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Sherwood P, Nordström I, Woodward S, Bohman B, Cleary M. Detecting Pathogenic Phytophthora Species Using Volatile Organic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:1749. [PMID: 38675569 PMCID: PMC11052055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There are several highly damaging Phytophthora species pathogenic to forest trees, many of which have been spread beyond their native range by the international trade of live plants and infested materials. Such introductions can be reduced through the development of better tools capable of the early, rapid, and high-throughput detection of contaminated plants. This study utilized a volatilomics approach (solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to differentiate between several Phytophthora species in culture and discriminate between healthy and Phytophthora-inoculated European beech and pedunculate oak trees. We tentatively identified 14 compounds that could differentiate eight Phytophthora species from each other in vitro. All of the Phytophthora species examined, except Phytophthora cambivora, uniquely produced at least one compound not observed in the other species; however, most detected compounds were shared between multiple species. Phytophthora polonica had the most unique compounds and was the least similar of all the species examined. The inoculated seedlings had qualitatively different volatile profiles and could be distinguished from the healthy controls by the presence of isokaurene, anisole, and a mix of three unknown compounds. This study supports the notion that volatiles are suitable for screening plant material, detecting tree pathogens, and differentiating between healthy and diseased material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sherwood
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Ida Nordström
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Steve Woodward
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;
| | - Björn Bohman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden;
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
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2
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Raio A. Diverse roles played by "Pseudomonas fluorescens complex" volatile compounds in their interaction with phytopathogenic microrganims, pests and plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:80. [PMID: 38281212 PMCID: PMC10822798 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens complex consists of environmental and some human opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. It includes mainly beneficial and few phytopathogenic species that are common inhabitants of soil and plant rhizosphere. Many members of the group are in fact known as effective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters and for these attitudes they are of great interest for biotechnological applications. The antagonistic activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas is mainly related to the production of several antibiotic compounds, lytic enzymes, lipopeptides and siderophores. Several volatile organic compounds are also synthesized by fluorescent Pseudomonas including different kinds of molecules that are involved in antagonistic interactions with other organisms and in the induction of systemic responses in plants. This review will mainly focus on the volatile compounds emitted by some members of P. fluorescens complex so far identified, with the aim to highlight the role played by these molecules in the interaction of the bacteria with phytopathogenic micro and macro-organisms and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raio
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano, 10., 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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3
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Jesmin R, Cary JW, Lebar MD, Majumdar R, Gummadidala PM, Dias T, Chandler S, Basu P, Decho AW, Keller NP, Chanda A. Vibrio gazogenes-dependent disruption of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus: the connection with endosomal uptake and hyphal morphogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1208961. [PMID: 37744918 PMCID: PMC10516221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1208961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins, a family of fungal secondary metabolites, are toxic and carcinogenic compounds that pose an enormous threat to global food safety and agricultural sustainability. Specifically agricultural products in African, Southeast Asian and hot and humid regions of American countries suffer most damage from aflatoxin producing molds due to the ideal climate conditions promoting their growth. Our recent studies suggest that Vibrio gazogenes (Vg), an estuarine bacterium non-pathogenic to plants and humans, can significantly inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis in the producers. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying Vg-dependent aflatoxin inhibition using the prominent aflatoxin producer, Aspergillus flavus. We show that aflatoxin inhibition upon Vg treatment was associated with fungal uptake of Vg-prodigiosin, a red pigment, which was consistently visible inside fungal hyphae during treatment. The association of prodigiosin with aflatoxin inhibition was further evident as Serratia marcescens, another prodigiosin producer, significantly inhibited aflatoxin, while non-producers like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio fischeri did not. Also, pure prodigiosin significantly inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis. Endocytosis inhibitors, filipin and natamycin, reduced the Vg-prodigiosin uptake by the fungus leading to a significant increase in aflatoxin production, suggesting that uptake is endocytosis-dependent. The Vg treatment also reduced hyphal fusion (>98% inhibition) and branching, which are both endosome-dependent processes. Our results, therefore, collectively support our theory that Vg-associated aflatoxin inhibition is mediated by an endocytosis-dependent uptake of Vg-prodigiosin, which possibly leads to a disruption of normal endosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W. Cary
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Lebar
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rajtilak Majumdar
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID, United States
| | - Phani M. Gummadidala
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapell Hill, NC, United States
| | - Travis Dias
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Savannah Chandler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Paramita Basu
- New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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4
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Xu R, Huang QY, Shen WH, Li XP, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Volatiles of Shiraia fruiting body-associated Pseudomonas putida No.24 stimulate fungal hypocrellin production. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:427-436. [PMID: 37409170 PMCID: PMC10319174 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocrellins are major bioactive perylenequinones from Shiraia fruiting bodies and have been developed as efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Pseudomonas is the second dominant genus inside Shiraia fruiting bodies, but with less known actions on the host fungus. In this work, the effects of bacterial volatiles from the Shiraia-associated Pseudomonas on fungal hypocrellin production were investigated. Pseudomonas putida No.24 was the most active to promote significantly accumulation of Shiraia perylenequinones including hypocrellin A (HA), HC, elsinochrome A (EA) and EC. Headspace analysis of the emitted volatiles revealed dimethyl disulfide as one of active compounds to promote fungal hypocrellin production. The bacterial volatiles induced an apoptosis in Shiraia hyphal cell, which was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS generation was proved to mediate the volatile-induced membrane permeability and up-regulation of gene expressions for hypocrellin biosynthesis. In the submerged volatile co-culture, the bacterial volatiles stimulated not only HA content in mycelia, but also HA secretion into the medium, leading to the enhanced HA production to 249.85 mg/L, about 2.07-fold over the control. This is the first report on the regulation of Pseudomonas volatiles on fungal perylenequinone production. These findings could be helpful to understand the roles of bacterial volatiles in fruiting bodies and also provide new elicitation method using bacterial volatiles to stimulate fungal secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Yan Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen Hao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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5
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Chandrasekaran M, Paramasivan M, Sahayarayan JJ. Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds: An Alternative for Chemical Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture Development. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010042. [PMID: 36677334 PMCID: PMC9861404 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are exceptional at producing several volatile substances called microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). The mVOCs allow the microorganism to communicate with other organisms via both inter and intracellular signaling pathways. Recent investigation has revealed that mVOCs are chemically very diverse and play vital roles in plant interactions and microbial communication. The mVOCs can also modify the plant's physiological and hormonal pathways to augment plant growth and production. Moreover, mVOCs have been affirmed for effective alleviation of stresses, and also act as an elicitor of plant immunity. Thus, mVOCs act as an effective alternative to various chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The present review summarizes the recent findings about mVOCs and their roles in inter and intra-kingdoms interactions. Prospects for improving soil fertility, food safety, and security are affirmed for mVOCs application for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro 209, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-4026
| | - Manivannan Paramasivan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
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Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds on the Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Related Aflatoxin B1 Production: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415557. [PMID: 36555197 PMCID: PMC9779742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary metabolites of varied chemical nature that are emitted by living beings and participate in their interactions. In addition, some VOCs called bioactive VOCs cause changes in the metabolism of other living species that share the same environment. In recent years, knowledge on VOCs emitted by Aspergillus flavus, the main species producing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly harmful mycotoxin, has increased. This review presents an overview of all VOCs identified as a result of A. flavus toxigenic (AFB1-producing) and non-toxigenic (non AFB1-producing) strains growth on different substrates, and the factors influencing their emissions. We also included all bioactive VOCs, mixes of VOCs or volatolomes of microbial species that impact A. flavus growth and/or related AFB1 production. The modes of action of VOCs impacting the fungus development are presented. Finally, the potential applications of VOCs as biocontrol agents in the context of mycotoxin control are discussed.
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7
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Xu S, Liu K, Qi H, Wang M, Chen X, Berg G, Ma Z, Cernava T, Chen Y. Bacterial-fungal interactions under agricultural settings: from physical to chemical interactions. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:22. [PMID: 37676347 PMCID: PMC10442017 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi are dominant members of environmental microbiomes. Various bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) and their mutual regulation are important factors for ecosystem functioning and health. Such interactions can be highly dynamic, and often require spatiotemporally resolved assessments to understand the interplay which ranges from antagonism to mutualism. Many of these interactions are still poorly understood, especially in terms of the underlying chemical and molecular interplay, which is crucial for inter-kingdom communication and interference. BFIs are highly relevant under agricultural settings; they can be determinative for crop health. Advancing our knowledge related to mechanisms underpinning the interactions between bacteria and fungi will provide an extended basis for biological control of pests and pathogens in agriculture. Moreover, it will facilitate a better understanding of complex microbial community networks that commonly occur in nature. This will allow us to determine factors that are crucial for community assembly under different environmental conditions and pave the way for constructing synthetic communities for various biotechnological applications. Here, we summarize the current advances in the field of BFIs with an emphasis on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sunde Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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8
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Kashyap AS, Manzar N, Nebapure SM, Rajawat MVS, Deo MM, Singh JP, Kesharwani AK, Singh RP, Dubey SC, Singh D. Unraveling Microbial Volatile Elicitors Using a Transparent Methodology for Induction of Systemic Resistance and Regulation of Antioxidant Genes at Expression Levels in Chili against Bacterial Wilt Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020404. [PMID: 35204287 PMCID: PMC8869530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles benefit the agricultural ecological system by promoting plant growth and systemic resistance against diseases without harming the environment. To explore the plant growth-promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 and Bacillus subtilis KA9 in terms of chili plant growth and its biocontrol efficiency against Ralstonia solanacearum, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A closure assembly was designed using a half-inverted plastic bottle to demonstrate plant–microbial interactions via volatile compounds. The most common volatile organic compounds were identified and reported; they promoted plant development and induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. The PDS1 and KA9 VOCs significantly increased defensive enzyme activity and overexpressed the antioxidant genes PAL, POD, SOD, WRKYa, PAL1, DEF-1, CAT-2, WRKY40, HSFC1, LOX2, and NPR1 related to plant defense. The overall gene expression was greater in root tissue as compared to leaf tissue in chili plant. Our findings shed light on the relationship among rhizobacteria, pathogen, and host plants, resulting in plant growth promotion, disease suppression, systemic resistance-inducing potential, and antioxidant response with related gene expression in the leaf and root tissue of chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | | | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Man Mohan Deo
- Farm Machinery and Power, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India;
| | - Jyoti Prakash Singh
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kesharwani
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - Ravinder Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - S. C. Dubey
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi 110012, India;
- Krishi Bhawan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
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9
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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10
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Nicoletti R, Becchimanzi A. Ecological and Molecular Interactions between Insects and Fungi. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010096. [PMID: 35056545 PMCID: PMC8779020 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and fungi represent two of the most widespread groupings of organisms in nature, occurring in every kind of ecological context and impacting agriculture and other human activities in various ways. Moreover, they can be observed to reciprocally interact, establishing a wide range of symbiotic relationships, from mutualism to antagonism. The outcome of these relationships can in turn affect the extent at which species of both organisms can exert their noxious effects, as well as the management practices which are to be adopted to counter them. In conjunction with the launch of a Special Issue of Microorganisms with the same title, this article offers a general overview of the manifold aspects related to such interactions from the perspective of implementing our capacity to regulate them in a direction more favorable for the environment, crop production and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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11
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Sweany RR, Mack BM, Moore GG, Gilbert MK, Cary JW, Lebar MD, Rajasekaran K, Damann Jr. KE. Genetic Responses and Aflatoxin Inhibition during Co-Culture of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:794. [PMID: 34822579 PMCID: PMC8618995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. Non-aflatoxigenic (Non-tox) A. flavus isolates are deployed in corn fields as biocontrol because they substantially reduce aflatoxin contamination via direct replacement and additionally via direct contact or touch with toxigenic (Tox) isolates and secretion of inhibitory/degradative chemicals. To understand touch inhibition, HPLC analysis and RNA sequencing examined aflatoxin production and gene expression of Non-tox isolate 17 and Tox isolate 53 mono-cultures and during their interaction in co-culture. Aflatoxin production was reduced by 99.7% in 72 h co-cultures. Fewer than expected unique reads were assigned to Tox 53 during co-culture, indicating its growth and/or gene expression was inhibited in response to Non-tox 17. Predicted secreted proteins and genes involved in oxidation/reduction were enriched in Non-tox 17 and co-cultures compared to Tox 53. Five secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters and kojic acid synthesis genes were upregulated in Non-tox 17 compared to Tox 53 and a few were further upregulated in co-cultures in response to touch. These results suggest Non-tox strains can inhibit growth and aflatoxin gene cluster expression in Tox strains through touch. Additionally, upregulation of other SM genes and redox genes during the biocontrol interaction demonstrates a potential role of inhibitory SMs and antioxidants as additional biocontrol mechanisms and deserves further exploration to improve biocontrol formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Sweany
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Brian M. Mack
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Geromy G. Moore
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Matthew K. Gilbert
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W. Cary
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Matthew D. Lebar
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (B.M.M.); (M.K.G.); (J.W.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Kenneth E. Damann Jr.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
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12
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Yang L, Wei Z, Li S, Xiao R, Xu Q, Ran Y, Ding W. Plant secondary metabolite, daphnetin reduces extracellular polysaccharides production and virulence factors of Ralstonia solanacearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104948. [PMID: 34802533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants deploy a variety of secondary metabolites to fend off pathogen attack. Certain plants could accumulate coumarins in response to infection of bacteria, fungi, virus and oomycetes. Although coumarins are generally considered toxic to microbes, the exact mechanisms are often unknown. Here, we showed that a plant secondary metabolite daphnetin functions primarily by inhibiting Ralstonia solanacearum extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production and biofilm formation in vitro, through suppressing genes expression of xpsR, epsE, epsB and lexM. Indeed, daphnetin significantly impaired virulence of R. solanacearum on tobacco plants. Transcriptional analysis suggested that daphnetin suppresses EPS synthesis cluster genes expression through transcriptional regulator XpsR. And daphnetin alter mainly virulence factors genes involved in type III secretion system, and type IV secretion system. R. solanacearum lacking EPS synthesis genes (epsB and epsC) that do not produce EPS, showed less virulence on tobacco plants. Molecular docking results indicated that the critical residues of domain in the binding pocket of the EpsB protein interact with daphnetin via conventional hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, we found that daphnetin has potential as a novel virulence inhibitor of R. solanacearum, directly regulates EPS synthesis genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhouling Wei
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shili Li
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuao Ran
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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13
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Rangel LI, Hamilton O, de Jonge R, Bolton MD. Fungal social influencers: secondary metabolites as a platform for shaping the plant-associated community. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:632-645. [PMID: 34510609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites (FSMs) are capable of manipulating plant community dynamics by inhibiting or facilitating the establishment of co-habitating organisms. Although production of FSMs is not crucial for survival of the producer, their absence can indirectly impair growth and/or niche competition of these fungi on the plant. The presence of FSMs with no obvious consequence on the fitness of the producer leaves questions regarding ecological impact. This review investigates how fungi employ FSMs as a platform to mediate fungal-fungal, fungal-bacterial and fungal-animal interactions associated with the plant community. We discuss how the biological function of FSMs may indirectly benefit the producer by altering the dynamics of surrounding organisms. We introduce several instances where FSMs influence antagonistic- or alliance-driven interactions. Part of our aim is to decipher the meaning of the FSM 'language' as it is widely noted to impact the surrounding community. Here, we highlight the contribution of FSMs to plant-associated interaction networks that affect the host either broadly or in ways that may have previously been unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, US Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Olivia Hamilton
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, US Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin D Bolton
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, US Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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14
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Weisskopf L, Schulz S, Garbeva P. Microbial volatile organic compounds in intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:391-404. [PMID: 33526910 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce and excrete a versatile array of metabolites with different physico-chemical properties and biological activities. However, the ability of microorganisms to release volatile compounds has only attracted research attention in the past decade. Recent research has revealed that microbial volatiles are chemically very diverse and have important roles in distant interactions and communication. Microbial volatiles can diffuse fast in both gas and water phases, and thus can mediate swift chemical interactions. As well as constitutively emitted volatiles, microorganisms can emit induced volatiles that are triggered by biological interactions or environmental cues. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries concerning microbial volatile compounds and their roles in intra-kingdom microbial interactions and inter-kingdom interactions with plants and insects. Furthermore, we indicate the potential biotechnological applications of microbial volatiles and discuss challenges and perspectives in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Asadi F, Barshan-Tashnizi M, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Davoodi-Dehaghani F, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B. Enhancement of exopolysaccharide production from Ganoderma lucidum using a novel submerged volatile co-culture system. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:25-31. [PMID: 33317773 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on secondary metabolite pathways, a novel submerged volatile co-culture system was constructed, and the effects of thirteen fungal and bacterial VOCs were investigated on Ganoderma lucidum exopolysaccharides production. The results demonstrated at least a 2.2-fold increase in exopolysaccharide (EPS) specific production yield in 6 days submerged volatile co-culture of G. lucidum with Pleurotus ostreatus. Therefore, P. ostreatus was selected as a variable culture, and the effects of agitation speed, inoculum size, initial pH, and co-culture volume on EPSs production were investigated using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Finally, the highest concentration of EPSs (3.35 ± 0.22 g L-1) was obtained under optimized conditions; initial pH 5.0, inoculum size 10%, 150 rpm, and 3:1 volume ratio of variable culture to main culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barshan-Tashnizi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davoodi-Dehaghani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Netzker T, Shepherdson EMF, Zambri MP, Elliot MA. Bacterial Volatile Compounds: Functions in Communication, Cooperation, and Competition. Annu Rev Microbiol 2020; 74:409-430. [PMID: 32667838 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-011320-015542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria produce a multitude of volatile compounds. While the biological functions of these deceptively simple molecules are unknown in many cases, for compounds that have been characterized, it is clear that they serve impressively diverse purposes. Here, we highlight recent studies that are uncovering the volatile repertoire of bacteria, and the functional relevance and impact of these molecules. We present work showing the ability of volatile compounds to modulate nutrient availability in the environment; alter the growth, development, and motility of bacteria and fungi; influence protist and arthropod behavior; and impact plant and animal health. We further discuss the benefits associated with using volatile compounds for communication and competition, alongside the challenges of studying these molecules and their functional roles. Finally, we address the opportunities these compounds present from commercial, clinical, and agricultural perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Netzker
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; , , ,
| | - Evan M F Shepherdson
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; , , ,
| | - Matthew P Zambri
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; , , ,
| | - Marie A Elliot
- Department of Biology and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; , , ,
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17
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Farh MEA, Jeon J. Roles of Fungal Volatiles from Perspective of Distinct Lifestyles in Filamentous Fungi. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:193-203. [PMID: 32547336 PMCID: PMC7272855 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.02.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VOCs) are not only media for communication within a species but also effective tools for sender to manipulate behavior and physiology of receiver species. Although the influence of VOCs on the interactions among organisms is evident, types of VOCs and specific mechanisms through which VOCs work during such interactions are only beginning to become clear. Here, we review the fungal volatile compounds (FVOCs) and their impacts on different recipient organisms from perspective of distinct lifestyles of the filamentous fungi. Particularly, we discuss the possibility that different lifestyles are intimately associated with an ability to produce a repertoire of FVOCs in fungi. The FVOCs discussed here have been identified and analyzed as relevant signals under a range of experimental settings. However, mechanistic insight into how specific interactions are mediated by such FVOCs at the molecular levels, amidst complex community of microbes and plants, requires further testing. Experimental designs and advanced technologies that attempt to address this question will facilitate our understanding and applications of FVOCs to agriculture and ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Agamy Farh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-53-810-3030, FAX) +82-53-810-4769, E-mail) , ORCID Junhyun Jeon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-4007
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18
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Antagonistic Efficiency of Aspergillus giganteus as a Biocontrol Agent against Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Infecting Maize. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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19
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Pfliegler WP, Pócsi I, Győri Z, Pusztahelyi T. The Aspergilli and Their Mycotoxins: Metabolic Interactions With Plants and the Soil Biota. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2921. [PMID: 32117074 PMCID: PMC7029702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the highly diverse fungal genus Aspergillus are well-known agricultural pests, and, most importantly, producers of various mycotoxins threatening food safety worldwide. Mycotoxins are studied predominantly from the perspectives of human and livestock health. Meanwhile, their roles are far less known in nature. However, to understand the factors behind mycotoxin production, the roles of the toxins of Aspergilli must be understood from a complex ecological perspective, taking mold-plant, mold-microbe, and mold-animal interactions into account. The Aspergilli may switch between saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and the production of secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, may vary according to these fungal ways of life. Recent studies highlighted the complex ecological network of soil microbiotas determining the niches that Aspergilli can fill in. Interactions with the soil microbiota and soil macro-organisms determine the role of secondary metabolite production to a great extent. While, upon infection of plants, metabolic communication including fungal secondary metabolites like aflatoxins, gliotoxin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, and ochratoxin, influences the fate of both the invader and the host. In this review, the role of mycotoxin producing Aspergillus species and their interactions in the ecosystem are discussed. We intend to highlight the complexity of the roles of the main toxic secondary metabolites as well as their fate in natural environments and agriculture, a field that still has important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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20
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Sweany RR, Damann KE. Influence of Neighboring Clonal-Colonies on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3038. [PMID: 32010096 PMCID: PMC6974465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an ascomycete fungus that infects and contaminates corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and treenuts with acutely toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins. The ecological function of aflatoxin production is not well understood; though not phytotoxic, aflatoxin may be involved in resisting oxidative stress responses from infection or drought stress in plants. Observation of aflatoxin stimulation in 48-well plates in response to increasing inoculated wells sparked an investigation to determine if A. flavus volatiles influence aflatoxin production in neighboring colonies. Experiments controlling several culture conditions demonstrated a stimulation of aflatoxin production with increased well occupancy independent of pH buffer, moisture, or isolate. However, even with all wells inoculated, aflatoxin production was less in interior wells. Only one isolate stimulated aflatoxin production in a large Petri-dish format containing eight small Petri dishes with shared headspace. Other isolates consistently inhibited aflatoxin production when all eight Petri dishes were inoculated with A. flavus. No contact between cultures and only shared headspace implied the fungus produced inhibitory and stimulatory gases. Adding activated charcoal between wells and dishes prevented inhibition but not stimulation indicating stimulatory and inhibitory gases are different and/or gas is inhibitory at high concentration and stimulatory at lower concentrations. Characterizing stimulatory and inhibitory effects of gases in A. flavus headspace as well as the apparently opposing results in the two systems deserves further investigation. Determining how gases contribute to quorum sensing and communication could facilitate managing or using the gases in modified atmospheres during grain storage to minimize aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Sweany
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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21
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Fungal Epigenetic Engineering. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41870-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Secreted metabolite-mediated interactions between rhizosphere bacteria and Trichoderma biocontrol agents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227228. [PMID: 31887213 PMCID: PMC6936802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma has been used as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to control a variety of phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and nematodes. Although its mechanism of pathogen suppression has been extensively studied, how Trichoderma interacts with non-target microbes is not well understood. Here, we investigated how two Trichoderma biological control agents (BCAs) interact with rhizosphere bacteria isolated from a tomato plant via secreted proteins, metabolites, and volatile compounds (VCs). Culture filtrates (CFs) of T. virens and T. harzianum, containing secreted proteins and metabolites, strongly inhibited (>75% reduction in growth) 39 and 19, respectively, out of 47 bacterial strains tested. Their CFs inhibited the remaining strains at lower degrees. Both metabolites and proteins are involved in inhibiting bacteria, but they seem to antagonize each other in inhibiting some strains. Trichoderma and bacteria suppressed the growth of each other using VCs. The secretion of antibacterial and antifungal molecules by T. virens and T. harzianum was significantly affected by VCs from some bacteria, suggesting that both Trichoderma BCAs and rhizosphere bacteria use VCs to influence each other in multiple ways. In light of these results, we discuss how metabolite-mediated interactions can potentially affect the effectiveness of biocontrol.
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23
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Zhang T, Li X, Wang M, Chen H, Yao M. Microbial aerosol chemistry characteristics in highly polluted air. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Deveau A, Bonito G, Uehling J, Paoletti M, Becker M, Bindschedler S, Hacquard S, Hervé V, Labbé J, Lastovetsky OA, Mieszkin S, Millet LJ, Vajna B, Junier P, Bonfante P, Krom BP, Olsson S, van Elsas JD, Wick LY. Bacterial-fungal interactions: ecology, mechanisms and challenges. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:335-352. [PMID: 29471481 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria are found living together in a wide variety of environments. Their interactions are significant drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for the health of plants and animals. A large number of fungal and bacterial families engage in complex interactions that lead to critical behavioural shifts of the microorganisms ranging from mutualism to antagonism. The importance of bacterial-fungal interactions (BFI) in environmental science, medicine and biotechnology has led to the emergence of a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field that combines highly diverse approaches including molecular biology, genomics, geochemistry, chemical and microbial ecology, biophysics and ecological modelling. In this review, we discuss recent advances that underscore the roles of BFI across relevant habitats and ecosystems. A particular focus is placed on the understanding of BFI within complex microbial communities and in regard of the metaorganism concept. We also discuss recent discoveries that clarify the (molecular) mechanisms involved in bacterial-fungal relationships, and the contribution of new technologies to decipher generic principles of BFI in terms of physical associations and molecular dialogues. Finally, we discuss future directions for research in order to stimulate synergy within the BFI research area and to resolve outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Deveau
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UMR IAM, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jessie Uehling
- Biology Department, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27705, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94703, USA
| | - Mathieu Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie et Génétique Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS et Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Matthias Becker
- IGZ, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Olga A Lastovetsky
- Graduate Field of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sophie Mieszkin
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UMR IAM, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Larry J Millet
- Joint Institute for Biological Science, University of Tennessee, and the Biosciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Balázs Vajna
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Olsson
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Microbial Ecology group, GELIFES, University of Groningen, 9747 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Li N, Alfiky A, Wang W, Islam M, Nourollahi K, Liu X, Kang S. Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2614. [PMID: 30455673 PMCID: PMC6231246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain Trichoderma strains protect plants from diverse pathogens using multiple mechanisms. We report a novel mechanism that may potentially play an important role in Trichoderma-based biocontrol. Trichoderma virens and T. viride significantly increased the amount/activity of secreted antifungal metabolites in response to volatile compounds (VCs) produced by 13 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne fungus that infects diverse plants. This response suggests that both Trichoderma spp. recognize the presence of F. oxysporum by sensing pathogen VCs and prepare for attacking pathogens. However, T. asperellum did not respond to any, while T. harzianum responded to VCs from only a few strains. Gene expression analysis via qPCR showed up-regulation of several biocontrol-associated genes in T. virens in response to F. oxysporum VCs. Analysis of VCs from seven F. oxysporum strains tentatively identified a total of 28 compounds, including six that were produced by all of them. All four Trichoderma species produced VCs that inhibited F. oxysporum growth. Analysis of VCs produced by T. virens and T. harzianum revealed the production of compounds that had been reported to display antifungal activity. F. oxysporum also recognizes Trichoderma spp. by sensing their VCs and releases VCs that inhibit Trichoderma, suggesting that both types of VC-mediated interaction are common among fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiao Li
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Alsayed Alfiky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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26
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Abstract
Small-molecule signaling is one major mode of communication within the polymicrobial consortium of soil and rhizosphere. While microbial secondary metabolite (SM) production and responses of individual species have been studied extensively, little is known about potentially conserved roles of SM signals in multilayered symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Here, we characterize the SM-mediated interaction between the plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and the two plant-pathogenic fungi Fusarium fujikuroi and Botrytis cinerea We show that cellular differentiation and SM biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi are induced by the bacterially produced lipopeptide ralsolamycin (synonym ralstonin A). In particular, fungal bikaverin production is induced and preferentially accumulates in fungal survival spores (chlamydospores) only when exposed to supernatants of ralsolamycin-producing strains of R. solanacearum Although inactivation of bikaverin biosynthesis moderately increases chlamydospore invasion by R. solanacearum, we show that other metabolites such as beauvericin are also induced by ralsolamycin and contribute to suppression of R. solanacearum growth in vitro Based on our findings that bikaverin antagonizes R. solanacearum and that ralsolamycin induces bikaverin biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi, we asked whether other bikaverin-producing fungi show similar responses to ralsolamycin. Examining a strain of B. cinerea that horizontally acquired the bikaverin gene cluster from Fusarium, we found that ralsolamycin induced bikaverin biosynthesis in this fungus. Our results suggest that conservation of microbial SM responses across distantly related fungi may arise from horizontal transfer of protective gene clusters that are activated by conserved regulatory cues, e.g., a bacterial lipopeptide, providing consistent fitness advantages in dynamic polymicrobial networks.IMPORTANCE Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous neighbors in many environments, including the rhizosphere. Many of these organisms are notorious as economically devastating plant pathogens, but little is known about how they communicate chemically with each other. Here, we uncover a conserved antagonistic communication between the widespread bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and plant-pathogenic fungi from disparate genera, Fusarium and Botrytis Exposure of Fusarium fujikuroi to the bacterial lipopeptide ralsolamycin resulted in production of the antibacterial metabolite bikaverin specifically in fungal tissues invaded by Ralstonia Remarkably, ralsolamycin induction of bikaverin was conserved in a Botrytis cinerea isolate carrying a horizontally transferred bikaverin gene cluster. These results indicate that horizontally transferred gene clusters may carry regulatory prompts that contribute to conserved fitness functions in polymicrobial environments.
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Abstract
The ecological modes of fungi are shaped not only by their intrinsic features and the environment in which they occur, but also by their interactions with diverse microbes. Here we explore the ecological and genomic features of diverse bacterial endosymbionts-endohyphal bacteria-that together are emerging as major determinants of fungal phenotypes and plant-fungi interactions. We first provide a historical perspective on the study of endohyphal bacteria. We then propose a functional classification of three main groups, providing an overview of their genomic, phylogenetic, and ecological traits. Last, we explore frontiers in the study of endohyphal bacteria, with special attention to those facultative and horizontally transmitted bacteria that associate with some of the most diverse lineages of fungi. Overall, our aim is to synthesize the rich literature from nearly 50 years of studies on endohyphal bacteria as a means to highlight potential applications and new research directions.
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Yendyo S, G C R, Pandey BR. Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonasfluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato. F1000Res 2018; 6:2028. [PMID: 29560253 PMCID: PMC5854981 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12448.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Ralstonia spp. is a major pathogenic microbe for tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions. Ralstonia spp. produces several virulence factors helping it to invade the plant's natural defense mechanism. Native isolates of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis can be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results. Methods: Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolate Ralstonia spp. in CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (10 9 cells/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method. Results: It was observed that the isolated Trichoderma spp. AA2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth of Ralstonia spp. , showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival of Ralstonia spp . The results from the field data indicated that Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens alone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection. Bacillus subtilis could only prevent 84 % of the infection. Conclusions: Antagonistic effect against Ralstonia spp. shown by native isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens manifested the promising potential as biocontrol agents. Combined application gave better results. Results shown by Bacillus subtilis were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Yendyo
- Kishan Call Center, Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
| | - Ramesh G C
- Department of Quality Control, Agricare Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
| | - Binayak Raj Pandey
- Department of Quality Control, Agricare Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
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29
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Caballero Ortiz S, Trienens M, Pfohl K, Karlovsky P, Holighaus G, Rohlfs M. Phenotypic responses to microbial volatiles render a mold fungus more susceptible to insect damage. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4328-4339. [PMID: 29721301 PMCID: PMC5916272 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In decomposer systems, fungi show diverse phenotypic responses to volatile organic compounds of microbial origin (volatiles). The mechanisms underlying such responses and their consequences for the performance and ecological success of fungi in a multitrophic community context have rarely been tested explicitly. We used a laboratory‐based approach in which we investigated a tripartite yeast–mold–insect model decomposer system to understand the possible influence of yeast‐borne volatiles on the ability of a chemically defended mold fungus to resist insect damage. The volatile‐exposed mold phenotype (1) did not exhibit protein kinase A‐dependent morphological differentiation, (2) was more susceptible to insect foraging activity, and (3) had reduced insecticidal properties. Additionally, the volatile‐exposed phenotype was strongly impaired in secondary metabolite formation and unable to activate “chemical defense” genes upon insect damage. These results suggest that volatiles can be ecologically important factors that affect the chemical‐based combative abilities of fungi against insect antagonists and, consequently, the structure and dynamics of decomposer communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caballero Ortiz
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Animal Ecology Group University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Monika Trienens
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Animal Ecology Group University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany.,Present address: Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Muenster Muenster Germany
| | - Katharina Pfohl
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Gerrit Holighaus
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Animal Ecology Group University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany.,Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Marko Rohlfs
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Animal Ecology Group University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Population and Evolutionary Ecology Group University of Bremen Bremen Germany
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30
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Schulz-Bohm K, Martín-Sánchez L, Garbeva P. Microbial Volatiles: Small Molecules with an Important Role in Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Interactions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2484. [PMID: 29312193 PMCID: PMC5733050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, research on the function of volatile organic compounds focused primarily on the interactions between plants and insects. However, microorganisms can also release a plethora of volatiles and it appears that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) can play an important role in intra- and inter-kingdom interactions. So far, most studies are focused on aboveground volatile-mediated interactions and much less information is available about the function of volatiles belowground. This minireview summarizes the current knowledge on the biological functions of mVOCs with the focus on mVOCs-mediated interactions belowground. We pinpointed mVOCs involved in microbe-microbe and microbe–plant interactions, and highlighted the ecological importance of microbial terpenes as a largely underexplored group of mVOCs. We indicated challenges in studying belowground mVOCs-mediated interactions and opportunities for further studies and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schulz-Bohm
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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31
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Barkal LJ, Procknow CL, Álvarez-García YR, Niu M, Jiménez-Torres JA, Brockman-Schneider RA, Gern JE, Denlinger LC, Theberge AB, Keller NP, Berthier E, Beebe DJ. Microbial volatile communication in human organotypic lung models. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1770. [PMID: 29176665 PMCID: PMC5701243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We inhale respiratory pathogens continuously, and the subsequent signaling events between host and microbe are complex, ultimately resulting in clearance of the microbe, stable colonization of the host, or active disease. Traditional in vitro methods are ill-equipped to study these critical events in the context of the lung microenvironment. Here we introduce a microscale organotypic model of the human bronchiole for studying pulmonary infection. By leveraging microscale techniques, the model is designed to approximate the structure of the human bronchiole, containing airway, vascular, and extracellular matrix compartments. To complement direct infection of the organotypic bronchiole, we present a clickable extension that facilitates volatile compound communication between microbial populations and the host model. Using Aspergillus fumigatus, a respiratory pathogen, we characterize the inflammatory response of the organotypic bronchiole to infection. Finally, we demonstrate multikingdom, volatile-mediated communication between the organotypic bronchiole and cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla J Barkal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Clare L Procknow
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Mengyao Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - José A Jiménez-Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca A Brockman-Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Tasso Inc., Seattle, WA, 98119, USA.
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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32
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Yendyo S, G.C. R, Pandey BR. Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonasfluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato. F1000Res 2017; 6:2028. [PMID: 29560253 PMCID: PMC5854981 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12448.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Ralstonia spp. is a major pathogenic microbe for tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions. Ralstonia spp. produces several virulence factors helping it to invade the plant's natural defense mechanism. Native isolates of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis can be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results. Methods: Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolate Ralstonia spp. in CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (10 9 cells/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method. Results: It was observed that the isolated Trichoderma spp. AA2 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth of Ralstonia spp. , showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival of Ralstonia spp . The results from the field data indicated that Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens alone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection. Bacillus subtilis could only prevent 84 % of the infection. Conclusions: Antagonistic effect against Ralstonia spp. shown by native isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens manifested the promising potential as biocontrol agents. Combined application gave better results. Results shown by Bacillus subtilis were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Yendyo
- Kishan Call Center, Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
| | - Ramesh G.C.
- Department of Quality Control, Agricare Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
| | - Binayak Raj Pandey
- Department of Quality Control, Agricare Nepal Pvt. Ltd., Bharatpur-4, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
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33
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Rode NO, Soroye P, Kassen R, Rundle HD. Air-borne genotype by genotype indirect genetic effects are substantial in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:1-7. [PMID: 28295032 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotype by genotype indirect genetic effects (G × G IGEs) occur when the phenotype of an individual is influenced by an interaction between its own genotype and those of neighbour individuals. Little is known regarding the relative importance of G × G IGEs compared with other forms of direct and indirect genetic effects. We quantified the relative importance of IGEs in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, a species in which IGEs are likely to be important as air-borne social interactions are known to affect growth. We used a collection of distantly related wild isolates, lab strains and a set of closely related mutation accumulation lines to estimate the contribution of direct and indirect genetic effects on mycelium growth rate, a key fitness component. We found that indirect genetic effects were dominated by G × G IGEs that occurred primarily between a focal genotype and its immediate neighbour within a vertical stack, and these accounted for 11% of phenotypic variation. These results indicate that G × G IGEs may be substantial, at least in some systems, and that the evolutionary importance of these interactions may be underappreciated, especially in microbes. We advocate for a wider use of the IGE framework in both applied (for example, choice of varietal mixtures in plant breeding) and evolutionary genetics (kin selection/kin competition studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Rode
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Soroye
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Kassen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - H D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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34
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Werner S, Polle A, Brinkmann N. Belowground communication: impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil fungi on other soil-inhabiting organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8651-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Raza W, Ling N, Liu D, Wei Z, Huang Q, Shen Q. Volatile organic compounds produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WR-1 restrict the growth and virulence traits of Ralstonia solanacearum. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:103-113. [PMID: 27664728 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by soil microbes have a significant role in the control of plant diseases and plant growth promotion. In this study, we examined the effect of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WR-1 on the growth and virulence traits of tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The VOCs produced by P. fluorescens WR-1 exhibited concentration dependent bacteriostatic effect on the growth of R. solanacearum on agar medium and in infested soil. The VOCs of P. fluorescens WR-1 also significantly inhibited the virulence traits of R. solanacearum. The proteomics analysis showed that the VOCs of P. fluorescens WR-1 downregulated cellular proteins of R. solanacearum related to the antioxidant activity, virulence, inclusion body proteins, carbohydrate and amino acid synthesis and metabolism, protein folding and translation, methylation and energy transfer, while the proteins involved in the ABC transporter system, detoxification of aldehydes and ketones, protein folding and translation were upregulated. This study revealed the significance of VOCs of P. fluorescens WR-1 to control the tomato wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. Investigation of the modes of action of biocontrol agents is important to better comprehend the interactions mediated by VOCs in nature to design better control strategies for plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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36
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Effects of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth and virulence traits of tomato bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7639-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Raza W, Ling N, Yang L, Huang Q, Shen Q. Response of tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum to the volatile organic compounds produced by a biocontrol strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR-9. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24856. [PMID: 27103342 PMCID: PMC4840334 DOI: 10.1038/srep24856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to study the response of plant pathogens to the antibiosis traits of biocontrol microbes to design the efficient biocontrol strategies. In this study, we evaluated the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a biocontrol strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR-9 on the growth and virulence traits of tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). The VOCs of SQR-9 significantly inhibited the growth of RS on agar medium and in soil. In addition, the VOCs significantly inhibited the motility traits, production of antioxidant enzymes and exopolysaccharides, biofilm formation and tomato root colonization by RS. The strain SQR-9 produced 22 VOCs, but only nine VOCs showed 1-11% antibacterial activity against RS in their corresponding amounts; however, the consortium of all VOCs showed 70% growth inhibition of RS. The proteomics analysis showed that the VOCs of SQR-9 downregulated RS proteins related to the antioxidant activity, virulence, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, protein folding and translation, while the proteins involved in the ABC transporter system, amino acid synthesis, detoxification of aldehydes and ketones, methylation, protein translation and folding, and energy transfer were upregulated. This study describes the significance and effectiveness of VOCs produced by a biocontrol strain against tomato wilt pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Liudong Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei Gang Road, No. 1, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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38
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Effect of organic fertilizers prepared from organic waste materials on the production of antibacterial volatile organic compounds by two biocontrol Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains. J Biotechnol 2016; 227:43-53. [PMID: 27067079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Three organic fertilizers made of different animal and plant waste materials (BOFs) were evaluated for their effects on the production of antibacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by two Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains SQR-9 and T-5 against the tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). Both strains could produce VOCs that inhibited the growth and virulence traits of RS; however, in the presence of BOFs, the production of antibacterial VOCs was significantly increased. The maximum inhibition of growth and virulence traits of RS by VOCs of T-5 and SQR-9 was determined at 1.5% BOF2 and 2% BOF3, respectively. In case of strain T-5, 2-nonanone, nonanal, xylene, benzothiazole, and butylated hydroxy toluene and in case of strain SQR-9, 2-nonanone, nonanal, xylene and 2-undecanone were the main antibacterial VOCs whose production was increased in the presence of BOFs. The results of this study reveal another significance of using organic fertilizers to improve the antagonistic activity of biocontrol agents against phytopathogens.
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39
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Spraker JE, Sanchez LM, Lowe TM, Dorrestein PC, Keller NP. Ralstonia solanacearum lipopeptide induces chlamydospore development in fungi and facilitates bacterial entry into fungal tissues. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2317-30. [PMID: 26943626 PMCID: PMC4989320 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a globally distributed soil-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, which shares a broad ecological range with many plant- and soil-associated fungi. We sought to determine if R. solanacearum chemical communication directs symbiotic development of polymicrobial consortia. R. solanacearum produced a diffusible metabolite that induced conserved morphological differentiation in 34 species of fungi across three diverse taxa (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Zygomycetes). Fungi exposed to this metabolite formed chlamydospores, survival structures with thickened cell walls. Some chlamydospores internally harbored R. solanacearum, indicating a newly described endofungal lifestyle for this important plant pathogen. Using imaging mass spectrometry and peptidogenomics, we identified an undescribed lipopeptide, ralsolamycin, produced by an R. solanacearum non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase hybrid. Inactivation of the hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase gene, rmyA, abolished ralsolamycin synthesis. R. solanacearum mutants lacking ralsolamycin no longer induced chlamydospore development in fungal coculture and invaded fungal hyphae less well than wild-type. We propose that ralsolamycin contributes to the invasion of fungal hyphae and that the formation of chlamydospores may provide not only a specific niche for bacterial colonization but also enhanced survival for the partnering fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Spraker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Lowe
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Departments of Bacteriology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sánchez-Fernández RE, Diaz D, Duarte G, Lappe-Oliveras P, Sánchez S, Macías-Rubalcava ML. Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds from the Endophyte Nodulisporium sp. Strain GS4d2II1a: a Qualitative Change in the Intraspecific and Interspecific Interactions with Pythium aphanidermatum. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:347-364. [PMID: 26408189 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates volatile organic compounds (VOCs) production as one of the defense mechanisms of the antagonistic endophyte Nodulisporium sp. GS4d2II1a, and the volatile changes in two times of the fungal growth; and, as result of its intra and interspecific interactions with the plant pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum. The antifungal activity of the volatile and diffusible metabolites was evaluated by means of three types of antagonism bioassays and by organic extract agar dilution. VOCs were obtained by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry from 3- and 5-day Nodulisporium sp. cultures, as well as from its interspecific in vitro antagonistic interaction with the oomycete P. aphanidermatum, and its intraspecific Nodulisporium sp.-Nodulisporium sp. interaction. The GS4d2II1a strain completely inhibited the growth of two fungi and seven oomycetes by replacing their mycelia in simple antagonism bioassays and by producing in vitro volatile and diffusible metabolites that acted synergistically in multiple antagonism bioassays. Additionally, VOCs inhibited the growth of three oomycetes and one fungus in antagonism bioassays using divided plates. A total of 70 VOCs were detected, mainly including mono and sesquiterpenes, especially eucalyptol and limonene. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed four different volatile profiles, showing that volatiles changed with the fungus age and its intra and interspecific interactions. The metabolites produced by Nodulisporium sp. GS4d2II1a could be useful for biological control of fungal and oomycetes plant pathogens of economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Elvira Sánchez-Fernández
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Georgina Duarte
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigación, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lappe-Oliveras
- Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Botánica, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Lydia Macías-Rubalcava
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
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Volatile profiles of healthy and aflatoxin contaminated pistachios. Food Res Int 2015; 74:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rücker
- Institute for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg , Scharnhorststrasse 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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