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Gumus E, Bingol H, Zor E. Nanomaterials-enriched sensors for detection of chiral pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115031. [PMID: 36115205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology have opened new pathways to fabricate novel nanostructures with interesting properties that would be used for different applications. In this respect, nanostructures comprising chirality are one of the most rapidly developing research fields encompassing chemistry, physics and biology. Chirality, also known as mirror asymmetry, describes the geometrical property of an object that is not superimposable on its mirror image. This characteristic plays a crucial role because these identical forms of chiral species in pharmaceuticals or food additives may exhibit different effects on living organisms. Therefore, chiral analysis is an important field of modern chemical analysis in health-related industries that are reliant on the production of enantiomeric compounds involving pharmaceuticals. This review covers the recent advances dealing with the synthesis, design and advantageous analytical performance of nanomaterials-enriched sensors used for chiral pharmaceuticals. We conclude this review with the challenges existing in this research field and our perspectives on some potential strategies with cutting-edge approaches for the rational design of sensors for chiral pharmaceuticals. We expect this comprehensive review will inspire future studies in nanomaterials-enriched chiral sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Gumus
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Bingol
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Konya, Turkey; Department of Chemistry Education, A.K. Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Erhan Zor
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Konya, Turkey; Department of Science Education, A.K. Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey.
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2
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Determination of penicillamine, tiopronin and glutathione in pharmaceutical formulations by kinetic spectrophotometry. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:619-630. [PMID: 36651552 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel and simple method for the determination of penicillamine (PEN), tiopronin (mercaptopropionyl glycine, MPG) and glutathione (GSH) in pharmaceutical formulations by kinetic spectrophotometry has been developed and validated. It is based on the redox reaction where the thiol compound (RSH) reduces CuII-neocuproine complex to CuI-neocuproine complex. The non-steady state signal of the formed CuI- neocuproine complex is measured at 458 nm. The initial rate and fixed time (at 1 min) methods were validated. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range from 8.0 × 10‒7 to 8.0 × 10‒5 mol L-1 for the initial rate method and from 6.0 × 10‒7 to 6.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 for the fixed time method, with the detection limits of 2.4 × 10-7 and 1.4 × 10‒7 mol L-1, resp. Levels of PEN, MPG and GSH in pharmaceutical formulations were successfully assayed by both methods. The advantages of the presented methods include sensitivity, short analysis time, ease of application and low cost.
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3
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Mohammadian E, Rahimpour E, Foroumadi A, Alizadeh-Sani M, Hasanvand Z, Jouyban A. Derivatization of γ-Amino Butyric Acid Analogues for Their Determination in the Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1727-1754. [PMID: 34096806 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1916733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability. Four structurally related drugs to GABA including pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin (GBP), vigabatrin (VGB), and baclofen are used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These drugs are small aliphatic molecules having neither fluorescent nor strong absorbance in the ultraviolet/visible region; therefore, direct determination of these analytes by optical methods is difficult. Additionally, their high boiling point makes gas chromatography impossible. Accordingly, the amine or acid moiety in these drugs is derivatized in order to improve their selectivity and sensitivity during determination in the biological samples. This review focuses on derivatization based methods and their different reactions for determination of PGB, GBP, VGB, and baclofen in the biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations reported between 1980 and 2020. High-performance liquid chromatography methods coupled with different detectors are a commonly used methods for determination of GABA analogs after derivatization. These methods cover 38.89% of all developed methods for determination of GABA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mohammadian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaman Hasanvand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Derayea SM, Samir E. A review on the use of fluorescamine as versatile and convenient analytical probe. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Derayea SM, Gahlan AA, Omar MA, Saleh GA, Haredy AM. Spectrofluorometric determination of alogliptin an antidiabetic drug in pure and tablet form using fluorescamine, a fluorogenic agent: application to content uniformity test. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1028-1035. [PMID: 32588538 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alogliptin is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to a group called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors. As the drug contains a primary amino group in its structure, it readily reacts with fluorescamine in slightly alkaline medium (borate buffer, pH 8.8) to form a highly fluorescent product. Emission of this product was measured at 477 nm (λex = 387 nm). The linear range between the fluorescence intensity and the drug concentration was 0.1-0.5 μg ml-1 with a good correlation coefficient (0.9986). Limits of detection and quantitation were 22 and 72 ng ml-1 , respectively. Guidelines of the International Conference for Harmonisation were followed to validate the developed method with acceptable results. Alogliptin content was determined successfully in its commercial dosage form using the fluorescamine method with good recovery (98.60-101.26%). The method has excellent levels of accuracy and precision compared with the reported method as assessed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. The method was applied successfully for the content uniformity test with high recovery and low relative standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Gahlan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Haredy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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6
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An optical sensor based on inner filter effect using green synthesized carbon dots and Cu(II) for selective and sensitive penicillamine determination. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Fluorescent MUA-stabilized Au nanoclusters for sensitive and selective detection of penicillamine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2629-2636. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Jafari M, Tashkhourian J, Absalan G. Electrochemical sensing of D-penicillamine on modified glassy carbon electrode by using a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Mahajan PG, Kolekar GB, Patil SR. Recognition of D-Penicillamine Using Schiff Base Centered Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles and Application to Medicine Analysis. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:829-839. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-2019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Off-line and On-line Enrichment of α-Aminocephalosporins for Their Analysis in Surface Water Samples Using CZE Coupled to LIF. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-3010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Ngamdee K, Puangmali T, Tuntulani T, Ngeontae W. Circular dichroism sensor based on cadmium sulfide quantum dots for chiral identification and detection of penicillamine. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 898:93-100. [PMID: 26526914 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new chemical sensor based on the measuring of circular dichroism signal (CD) was fabricated from cysteamine capped cadmium sulfide quantum dots (Cys-CdS QDs). The chiral-thiol molecules, d-penicillamine (DPA) and l-penicillamine (LPA), were used to evaluate potentials of this sensor. Basically, DPA and LPA provide very low CD signals. However, the CD signals of DPA and LPA can be enhanced in the presence of Cys-CdS QDs. The CD spectra of DPA and LPA exhibited a mirror image profile. Parameters affecting the determination of DPA and LPA were thoroughly investigated in details. Under the optimized condition, the CD signals of DPA and LPA displayed a linear relationship with the concentrations of both enantiomers, ranging from 1 to 35 μM. Detection limits of this sensor were 0.49 and 0.74 μM for DPA and LPA, respectively. To demonstrate a potential application of this sensor, the proposed sensor was used to determine DPA and LPA in real urine samples. It was confirmed that the proposed detection technique was reliable and could be utilized in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Ngamdee
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Puangmali
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Tuntulani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Ngeontae
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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12
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Wang P, Li BL, Li NB, Luo HQ. A fluorescence detection of D-penicillamine based on Cu(2+)-induced fluorescence quenching system of protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:198-202. [PMID: 25064503 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, a luminescent gold nanoclusters which were synthesized by bovine serum albumin as novel fluorescent probes were successfully utilized for the determination of D-penicillamine for the first time. Cupric ion was employed to quench the strong fluorescence of the gold nanoclusters, whereas the addition of D-penicillamine caused obvious restoration of fluorescence intensity of the Cu(2+)-gold nanoclusters system. Under optimum conditions, the increment in fluorescence intensity of Cu(2+)-gold nanoclusters system caused by D-penicillamine was linearly proportional to the concentration of D-penicillamine in the range of 2.0×10(-5)-2.39×10(-4) M. The detection limit for D-penicillamine was 5.4×10(-6) M. With the off-on fluorescence signal at 650 nm approaching the near-infrared region, the present sensor for D-penicillamine detection had high sensitivity and low spectral interference. Furthermore, the novel gold nanoclusters-based fluorescent sensor has been applied to the determination of D-penicillamine in real biological samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bang Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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13
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Tekkeli SEK, Önal A, Sağırlı A. Spectrofluorimetric determination of tobramycin in human serum and pharmaceutical preparations by derivatization with fluorescamine. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:87-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armağan Önal
- Istanbul University; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 34116 Beyazit Istanbul Turkey
| | - A.Olcay Sağırlı
- Istanbul University; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 34116 Beyazit Istanbul Turkey
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Özyürek M, Baki S, Güngör N, Çelik SE, Güçlü K, Apak R. Determination of biothiols by a novel on-line HPLC-DTNB assay with post-column detection. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:173-81. [PMID: 23062438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel on-line HPLC-DTNB method was developed for the selective determination of biologically important thiols (biothiols) such as L-cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (HCys), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and 1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE) in pharmaceuticals and tissue homogenates. The biothiols were separated on C18 column using gradient elution, reacted with the postcolumn reagent, DTNB in 0.5% M-β-CD (w/v) solution at pH 8, to form yellow-colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB), and monitored with a PDA detector (λ=410 nm). With the optimized conditions for chromatography and the post-column derivatization, 40 nM of NAC, 40 nM of Cys, and 50 nM of GSH can be determined. The relative standard deviations of the recommended method were in the range of 3.2-5.4% for 50 μM biothiols. The negative peaks of biothiol constituents were monitored by measuring the increase in absorbance due to TNB chromophore. The detection limits of biothiols at 410 nm (in the range of 0.04-0.58 μM) after post-column derivatization with DTNB+M-β-CD were much lower than those at 205 nm UV-detection without derivatization, and were distinctly lower than those with post-column DTNB alone. The method is rapid, inexpensive, versatile, nonlaborious, uses stable reagents, and enables the on-line qualitative and quantitative estimation of biothiol constituents of biological fluids and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chen S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Tian H, Zhu W. Multi-addressable photochromic terarylene containing benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide unit as ethene bridge: multifunctional molecular logic gates on unimolecular platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Karakosta TD, Tzanavaras PD. Automated Derivatization of Pharmaceutically Active Thiols Under Flow Conditions Using an o-Phthalaldehyde/Glycine Fluorogenic System and Sequential Injection Analysis. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.551862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Kepekci Tekkeli SE, Önal A. Spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of gemifloxacin in tablets and spiked plasma samples. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:1001-7. [PMID: 20981565 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new, sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin (GFX) in tablets and spiked plasma samples. Gemifloxacin, as a primary amine compound, reacts with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazon (NBD-Cl) (for method A) and fluorescamine (for method B) which are a highly sensitive fluorogenic reagents used in many investigations. For method A, the reaction product was measured spectrofluorimetrically at 516 nm with excitation at 451 nm. The reaction proceeded quantitatively at pH 8.5, 80 °C in 7 min. For method B, the method was based on the reaction between GFX and fluorescamine in borate buffer solution of pH 8.5 to give highly fluorescent derivatives that were measured at 481 nm using an excitation wavelength of 351 nm. The fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the concentration over the range 40-200 ng mL(-1) and 100-1,200 ng mL(-1) for method A and B, respectively. Successful applications of the developed methods, for the drug determination in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked plasma samples, were performed.
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Walash MI, Belal F, El-Enany N, El-Maghrabey MH. Simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of pregabalin in capsules through derivatization with fluorescamine. LUMINESCENCE 2010; 26:342-8. [PMID: 20737649 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of pregabalin (PG) in capsules. The method is based on the reaction between pregabalin and fluorescamine in borate buffer solution of pH 10 to give a highly fluorescent derivative that is measured at 487 nm after excitation at 390 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the reaction product were carefully studied and optimized. The fluorescence intensity concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 0.01-0.3 µg mL⁻¹ with a lower detection limit of 0.0017 µg mL⁻¹ and limit of quantitation of 0.005 µg mL⁻¹. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in its commercial capsules. The mean percentage recovery of PG in its capsule was 99.93±1.24 (n = 3). Statistical comparison of the results with those of the comparison method revealed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the two methods. A proposed reaction pathway was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Abstract
AbstractTwo simple, sensitive and specific fluorimetric methods have been developed for the determination of Penicillamine (PNC), a sulphur containing compound. Method (I) involves the reaction of PNC with 2′,7′-bis(acetoxymercuri)-fluorescein (AMF) in the presence of Kolthoff’s buffer, pH 8.2, with subsequent measurement of fluorescence spectra at 520 nm (λEx 497 nm). Method (II) is based on PNC being oxidized into penicillaminic acid using Cerium (IV) in an acidic medium. Method sensitivity has been improved using sodium triphosphate which enhances the luminescence intensity of Ce(III). Fluorescence spectra were then measured at 348 nm (λEx 293 nm). The reaction conditions and the fluorescence spectral properties have been investigated for both methods. Under the described conditions, the proposed methods were applicable over the concentration ranges 0.0048 − 0.0288 µg mL−1 and 0.096 − 0.288 µg mL−1 with mean percentage recoveries 99.95 ± 1.29 and 100.04 ± 1.10 for methods I and II, respectively. The proposed methods were validated in terms of accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ and robustness and then were successfully applied to the determination of PNC in bulk powder and in capsules as well as in the presence of the related disulphide. The results obtained were determined to be in good agreement with those obtained using a previously reported method.
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Lohani CR, Kim JM, Chung SY, Yoon J, Lee KH. Colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate in 100% aqueous solution by a system comprised of rhodamine B compound and Al3+ complex. Analyst 2010; 135:2079-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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