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Zilnik G, Bergeron PE, Chuang A, Diepenbrock L, Hanel A, Middleton E, Moretti E, Schmidt-Jeffris R. Meta-Analysis of Herbicide Non-Target Effects on Pest Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2023; 14:787. [PMID: 37887799 PMCID: PMC10607068 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A critical component of integrated pest management is minimizing disruption of biological control by reducing the use of pesticides with significant non-target effects on natural enemies. Insecticide non-target effects testing for natural enemies has become increasingly common, but research examining the non-target effects of herbicides on natural enemies is scarce, and recommendations regarding herbicide selectivity are non-existent. We used meta-analysis to summarize laboratory bioassays testing non-target effects of herbicides on arthropod natural enemies and identify patterns in taxon susceptibility and active ingredient toxicity. Data were extracted from 78 papers representing 801 total observations. Herbicides increased natural enemy mortality and decreased longevity, reproduction, and predation. Mesostigmatan mites and hemipterans were the most sensitive to herbicides, and spiders, neuropterans, and hymenopterans were the least sensitive. Mortality was higher in juvenile predators versus parasitoids but did not differ between adults; parasitoid juveniles are likely better protected within the host. In terms of acute mortality, metribuzin, glufosinate, and oxyfluorfen were the most harmful herbicides. Only nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, pendimethalin, phenmedipham, atrazine, and urea did not increase natural enemy mortality. The large effect size of glufosinate is particularly concerning, as it is the most likely replacement herbicide for glyphosate in many crops. Many active ingredients remain under-studied. Our analysis indicates that herbicides have a strong potential to disrupt biological control in cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilnik
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
| | - Paul E. Bergeron
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.E.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Angela Chuang
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Lauren Diepenbrock
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Aldo Hanel
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.E.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Eric Middleton
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, 9335 Hazard Way Suite 201, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
| | - Erica Moretti
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
| | - Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
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Mullins LR, Brown DJ, Lovsey SR, Bowers TA, Gershman SN. Roundup and immune challenge have different effects on a native field cricket and its introduced competitor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27866-6. [PMID: 37284949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Animals face many natural challenges, and humans have added to this burden by applying potentially harmful herbicides and unintentionally introducing competitors. We examine the recently introduced Velarifictorus micado Japanese burrowing cricket which shares the same microhabitat and mating season as the native Gryllus pennsylvanicus field cricket. In this study, we assess the combined effects of Roundup (glyphosate-based herbicide) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge on both crickets. In both species, an immune challenge reduced the numbers of eggs that the female laid; however, this effect was much larger in G. pennsylvanicus. Conversely, Roundup caused both species to increase egg production, potentially representing a terminal investment strategy. When exposed to both an immune challenge and herbicide, G. pennsylvanicus fecundity was harmed more than V. micado fecundity. Furthermore, V. micado females laid significantly more eggs than G. pennsylvanicus, suggesting that introduced V. micado may have a competitive edge in fecundity over native G. pennsylvanicus. LPS and Roundup each had differing effects on male G. pennsylvanicus and V. micado calling effort. Overall, introduced male V. micado spent significantly more time calling than native G. pennsylvanicus, which could potentially facilitate the spread of this introduced species. Despite the population-level spread of introduced V. micado, in our study, this species did not outperform native G. pennsylvanicus in tolerating immune and chemical challenge. Although V. micado appears to possess traits that make this introduced species successful in colonizing new habitats, it may be less successful in traits that would allow it to outcompete a native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Mullins
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dylan J Brown
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Marion, 1465 Mount Vernon Ave, Marion, OH, 43302, USA
| | - Shelly R Lovsey
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Marion, 1465 Mount Vernon Ave, Marion, OH, 43302, USA
| | - Troy A Bowers
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan N Gershman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Marion, 1465 Mount Vernon Ave, Marion, OH, 43302, USA.
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Ward W, Heinly B, Preston J, Johnson C, Sweger A, Persons M. Lethal and sublethal effects of five common herbicides on the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1565-1582. [PMID: 36462130 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We tested lethal and sublethal effects of five commonly applied herbicides on the agrobiont wolf spider Pardosa milvina. Pardosa were collected from two agricultural fields; one kept under continuous crop rotation and sprayed for over twenty years, the other had no pesticide application for the last twelve years. Male and female Pardosa from each site were exposed to one of seven herbicide treatments (atrazine, glyphosate, mesotrione, S-metolachlor, rimsulfuron, a combination of all five herbicides, or a distilled water control; N = 1201) and maintained for 52 days on the treated soil substrate. We recorded mortality, prey capture behavior, weight change, courtship behavior, and egg sac production across treatments. Mesotrione and the five-herbicide combination showed significantly higher mortality than control substrates while atrazine, glyphosate and S-metolachlor showed significantly higher survival than the control. Both male spiders and spiders collected from the conventional field had reduced survival under some herbicide treatments. Prey capture behavior varied significantly by herbicide treatment, sex, and site. We observed significant weight change differences in males and differences in egg sac production in females, with, compared to the control, significant male weight loss in the rimsulfuron treatment collected from the no herbicide field, and a decrease in egg sac production in rimsulfuron and S-metolachlor treatments among females collected from the no herbicide field. Our results show some herbicides may have modest but significant fitness benefits (atrazine, glyphosate, and S-metolachlor) while others strongly increase the mortality of a generalist predator (mesotrione and the combination herbicide treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ward
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - Briana Heinly
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - Jack Preston
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Sweger
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
- Ecology Program, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Persons
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA.
- Ecology Program, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, USA.
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Schmidt-Jeffris RA, Moretti EA, Bergeron PE, Zilnik G. Nontarget Impacts of Herbicides on Spiders in Orchards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:65-73. [PMID: 34850025 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are key predators in many agroecosystems, including orchards. Despite the importance of spiders in biological control, pesticide nontarget effects on this group are poorly described. This is especially true for herbicides, which spiders frequently encounter as they move between the ground cover and tree canopy. We sought to determine the nontarget effects of seven herbicides used in orchards on three species of spiders that are commonly found in Washington state (USA) orchards: Pelegrina aeneola (Curtis) (Araneae: Salticidae), Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer) (Araneae: Philodromidae), and Phanias watonus (Chamberlin & Ivie) (Araneae: Salticidae). Immature spiders were collected from orchards and used in laboratory assays. Single spiders were placed in vials with dried herbicide residues and mortality was evaluated after 1, 2, and 5 d. We also evaluated herbicide impacts on prey consumption rates and on spider movement using motion-tracking software. Only oxyfluorfen caused significant spider mortality. P. cespitum seemed to be less acutely sensitive to oxyfluorfen than the two salticid species. Several herbicide treatments significantly increased locomotion in P. cespitum, whereas rimsulfuron numerically decreased movement of P. aeneola. Sulfonylurea herbicides (rimsulfuron, halosulfuron) decreased prey consumption of P. aeneola. Our work indicates that although spiders may be less acutely sensitive to some pesticides than beneficial insects, they can be affected by sublethal effects of herbicides. Future work should determine if herbicide applications impact spider abundance in the field and reduce biological control services. In general, more work is needed on the impacts of herbicides on natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica A Moretti
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - Paul E Bergeron
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gabriel Zilnik
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
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Morphospecies Abundance of Above-Ground Invertebrates in Agricultural Systems under Glyphosate and Microplastics in South-Eastern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates are important for diverse soil ecosystem services, which are jeopardized by pesticides and microplastics. In the present study, we aimed to assess above-ground invertebrates’ morphospecies abundance in the presence of glyphosate (GLY), its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and microplastics (MPs). Three land-use systems were analyzed: agricultural systems with and without plastic mulch and pesticides (AwPM, AwoPM) and natural unmanaged farming systems (UF). Soil GLY, AMPA, MP concentrations and above-ground invertebrates were quantified. GLY concentrations were also assessed inside invertebrate tissues. GLY, AMPA and the highest concentration of GLY in invertebrates’ tissue were found only in AwoPM at 0.14–0.45 mg kg−1, 0.12–0.94 mg kg−1 and 0.03–0.26 mg kg−1, respectively. MPs were present as follows: AwPM system (100%, 400–2000 particles kg−1) > AwoPM (70.8%, 200–1000 particles kg−1) > UF (37.5%, 200–400 particles kg−1). No significant correlations were found between soil MPs, GLY and AMPA. There was a significant correlation between MPs and morphospecies from the order Entomobrymorpha (Collembola, R = 0.61, p < 0.05). Limnophila, Mesogastropoda (Gastropoda) and Siphonaptera morphospecies were only present in the UF system. GLY in invertebrate tissue was inversely correlated with soil GLY (R = −0.73, p < 0.05) and AMPA (R = −0.59, p < 0.05). Further investigations are required to understand these phenomena.
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Sentenská L, Cometa M, Pekár S. Effect of bio-insecticide residues and the presence of predatory cues on mating in a biocontrol spider. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129647. [PMID: 33485047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide formulations can cause mortality in natural enemies or have sublethal effects on them, which include alterations in their behaviour and development. Here, we investigated the effect of a bioinsecticide (azadirachtin) and predator cues on mating in a biocontrol spider, Philodromus cespitum. Firstly, adult males were exposed to cues from ants (as predators) or conspecific juveniles (as controls) and those from virgin adult females combined with insecticide residues and we then recorded their selection of the respective surfaces. In an insecticide-free environment, males spent significantly more time on the surface with cues from juveniles and virgin females than on the surface with cues from ants and virgin females. In the environment with ant cues, males did not spend significantly more time on the surface treated with water or insecticide residues. Secondly, adult male and female spiders were exposed to cues from predators and conspecifics and fresh insecticide residuals and we recorded mating behaviour. The presence of ant cues nor the presence of insecticide residues had a significant effect on the mating behaviour. However, the frequency of females biting males was significantly lower on the surface with insecticide residues and ant cues and highest on the surface with ant cues and water treatment. The size of mating plugs (applied to female genitals by males during mating) was not different between ant cues and control, but the plugs were significantly larger on the surface with insecticide residues. We conclude that azadirachtin affected only slightly the perception of predation risk and consequently mating behaviour in P. cespitum. Similarly, presence of ant cues had little effect on mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sentenská
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marzio Cometa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lacava M, García LF, Viera C, Michalko R. The pest-specific effects of glyphosate on functional response of a wolf spider. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127785. [PMID: 33182149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although glyphosate is widely used for weed pest control, it might have negative side effects on natural enemies. Wolf spiders are one of the most representative predators found on soybean crops in Uruguay, preying on a wide variety of potential pests. However, the sublethal effects that pesticides might have on this group have been poorly explored for South American species. Herein, we explored the sublethal effects of glyphosate on the functional response of the wolf spider Hogna cf. bivittata against three potential pest insects, namely ant (Acromyrmex sp.), caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), and cricket (Miogryllus sp.). We contaminated residually adult females of the species Hogna cf. bivittata with glyphosate (Roundup®) and compared their functional response against non-contaminated spiders. We did not observe any mortality during the study. We found that overall Hogna cf. bivittata showed a functional response type II against crickets and caterpillars but no functional response to ants. Contaminated spiders killed less ants and caterpillars in comparison to the control group, probably as a consequence of the irritating effects of glyphosate. We did not observe differences in functional response to crickets at the evaluated densities, probably as a consequence of the low capture rate against this prey. Although glyphosate does not specifically target spiders, it might have negative sublethal effects on native predators such as Hogna cf. bivittata. Further studies should explore effect of glyphosate on other native predators from South American crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariángeles Lacava
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de La República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Luis Fernando García
- Centro Universitario Regional Del Este, Universidad de La República, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay.
| | - Carmen Viera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Ecología del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rodríguez-Gil JL, Prosser RS, Duke SO, Solomon KR. Ecotoxicology of Glyphosate, Its Formulants, and Environmental Degradation Products. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:129-205. [PMID: 34104986 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and biological properties of glyphosate are key to understanding its fate in the environment and potential risks to non-target organisms. Glyphosate is polar and water soluble and therefore does not bioaccumulate, biomagnify, or accumulate to high levels in the environment. It sorbs strongly to particles in soil and sediments and this reduces bioavailability so that exposures to non-target organisms in the environment are acute and decrease with half-lives in the order of hours to a few days. The target site for glyphosate is not known to be expressed in animals, which reduces the probability of toxicity and small risks. Technical glyphosate (acid or salts) is of low to moderate toxicity; however, when mixed with some formulants such as polyoxyethylene amines (POEAs), toxicity to aquatic animals increases about 15-fold on average. However, glyphosate and the formulants have different fates in the environment and they do not necessarily co-occur. Therefore, toxicity tests on formulated products in scenarios where they would not be used are unrealistic and of limited use for assessment of risk. Concentrations of glyphosate in surface water are generally low with minimal risk to aquatic organisms, including plants. Toxicity and risks to non-target terrestrial organisms other than plants treated directly are low and risks to terrestrial invertebrates and microbial processes in soil are very small. Formulations containing POEAs are not labeled for use over water but, because POEA rapidly partitions into sediment, risks to aquatic organisms from accidental over-sprays are reduced in shallow water bodies. We conclude that use of formulations of glyphosate under good agricultural practices presents a de minimis risk of direct and indirect adverse effects in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- IISD - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Godfrey JA, Rypstra AL. Atrazine exposure shifts activity but has minimal effects on courtship in an agrobiont spider. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:499-506. [PMID: 30969405 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of many animals relies upon the input of chemical signals throughout the environment. Those animals that live in close proximity to humans may then be at risk, as the input of anthropogenic chemicals can have significant sublethal effects by masking or altering these naturally occurring signals. While the herbicide atrazine has been found to have the potential to alter such chemical information, research is lacking on how it may impact agrobiont arthropods which are the first and most direct line of exposure. Here we investigated the sublethal effects atrazine may be playing on an agrobiont wolf spider that makes up a major component of agricultural spider communities in the Eastern United States. We exposed spiders to ecologically relevant doses of atrazine and monitored general activity patterns as well as mating behaviors. We found that while sex determined a large portion of activity variation in these predators, both males and females spent more time mobile but at lower speeds in the presence of atrazine. We did not find any evidence for info-disruption based on male courtship rate and mating success, but with increasing dosage of atrazine came shortened bouts of courtship leading to copulation. These results suggest that atrazine changed activity patterns of a wolf spider, which may result in altered foraging, survival, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Godfrey
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Ann L Rypstra
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA
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Niedobová J, Skalský M, Ouředníčková J, Michalko R, Bartošková A. Synergistic effects of glyphosate formulation herbicide and tank-mixing adjuvants on Pardosa spiders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:338-344. [PMID: 30903833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the world's most consumed agrochemicals, and they are commonly used in various agroecosystems, including forests, as well as in urban zones and gardens. These herbicides are sold as formulations containing adjuvants. Other tank-mixing adjuvants (most often surfactants) are commonly added to these formulations prior to application. According to the manufacturers of agrochemicals, such tank mixes (as these are known in agronomic and horticultural practice) have modified properties and perform better than do the herbicides as used alone. The effects of these tank mixes on the environment and on beneficial arthropods are almost unknown. Therefore, we studied whether a herbicide formulation mixed with adjuvant has modified effects on one of the most common genera of ground-dwelling wolf spiders vis-à-vis the herbicide formulation and adjuvants themselves. Specifically, we studied the synergistic effect in the laboratory on the predatory activity (represented by the number of killed flies) of wolf spiders in the genus Pardosa after direct treatment using the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup klasik Pro®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Wetcit®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Agrovital®, and the surfactants alone. We found that pure surfactants as well as herbicide-and-surfactants tank mixes significantly decrease the predatory activity of Pardosa spiders in the short term even as Roundup klasik Pro® did not itself have any such effect. Our results support the hypothesis that plant protection tank mixes may have modified effect on beneficial arthropods as compared to herbicide formulations alone. Therefore, testing of pesticide tank mixes is highly important, because it is these tank mixes that are actually applied to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Niedobová
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Skalský
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01, Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ouředníčková
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01, Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Michalko
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Bartošková
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fiaz M, Martínez LC, Plata-Rueda A, Gonçalves WG, Shareef M, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Toxicological and morphological effects of tebufenozide on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:337-345. [PMID: 30145425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important soybean pest in the Americas. Tebufenozide, a novel nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist is used to control this pest. Bioassays were conducted to assess tebufenozide toxicity and their ultrastructural effects on midgut of A. gemmatalis. The toxicity, survivorship, behavior response, and respiration rate for A. gemmatalis larvae after exposure to tebufenozide were evaluated. Also, A. gemmatalis larvae were treated with LC50 obtained from tebufenozide and changes were observed on their midgut cells after 24, 48 and 96 h. Tebufenozide was toxic to A. gemmatalis (LC50 = 3.86 mg mL-1 and LC90 = 12.16 mg mL-1) and survivorship was 95% for adults that had not been exposed to tebufenozide, decreasing to 52% with LC50 and 27% with LC90 estimated value. Damage to midgut cells was increased with exposure time. These cells show damaged striated border with release of protrusions to the midgut lumen, damaged nuclear membrane and nucleus with condensed chromatin and increase in amount of autophagic vacuoles. Mitochondria were modified into nanotunnels which might be an evidence that tebufenozide induces damage to cells, resulting in cell death, proved by immunofluorescence analyses. This insecticide also caused paralysis movement with change in homeostasis and compromised larval respiration. Thus, sublethal exposure to tebufenozide is sufficient to disturb the ultrastructure of A. gemmatalis midgut, which might compromise insect fitness, confirming tebufenozide a possible controlling insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Muhammad Shareef
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Behrend JE, Rypstra AL. Contact with a glyphosate-based herbicide has long-term effects on the activity and foraging of an agrobiont wolf spider. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:714-721. [PMID: 29247931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals that live in conventional agroecosystems must cope with a variety of anthropogenic chemicals. Most of the focus of toxicology is on lethality, deformities, or short-term shifts in behavior. However, for animals that succeed in spite of their exposure, it is important to determine if long-term changes are brought on by their experience. We tested the hypothesis that contact with a commercial formulation of a glyphosate-based herbicide would affect the behavior of subsequent instars in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina, a species that thrives in the agroecosystems of eastern United States. In one experiment, we housed females carrying egg sacs on a surface treated with the herbicide for 7 h. Then we monitored their activity and foraging of the offspring 4 weeks after emergence. We repeated the same tests on adults that had been housed with herbicide during their penultimate stage. In both studies, exposed spiders displayed higher levels of activity and greater capture success than their unexposed counterparts. Exposure of penultimate instar to herbicide had larger effects on the behavior of adult males than adult females. These results suggest that herbicides have the potential to adjust the behavior of individuals in the predator community. Thus, impact on the food web and their positive or negative potential for biological control may extend beyond their role in controlling weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Behrend
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Ann L Rypstra
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH 45011, USA.
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Cruz RADL, Zanuncio JC, Lacerda MC, Wilcken CF, Fernandes FL, Tavares WDS, Soares MA, Sediyama CS. Side-effects of pesticides on the generalist endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:10064. [PMID: 28855720 PMCID: PMC5577138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha-1, respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3-5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mabio Chrisley Lacerda
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Santo Antônio de Goiás, 75375-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", 18610-307, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávio Lemes Fernandes
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 391000-000, Diamantina, Brazil
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Cárdenas M, Pascual F, Campos M, Pekár S. The Spider Assemblage of Olive Groves Under Three Management Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:509-518. [PMID: 26313956 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olives, Olea europaea L., are one of the most important crops in Spain. They are currently produced under three management systems that involve different aspects of soil and pest management, productivity, and crop economy: organic, (integrated pest management-IPM), and conventional. Here, we studied how these systems affect the spiders, the natural enemies of olive grove pests, and performed a detailed analysis of their assemblage. The study was performed during one season in 18 olive groves in Andalusia, Spain, and included both ground-dwelling and canopy species. We found that the organic system supported a significantly higher level of abundance and diversity of canopy spiders than the IPM and conventional systems. Plowing had a negative effect on spider abundance and diversity. However, the presence of hedge vegetation had a positive effect on the spiders. The practices affected the guild structure differently, with some guilds supported by organic and others by IPM. It is suggested that sustainability (in terms of pest control) in olive grove agroecosystems may be obtained by maintaining hedge vegetation regardless of the management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación Posgrado y Conservación Amazónica, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Vía Napo-Tena Km 2 1/2 Paso Lateral, Puyo, Ecuador. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotláršká 2 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Felipe Pascual
- Department of Zoology, Granada University, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Campos
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotláršká 2 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
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Brown C, Hanna CJ, Hanna CJB. The importance of pesticide exposure duration and mode on the foraging of an agricultural pest predator. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:178-182. [PMID: 25413219 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The striped lynx spider (Oxyopes salticus), is a natural predator of crop pests and therefore frequently encounters pesticides on its substrate and its prey. While pesticide exposure may negatively impact the lifespan of spiders, sublethal effects can also alter their normal behaviors. This study examined how prey capture was affected when spiders and their prey were exposed to bifenthrin and malathion. When spiders were continually exposed to bifenthrin residues, prey capture decreased over time, but mortality was not affected. Malathion exposed spiders, however, showed increased mortality, but their ability to catch prey was unaltered. When spiders encountered pesticide dosed prey, predation was unaffected, implying that spiders are unable to detect residues on prey. These results improve the understanding of how pesticides affect natural pest control and raise questions about the functional roles that spiders play when exposed to different chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Brown
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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