates having previously acted as functional minor components in an ancestral blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Wanner
- Department of Plant Science, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Kevin Moore
- Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Jianrong Wei
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,College of Life Science, Hebei University, City, Baoding, China
| | - Brent C Herdlicka
- Department of Plant Science, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Charles E Linn
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Thomas C Baker
- Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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A pheromone antagonist liberates female sea lamprey from a sensory trap to enable reliable communication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7284-7289. [PMID: 32184327 PMCID: PMC7132252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921394117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animals, males deceive females into mating using traits that mimic cues of food, predators, preferred habitats, or offspring in need of care. However, if and how these deceptive signals guide reliable communication without females confusing the mimic and the model remain unclear. We discovered that female sea lamprey discriminate a nonsexual cue of productive habitat from the deceptive male sex pheromone that mimics it and identify a pheromone antagonist as the underlying mechanism. Our results implicate a means by which females can detect and benefit from male deceit and could have applications for control of destructive populations of sea lamprey in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The evolution of male signals and female preferences remains a central question in the study of animal communication. The sensory trap model suggests males evolve signals that mimic cues used in nonsexual contexts and thus manipulate female behavior to generate mating opportunities. Much evidence supports the sensory trap model, but how females glean reliable information from both mimetic signals and their model cues remains unknown. We discovered a mechanism whereby a manipulative male signal guides reliable communication in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Migratory sea lamprey follow a larval cue into spawning streams; once sexually mature, males release a pheromone that mimics the larval cue and attracts females. Females conceivably benefit from the mimetic pheromone during mate search but must discriminate against the model cue to avoid orienting toward larvae in nearby nursery habitats. We tested the hypothesis that spawning females respond to petromyzonol sulfate (PZS) as a behavioral antagonist to avoid attraction to the larval cue while tracking the male pheromone despite each containing attractive 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS). We found 1) PZS inhibited electrophysiological responses to 3kPZS and abated preferences for 3kPZS when mixed at the same or greater concentrations, 2) larvae released more PZS than 3kPZS whereas males released more 3kPZS than PZS, and 3) mixtures of 3kPZS and PZS applied at ratios measured in larval and male odorants resulted in the discrimination observed between the natural odors. Our study elucidates how communication systems that arise via deception can facilitate reliable communication.
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7
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Effect of Lure Combination on Fruit Fly Surveillance Sensitivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2653. [PMID: 30804349 PMCID: PMC6390102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance for invading insect pests is costly and the trapper usually finds the traps empty of the target pest. Since the successful establishment of new pests is an uncommon event, multiple lures placed into one trap might increase the efficiency of the surveillance system. We investigated the effect of the combination of the Tephritidae male lures - trimedlure, cuelure, raspberry ketone and methyl eugenol - on catch of Ceratitis capitata, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Bactrocera tryoni, B. dorsalis, B. aquilonis and B. tenuifascia in Australia and the USA (not all species are present in each country). The increase in trap density required to offset any reduction in catch due to the presence of lures for other Tephritidae was estimated. The effect of increasing trap density to maintain surveillance sensitivity was modelled for a hypothetical population of B. tryoni males, where the effective sampling area of cuelure traps for this species has been estimated. The 3-way combination significantly reduced the catch of the methyl eugenol-responsive B. dorsalis. Unexpectedly, we found that trimedlure-baited traps that contained methyl eugenol had ×3.1 lower catch of C. capitata than in trimedlure-only-baited traps in Australia, but not in Hawaii where no difference in catch was observed, we cannot satisfactorily explain this result. Based on the data presented here and from previous research, combinations of some male lures for the early detection of tephritid flies appear compatible and where there is any reduction in surveillance sensitivity observed, this can be offset by increasing the density of traps in the area.
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8
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Zhang DD, Löfstedt C. Moth pheromone receptors: gene sequences, function, and evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Allen JE, Wanner KW. Asian corn borer pheromone binding protein 3, a candidate for evolving specificity to the 12-tetradecenyl acetate sex pheromone. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 41:141-149. [PMID: 21056664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most moth species in the genus Ostrinia use varying ratios of (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate as their main sex pheromone components. The Asian corn borer is unique within the genus having evolved to use pheromone components with a shift in the location of the double bond, (Z)-12- and (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate. We identified cDNAs representing five pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and two sensory neuron membrane protein genes from an antennal transcriptome. The coding regions of the orthologous genes were cloned from the Asian corn borer and the (E) and (Z) sex pheromone races of the European corn borer. Their nucleotide sequences and transcript expression levels were analyzed to identify candidate genes from the Asian corn borer that may have evolved specificity to the 12-tetradecenyl acetate ligand. PBP2 and PBP3 transcripts were expressed at high male-biased levels. PBP3 had the most nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions resulting in ten amino acid changes. Based on the predicted three-dimensional structure of PBP3, six of these ten amino acid changes occur in domains that may interact with the pheromone ligand. Future studies will determine whether PBP3 has evolved specificity to the Asian corn borer sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Allen
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA.
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Lassance JM. Journey in the Ostrinia world: from pest to model in chemical ecology. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:1155-69. [PMID: 20835755 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a widely recognized pest of agricultural significance over much of the northern hemisphere. Because of the potential value of pheromone-based control, there has been considerable effort devoted to elucidation of the ECB chemical ecology. The species is polymorphic regarding its female-produced pheromone. Partly because of this feature, over the years the ECB has become a model to study pheromone evolution. This review should assist in identifying new areas of pheromone research by providing an overview of the literature produced on this subject for the ECB since the late 1960's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Lassance
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund 22362, Sweden.
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11
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Wanner KW, Nichols AS, Allen JE, Bunger PL, Garczynski SF, Linn CE, Robertson HM, Luetje CW. Sex pheromone receptor specificity in the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8685. [PMID: 20084285 PMCID: PMC2801615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), exists as two separate sex pheromone races. ECB(Z) females produce a 97ratio3 blend of Z11- and E11-tetradecenyl acetate whereas ECB(E) females produce an opposite 1ratio99 ratio of the Z and E isomers. Males of each race respond specifically to their conspecific female's blend. A closely related species, the Asian corn borer (ACB), O. furnacalis, uses a 3ratio2 blend of Z12- and E12-tetradecenyl acetate, and is believed to have evolved from an ECB-like ancestor. To further knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pheromone detection and its evolution among closely related species we identified and characterized sex pheromone receptors from ECB(Z). METHODOLOGY Homology-dependent (degenerate PCR primers designed to conserved amino acid motifs) and homology-independent (pyrophosphate sequencing of antennal cDNA) approaches were used to identify candidate sex pheromone transcripts. Expression in male and female antennae was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. Two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology was used to functionally characterize candidate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. CONCLUSION We characterized five sex pheromone receptors, OnOrs1 and 3-6. Their transcripts were 14-100 times more abundant in male compared to female antennae. OnOr6 was highly selective for Z11-tetradecenyl acetate (EC(50) = 0.86+/-0.27 microM) and was at least three orders of magnitude less responsive to E11-tetradecenyl acetate. Surprisingly, OnOr1, 3 and 5 responded to all four pheromones tested (Z11- and E11-tetradecenyl acetate, and Z12- and E12-tetradecenyl acetate) and to Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, a behavioral antagonist. OnOr1 was selective for E12-tetradecenyl acetate based on an efficacy that was at least 5-fold greater compared to the other four components. This combination of specifically- and broadly-responsive pheromone receptors corresponds to published results of sensory neuron activity in vivo. Receptors broadly-responsive to a class of pheromone components may provide a mechanism for variation in the male moth response that enables population level shifts in pheromone blend use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Wanner
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
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12
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Abstract
A survey of the new environmentally safe strategies used for insect control is presented. The survey includes mating disruption, pheromone antagonists as chemical communication inhibitors, pheromones and plant-based volatiles, attractant-and-kill, and push-pull strategies. Important successes have been obtained, particularly in mating disruption with significant reduction in pesticide use in low to moderate pest infestations. One important factor of concern is the high cost of semiochemicals and formulations containing them in comparison to the conventional insecticide treatments, and a combined effort by scientists, producers, and farmers should be made to reduce the cost of application of these semiochemicals.
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13
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Odor Detection in Insects: Volatile Codes. J Chem Ecol 2008; 34:882-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Pruett ST, Bushnev A, Hagedorn K, Adiga M, Haynes CA, Sullards MC, Liotta DC, Merrill AH. Biodiversity of sphingoid bases ("sphingosines") and related amino alcohols. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1621-39. [PMID: 18499644 PMCID: PMC2444003 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800012-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Sphingosin" was first described by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 and structurally characterized as 2S,3R,4E-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in 1947 by Herb Carter, who also proposed the designation of "lipides derived from sphingosine as sphingolipides." This category of amino alcohols is now known to encompass hundreds of compounds that are referred to as sphingoid bases and sphingoid base-like compounds, which vary in chain length, number, position, and stereochemistry of double bonds, hydroxyl groups, and other functionalities. Some have especially intriguing features, such as the tail-to-tail combination of two sphingoid bases in the alpha,omega-sphingoids produced by sponges. Most of these compounds participate in cell structure and regulation, and some (such as the fumonisins) disrupt normal sphingolipid metabolism and cause plant and animal disease. Many of the naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid bases are cytotoxic for cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms or have other potentially useful bioactivities; hence, they offer promise as pharmaceutical leads. This thematic review gives an overview of the biodiversity of the backbones of sphingolipids and the broader field of naturally occurring and synthetic sphingoid base-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Pruett
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Balanced olfactory antagonism as a concept for understanding evolutionary shifts in moth sex pheromone blends. J Chem Ecol 2008; 34:971-81. [PMID: 18452043 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the sex pheromone communication systems of moths, both heterospecific sex pheromone components and individual conspecific pheromone components may act as behavioral antagonists when they are emitted at excessive rates and ratios. In such cases, the resulting blend composition does not comprise the sex pheromone of a given species. That is, unless these compounds are emitted at optimal rates and ratios with other compounds, they act as behavioral antagonists. Thus, the array of blend compositions that are attractive to males is centered around the characterized female-produced sex pheromone blend of a species. I suggest here that the resulting optimal attraction of males to a sex pheromone is the result of olfactory antagonistic balance, compared to the would-be olfactory antagonistic imbalance imparted by behaviorally active compounds when they are emitted individually or in other off-ratio blends. Such balanced olfactory antagonism might be produced in any number of ways in olfactory pathways, one of which would be mutual, gamma-aminobutyric-acid-related disinhibition by local interneurons in neighboring glomeruli that receive excitatory inputs from pheromone-stimulated olfactory receptor neurons. Such mutual disinhibition would facilitate greater excitatory transmission to higher centers by projection interneurons arborizing in those glomeruli. I propose that in studies of moth sex pheromone olfaction, we should no longer artificially compartmentalize the olfactory effects of heterospecific behavioral antagonists into a special category distinct from olfaction involving conspecific sex pheromone components. Indeed, continuing to impose such a delineation among these compounds may retard advances in understanding how moth olfactory systems can evolve to allow males to exhibit correct behavioral responses (that is, attraction) to novel sex-pheromone-related compositions emitted by females.
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Domingue MJ, Musto CJ, Linn CE, Roelofs WL, Baker TC. Altered olfactory receptor neuron responsiveness in rare Ostrinia nubilalis males attracted to the O. furnacalis pheromone blend. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:1063-71. [PMID: 17624366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three percent of E-strain Ostrinia nubilalis males fly upwind in response to the Ostrinia furnacalis pheromone blend [a 40:60 ratio of (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate to (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (E12-14:OAc to Z12-14:OAc)], in addition to their own pheromone blend [a 99:1 ratio of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate) (E11-14:OAc to Z11-14:OAc)]. We assessed the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) responses of these behaviorally "rare" males versus those of normal males. For the three ORNs housed within each sensillum, we tested responsiveness to Z12-14:OAc, E12-14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc, and the behavioral antagonist (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc). Z11-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc, and Z9-14:OAc stimulated ORNs exhibiting distinct small, large, and medium spike sizes, respectively. For rare and normal males, both Z12-14:OAc and E12-14:OAc usually elicited responses from the largest-spiking ORN. In many ORNs of normal males, Z12-14:OAc or E12-14:OAc stimulated the smaller-spiking ORN that is responsive to Z11-14:OAc. In rare males, detectable ORN responses from the smaller-spiking ORN in response to Z12- and E12-14:OAc were virtually non-existent. These differences in ORN tuning in rare males will tend to create an ORN firing ratio between the large- and small-spiking ORNs in response to the O. furnacalis blend that is similar to that elicited by the O. nubilalis blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Domingue
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Domingue MJ, Musto CJ, Linn CE, Roelofs WL, Baker TC. Evidence of olfactory antagonistic imposition as a facilitator of evolutionary shifts in pheromone blend usage in Ostrinia spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:488-96. [PMID: 17374381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) response was measured to assess why some males ("rare males") of the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, have a broad behavioral response to fly upwind to both the ACB and the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, pheromone blends. We performed single-sensillum electrophysiological recordings on ACB males that had been behaviorally assessed for upwind flight response to the ACB blend [60:40 (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (Z12-14:OAc) to (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (E12-14:OAc)], as well as to ECB (Z-strain) and ECB (E-strain) blends [3:97 and 99:1 (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) to (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc)]. Sensilla from all types of males had large- and small-spike-sized ORNs responding strongly to Z12- or E12-14:OAc, but weakly to Z11- and E11-14:OAc. In the majority of males ("normal males") that flew upwind only to the ACB blend, Z11-14:OAc elicited responses in an intermediate spike-sized ORN associated with behavioral antagonism that is mainly tuned to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc). In the rare-type ACB males that flew to both the ACB and ECB pheromone blends, Z11-14:OAc did not stimulate this ORN. Increased responsiveness to ancestral pheromone components by ORNs associated with behavioral antagonism could be instrumental in reproductive character displacement, or in reinforcement and reproductive isolation during speciation by helping to increase assortative mating between males and females in derived populations that use novel sex pheromone blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Domingue
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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