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Velappan Y, de Simone A, Signorelli S, Considine JA, Foyer CH, Considine MJ. Hydrogen Cyanamide Causes Reversible G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Accompanied by Oxidation of the Nucleus and Cytosol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 37507870 PMCID: PMC10376265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) has been widely used in horticulture to trigger bud burst following dormancy. Its use has been banned in some countries due to human health concerns, however the search for effective safe alternatives is delayed by lack of knowledge of the mechanism of HC action. Earlier studies demonstrate that HC stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alters the rate of cell division. However, the relationships between HC effects on ROS, redox (reduction/oxidation) homeostasis and cell division are unknown. This study used Arabidopsis thaliana ((L.) Heynh.) seedlings expressing the redox reporter roGFP2 to measure the oxidation states of the nuclei and cytosol in response to HC treatment. The Cytrap dual cell cycle phase marker system and flow cytometry were used to study associated changes in cell proliferation. HC (1.5 mM) reversibly inhibited root growth during a 24 h treatment. Higher concentrations were not reversible. HC did not synchronise the cell cycle, in contrast to hydroxyurea. Rather, HC caused a gradual accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decline of G1/S phase cells, 16 to 24 h post-treatment. This was accompanied by increased oxidation of both the nuclei and cytosol. Taken together, these findings show that HC impairs proliferation of embryonic root meristem cells in a reversible manner through restriction of G2/M transition accompanied by increased cellular oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Velappan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ambra de Simone
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Sayago CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - John A Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael J Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Horticulture and Irrigated Agriculture, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
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Wei W, Li Y, Li H, Ma K, Wang L, Gao K. Phytotoxic Diterpenoids from Plants and Microorganisms. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900398. [PMID: 31456316 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phytotoxic natural products with either unique or various structures are one of the most abundant sources for the discovery of potential allelochemicals, natural herbicides, and plant growth regulators. Phytotoxic diterpenoids, a relatively large class of natural products, play an important role in the plant-plant or plant-microorganism interactions. This article argues that the phytotoxic diterpenoids isolated from the plants and microorganisms can either inhibit the seed germination and the growth of plant seedlings or lead to some disease symptoms on the tested plant tissues and plant seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hangying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kailiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liudi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Li P, Ding L, Zhang L, He J, Huan Z. Weisiensin B inhibits primary and lateral root development by interfering with polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:738-745. [PMID: 31010613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Weisiensin B, a new ent-kaurene diterpenoid isolated from Isodon weisiensis (C. Y. Wu) H. Hara, exhibited phytotoxic effects on root growth and lateral root development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Primary root growth and lateral root formation in A. thaliana seedlings were significantly inhibited by 10-20 μM weisiensin B. Additionally, the role of weisiensin B in response to polar auxin transport in A. thaliana roots was investigated using a PIN promoter (PIN::GUS), a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein reporter (PINs::PINs:GFP), and DR5::GUS and DR5::GFP reporter genes. The results indicated that weisiensin B reduced the expression of PIN2, PIN3, PIN4, PIN7, and AUX1 genes and significantly decreased the abundance of PIN2-GFP, PIN3-GFP, PIN4-GFP, PIN7-GFP, and AUX1-GFP fusion proteins at their respective cellular locations, simultaneously causing auxin accumulation in the root apex. These results suggest that weisiensin B interferes with polar auxin transport in A. thaliana roots, resulting in auxin accumulation in the root meristematic cells and the inhibition of root growth and lateral root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, China
| | - Jing He
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, China
| | - Zhaowei Huan
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, China
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oil Citral in Experimental Infection with Staphylococcus aureus in a Model Air Pouch. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2505610. [PMID: 28316634 PMCID: PMC5339496 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2505610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes to implement an alternative and effective strategy for local treatment of disease provoked by S. aureus. For the analysis of possible anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil, after establishing an air pouch model, 48 male mice of Balb/c were treated, infected, and euthanized at 4 and 8 h. Thus, the total and differential white blood cells were counted in the animal's blood, and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were titrated using ELISA in the air pouch lavage. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression was analyzed through an RT-qPCR array, and S. aureus was quantified using qPCR. Our results, p < 0.05, showed that EOC reduced the quantity of microorganisms. The group of mice treated with essential oil citral showed a significant decrease in TNF-α levels in tests demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity. There is no data about the mutual influence of the air pouch model, essential oil citral, and S. aureus. Thus, considering the interaction of these variables and the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil citral, we demonstrated, by alternative local treatment, a new antimicrobial agent that is not an antibiotic.
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Cheng F, Cheng Z, Meng H, Tang X. The Garlic Allelochemical Diallyl Disulfide Affects Tomato Root Growth by Influencing Cell Division, Phytohormone Balance and Expansin Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1199. [PMID: 27555862 PMCID: PMC4977361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a volatile organosulfur compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.), and it is known as an allelochemical responsible for the strong allelopathic potential of garlic. The anticancer properties of DADS have been studied in experimental animals and various types of cancer cells, but to date, little is known about its mode of action as an allelochemical at the cytological level. The current research presents further studies on the effects of DADS on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination, root growth, mitotic index, and cell size in root meristem, as well as the phytohormone levels and expression profile of auxin biosynthesis genes (FZYs), auxin transport genes (SlPINs), and expansin genes (EXPs) in tomato root. The results showed a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on tomato seed germination and root growth under different DADS concentrations. Lower concentrations (0.01-0.62 mM) of DADS significantly promoted root growth, whereas higher levels (6.20-20.67 mM) showed inhibitory effects. Cytological observations showed that the cell length of root meristem was increased and that the mitotic activity of meristematic cells in seedling root tips was enhanced at lower concentrations of DADS. In contrast, DADS at higher concentrations inhibited root growth by affecting both the length and division activity of meristematic cells. However, the cell width of the root meristem was not affected. Additionally, DADS increased the IAA and ZR contents of seedling roots in a dose-dependent manner. The influence on IAA content may be mediated by the up-regulation of FZYs and PINs. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that the expression levels of tomato EXPs were significantly affected by DADS. The expression levels of EXPB2 and beta-expansin precursor were increased after 3 d, and those of EXP1, EXPB3 and EXLB1 were increased after 5 d of DADS treatment (0.41 mM). This result suggests that tomato root growth may be regulated by multiple expansin genes at different developmental stages. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of DADS on the root growth of tomato seedlings are likely caused by changes associated with cell division, phytohormones, and the expression levels of expansin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Lanier C, Manier N, Cuny D, Deram A. The comet assay in higher terrestrial plant model: Review and evolutionary trends. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:6-20. [PMID: 26327498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive technique for the measurement of DNA damage in individual cells. Although it has been primarily applied to animal cells, its adaptation to higher plant tissues significantly extends the utility of plants for environmental genotoxicity research. The present review focuses on 101 key publications and discusses protocols and evolutionary trends specific to higher plants. General consensus validates the use of the percentage of DNA found in the tail, the alkaline version of the test and root study. The comet protocol has proved its effectiveness and its adaptability for cultivated plant models. Its transposition in wild plants thus appears as a logical evolution. However, certain aspects of the protocol can be improved, namely through the systematic use of positive controls and increasing the number of nuclei read. These optimizations will permit the increase in the performance of this test, namely when interpreting mechanistic and physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lanier
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, B.P. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Annabelle Deram
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France.
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Santos CLV, Pourrut B, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The use of comet assay in plant toxicology: recent advances. Front Genet 2015; 6:216. [PMID: 26175750 PMCID: PMC4485349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic study of genotoxicity in plants induced by contaminants and other stress agents has been hindered to date by the lack of reliable and robust biomarkers. The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single-cell level. Due to its simplicity and sensitivity, and the small number of cells required to obtain robust results, the use of plant comet assay has drastically increased in the last decade. For years its use was restricted to a few model species, e.g., Allium cepa, Nicotiana tabacum, Vicia faba, or Arabidopsis thaliana but this number largely increased in the last years. Plant comet assay has been used to study the genotoxic impact of radiation, chemicals including pesticides, phytocompounds, heavy metals, nanoparticles or contaminated complex matrices. Here we will review the most recent data on the use of this technique as a standard approach for studying the genotoxic effects of different stress conditions on plants. Also, we will discuss the integration of information provided by the comet assay with other DNA-damage indicators, and with cellular responses including oxidative stress, cell division or cell death. Finally, we will focus on putative relations between transcripts related with DNA damage pathways, DNA replication and repair, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression that have been identified in plant cells with comet assays demonstrating DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement - Groupe ISA Lille, France
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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Nunes PMP, Silva CBD, Paula CDS, Smolarek FF, Zeviani WM, Chaves SC, Lorini F, Dias JDFG, Miguel OG, Zanin SMW, Miguel MD. Residues of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> (L.) Osbeck as agents that cause a change in antioxidant defense in plants. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>This work aimed to verify the allelopathic potential of the extract of <italic>Citrus</italic> seeds, for the purpose of adding a sustainable value to the fruit seeds toward their use as industrial residues. The extract was obtained with a Soxhlet apparatus by using hexane, chloroform, and methanol as solvents. The hexane extract of the <italic>Citrus</italic> seeds primarily consisted of linoleic acid (36.6%), followed by α-linoleic acid (25.3%), oleic acid (17.8%), palmitic acid (9.7%), and estearic acid (3.3%). The analysis results indicate that the oil is similar to those used in the cosmetics and food industries and has an economic value from its industrial application. In addition, the use of the oil causes changes in the oxidant balance, germination, and growth of plants.</p>
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Hu Y, Li J, Yang L, Nan W, Cao X, Bi Y. Inhibition of root growth by narciclasine is caused by DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest in lettuce seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1113-24. [PMID: 24482192 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Narciclasine (NCS) is an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid isolated from Narcissus tazetta bulbs. Its phytotoxic effects on plant growth were examined in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Results showed that high concentrations (0.5-5 μM) of NCS restricted the growth of lettuce roots in a dose-dependent manner. In NCS-treated lettuce seedlings, the following changes were detected: reduction of mitotic cells and cell elongation in the mature region, inhibition of proliferation of meristematic cells, and cell cycle. Moreover, comet assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay indicated that higher levels NCS (0.5-5 μM) induced DNA damage in root cells of lettuce. The decrease in meristematic cells and increase in DNA damage signals in lettuce roots in responses to NCS are in a dose-dependent manner. NCS-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation may explain an increase in DNA damage in lettuce roots. Thus, the restraint of root growth is due to cell cycle arrest which is caused by NCS-induced DNA damage. In addition, it was also found that NCS (0.5-5 μM) inhibited the root hair development of lettuce seedlings. Further investigations on the underlying mechanism revealed that both auxin and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the response of root hairs to NCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Naren, Zhang P, Ma D, Wang Y, Li S, Yin L. Overexpression of OsDPR, a novel rice gene highly expressed under iron deficiency, suppresses plant growth. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:1082-91. [PMID: 23233223 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary microarray analysis of cDNA from rice roots revealed an up-regulated transcript that was highly expressed in a five-day iron deficiency treatment. The entire sequence of this gene was determined by bioinformatics analysis. There were no proteins with significant levels of similarity detected in public databases. This novel gene with unknown biological function was designated as OsDPR (dwarf phenotype-related gene). We constructed a stable plant expression vector pCAMBIA1302-OsDPR::GFP and produced transgenic tobacco plants. The phenotypes suggested that OsDPR restrained the growth of transformed plants. To understand the mechanisms of this suppression effect, cell size and number were compared between transformants and wild-type plants. The cell proliferation rate was lower in OsDPR transgenic BY-2 cells than in wild-type cells, but OsDPR expression did not affect cell size. Moreover, the cell division-related gene CyclinD2.1, which is involved in plant growth, was down-regulated in transgenic tobacco plants. These findings suggested that the novel iron-regulated gene OsDPR is responsible for the nanism phenotype of transgenic seedlings because of the inhibition of plant cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Soltys D, Rudzińska-Langwald A, Kurek W, Gniazdowska A, Sliwinska E, Bogatek R. Cyanamide mode of action during inhibition of onion (Allium cepa L.) root growth involves disturbances in cell division and cytoskeleton formation. PLANTA 2011; 234:609-21. [PMID: 21573814 PMCID: PMC3162148 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanamide is an allelochemical produced by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Its phyotoxic effect on plant growth was examined on roots of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs. Water solution of cyanamide (2-10 mM) restricted growth of onion roots in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of onion roots with cyanamide resulted in a decrease in root growth rate accompanied by a decrease in accumulation of fresh and dry weight. The inhibitory effect of cyanamide was reversed by its removal from the environment, but full recovery was observed only for tissue treated with this chemical at low concentration (2-6 mM). Cytological observations of root tip cells suggest that disturbances in cell division may explain the strong cyanamide allelopathic activity. Moreover, in cyanamide-treated onion the following changes were detected: reduction of mitotic cells, inhibition of proliferation of meristematic cells and cell cycle, and modifications of cytoskeleton arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Soltys
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rudzińska-Langwald
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kurek
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Kaliskiego 7, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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