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Guo X, Yu H, Shen W, Cai R, Li Y, Li G, Zhao W, Wang S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of NO-donor containing photosensitizers to induce ferroptosis of cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105355. [PMID: 34592689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment method for tumors by exciting photosensitizers (PS) upon light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the low oxygen concentration near the tumor tissue limits the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, we synthesized six chlorin e6 derivatives containing NO-donors to enhance their antitumor activity by synergistic effect of ROS and NO. The results revealed that the new NO-donor containing photosensitizers (PS-NO) exhibited more potent photodynamic activity than chlorin e6, and the introduction of NO donor moieties to chlorin e6 increased the level of NO and ROS in cells. The addition of Ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, markedly reduced the photodynamic activity of PS-NO as well as the level of NO and ROS in cells. Mechanism studies further showed that PS-NO could reduce intracellular GSH level, inhibit GPX4 activity and promote malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation upon light irradiation, which suggested the ferroptosis mechanism underlying the PDT effect of PS-NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haoze Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Center of Analysis and Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, China.
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Babu B, Ali TA, Ochappan T, Mack J, Nyokong T, Sethuraman MG. Photocytotoxicity of heavy-atom-free thiobarbituric acid functionalized pyrene derivatives against MCF-7 cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102102. [PMID: 33212264 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two thiobarbituric acid-functionalized pyrene derivatives (P1, P2) have been synthesized to explore the photophysical properties and photodynamic activity of dyes of this type. Both compounds exhibit an intense intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at ca. 470 nm, which is absent in the spectra of the precursor. P1 and P2 exhibit singlet oxygen generation on irradiation with light with moderate singlet oxygen yields of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively, in DMSO. P1 showed better photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 18.3 μM under illumination at 455 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M455L3 LED (330 mW.cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India; Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Thaslima Asraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India
| | - Thivagar Ochappan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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Dong Y, Li G, Wang L, Cao L, Li Y, Zhao W. Anti-tumor evaluation of a novel methoxyphenyl substituted chlorin photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 211:112015. [PMID: 32927294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and innovative therapeutic approach which has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer therapy. As the central element of PDT, the development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) with longer absorption wavelength, proper lipophilic/hydrophilic profiles, target tissue selectivity, and higher photo-/lowest dark-cytotoxicity is a challenging task. Previously, we designed and synthesized a series of novel long-wavelength chlorin e6 (Ce6)-based PSs via introducing aromatic groups to the vinyl of Ce6 skeleton. The new formed compounds with π-extension system exhibited improved photodynamic effects and spectral characteristics. Among these π-conjugated chlorin PSs, (E)-32-(4-methoxyphenyl)-chlorin e6, named A15, was expected to be a potent antitumor candidate as a PDT agent due to its good photobiological properties. Herein, in this work, we evaluated the effectiveness of A15 in cancer PDT. In vitro, a novel rare earth probe, ATTA-Eu3+ was applied to detect the singlet oxygen (1O2) production of A15 in solution and human hepatoma HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, A15 exhibited strong phototoxicity and weak dark cytotoxity to HepG2 cells. In H22 tumor bearing mice, A15 showed excellent tumor accumulation ability via i.v. administration and induced tumor regression, followed by laser treatment. These results indicated that A15 is a potential novel π-extension chlorin-type PS for PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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Lussini VC, Blinco JP, Fairfull-Smith KE, Bottle SE, Colwell JM. Profluorescent nitroxide sensors for monitoring the natural aging of polymer materials. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Blacha-Grzechnik A, Drewniak A, Walczak KZ, Szindler M, Ledwon P. Efficient generation of singlet oxygen by perylene diimide photosensitizers covalently bound to conjugate polymers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Semeraro P, Syrgiannis Z, Bettini S, Giancane G, Guerra F, Fraix A, Bucci C, Sortino S, Prato M, Valli L. Singlet oxygen photo-production by perylene bisimide derivative Langmuir-Schaefer films for photodynamic therapy applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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O'Hagan MP, Morales JC, Galan MC. Binding and Beyond: What Else Can G-Quadruplex Ligands Do? European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); PTS Granada; Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS UK
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Deol H, Kumar M, Bhalla V. Exploring organic photosensitizers based on hemicyanine derivatives: a sustainable approach for preparation of amide linkages. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31237-31245. [PMID: 35548727 PMCID: PMC9085617 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicyanine derivatives C1–C4 have been synthesized and show strong absorption in the visible region, good water solubility, efficient intersystem crossing, a high singlet oxygen quantum yield and high ability to transport electrons from the donor to acceptor. These hemicyanine derivatives were utilized as photocatalysts in additive/base free oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes in mixed aqueous media under visible light irradiation at low catalytic loading. The hemicyanine derivative C4 exhibited recyclability upto four cycles and reusability upto five cycles in oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes. Among all the hemicyanine derivatives, C4 shows a high photocatalytic efficiency due to a high singlet oxygen quantum yield. All the mechanism investigations showed involvement of reactive oxygen species generated by the organic triplet photosensitizer based on hemicyanine derivative for carrying out oxidative amidation of aldehyde. Our results will encourage the design of new “metal free” organic photosensitizers and their application in photocatalysis. Hemicyanine derivatives C1–C4 have been synthesized and utilized as photocatalysts in additive/base free oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes in mixed aqueous media under visible light irradiation at low catalytic loading.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnimarta Deol
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143005
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143005
- India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar 143005
- India
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Metal–organic frameworks as media for the catalytic degradation of chemical warfare agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cao L, Guo X, Wang L, Wang S, Li Y, Zhao W. Synthesis and in vitro phototoxicity of novel π-extension derivatives of chlorin e6. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
32-Aryl substitution generated the maximum wavelength redshift and increased the in vitro phototoxicity against HepG2 cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuhan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Yueqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
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Zang L, Zhao H, Ji X, Cao W, Zhang Z, Meng P. Photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation efficiency and cytotoxic effects of aloe emodin as a blue light photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in dermatological treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1088-1094. [PMID: 28530733 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aloe emodin with anticancer and photosensitising capabilities, excited by blue light, is proposed as a photosensitizer to treat superficial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Ji'nan 250014
- China
| | - Xueyu Ji
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
- Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Peisong Meng
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Zhou Z, Song J, Nie L, Chen X. Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6597-6626. [PMID: 27722328 PMCID: PMC5118097 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1195] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism is the major cause underlying the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT procedure is based on the cascade of synergistic effects between light, a photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen, which greatly favors the spatiotemporal control of the treatment. This procedure has also evoked several unresolved challenges at different levels including (i) the limited penetration depth of light, which restricts traditional PDT to superficial tumours; (ii) oxygen reliance does not allow PDT treatment of hypoxic tumours; (iii) light can complicate the phototherapeutic outcomes because of the concurrent heat generation; (iv) specific delivery of PSs to sub-cellular organelles for exerting effective toxicity remains an issue; and (v) side effects from undesirable white-light activation and self-catalysation of traditional PSs. Recent advances in nanotechnology and nanomedicine have provided new opportunities to develop ROS-generating systems through photodynamic or non-photodynamic procedures while tackling the challenges of the current PDT approaches. In this review, we summarize the current status and discuss the possible opportunities for ROS generation for cancer therapy. We hope this review will spur pre-clinical research and clinical practice for ROS-mediated tumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Liming Nie
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Zhang L, Huang Z, Dai D, Xiao Y, Lei K, Tan S, Cheng J, Xu Y, Liu J, Qian X. Thio-bisnaphthalimides as Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers with Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation and Large Stokes Shifts: Synthesis and Properties. Org Lett 2016; 18:5664-5667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhisong Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongdong Dai
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yansheng Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kecheng Lei
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Liu Y, Buru CT, Howarth AJ, Mahle JJ, Buchanan JH, DeCoste JB, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Efficient and selective oxidation of sulfur mustard using singlet oxygen generated by a pyrene-based metal-organic framework. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2016; 4:13809-13813. [PMID: 28919977 PMCID: PMC5600290 DOI: 10.1039/c6ta05903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene-based metal-organic framework (MOF) NU-1000 was used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of a sulfur mustard simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). Using irradiation from a commercially available and inexpensive ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED), singlet oxygen (1O2) is generated by NU-1000 and selectively oxidizes CEES to the nontoxic product 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO). More importantly, this method was tested on the warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD) for the first time using 1O2 and a MOF catalyst, and this method proved to be effective in oxidizing sulfur mustard to nontoxic products without forming the toxic sulfone by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Cassandra T Buru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ashlee J Howarth
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John J Mahle
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - James H Buchanan
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Jared B DeCoste
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, 5183 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Mari C, Huang H, Rubbiani R, Schulze M, Würthner F, Chao H, Gasser G. Evaluation of Perylene Bisimide-Based RuIIand IrIIIComplexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schulze
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hui Chao
- Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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