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Bravo-Díaz C. Advances in the control of lipid peroxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: kinetic approaches †. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6252-6284. [PMID: 35104177 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2029827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large efforts have been, and still are, devoted to minimize the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation. Much of the early work focused in understanding both the lipid oxidation mechanisms and the action of antioxidants in bulk solution. However, food-grade oils are mostly present in the form of oil-in-water emulsions, bringing up an increasing complexity because of the three-dimensional interfacial region. This review presents an overview of the kinetic approaches employed in controlling the oxidative stability of edible oil-in-water emulsions and of the main outcomes, with particular emphasis on the role of antioxidants and on the kinetics of the inhibition reaction. Application of physical-organic chemistry methods, such as the pseudophase models to investigate antioxidant partitioning, constitute a remarkable example on how kinetic methodologies contribute to model chemical reactivity in multiphasic systems and to rationalize the role of interfaces, opening new opportunities for designing novel antioxidants with tailored properties and new prospects for modulating environmental conditions in attempting to optimize their efficiency. Here we will summarize the main kinetic features of the inhibition reaction and will discuss on the main factors affecting its rate, including the determination of antioxidant efficiencies from kinetic profiles, structure-reactivity relationships, partitioning of antioxidants and concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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2
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Costa M, Paiva-Martins F, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C. Modeling Chemical Reactivity at the Interfaces of Emulsions: Effects of Partitioning and Temperature. Molecules 2021; 26:4703. [PMID: 34361854 PMCID: PMC8348087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk phase chemistry is hardly ever a reasonable approximation to interpret chemical reactivity in compartmentalized systems, because multiphasic systems may alter the course of chemical reactions by modifying the local concentrations and orientations of reactants and by modifying their physical properties (acid-base equilibria, redox potentials, etc.), making them-or inducing them-to react in a selective manner. Exploiting multiphasic systems as beneficial reaction media requires an understanding of their effects on chemical reactivity. Chemical reactions in multiphasic systems follow the same laws as in bulk solution, and the measured or observed rate constant of bimolecular reactions can be expressed, under dynamic equilibrium conditions, in terms of the product of the rate constant and of the concentrations of reactants. In emulsions, reactants distribute between the oil, water, and interfacial regions according to their polarity. However, determining the distributions of reactive components in intact emulsions is arduous because it is physically impossible to separate the interfacial region from the oil and aqueous ones without disrupting the existing equilibria and, therefore, need to be determined in the intact emulsions. The challenge is, thus, to develop models to correctly interpret chemical reactivity. Here, we will review the application of the pseudophase kinetic model to emulsions, which allows us to model chemical reactivity under a variety of experimental conditions and, by carrying out an appropriate kinetic analysis, will provide important kineticparameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Departamento de Química—Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento de Química—Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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3
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Costa M, Freiría-Gándara J, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Aliaga C, Bravo-Díaz C. Interfacial kinetics in olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions: Relationships between rates of initiation of lipid peroxidation, induction times and effective interfacial antioxidant concentrations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:248-259. [PMID: 34271487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A detailed quantitative description of the effects of antioxidants in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in oil-in-water emulsions can be achieved by determining the relationships between the rates of initiation of the lipid peroxidation reaction, the length of the induction period preceding the propagation step of the radical oxidation process and the effective antioxidant interfacial concentrations. EXPERIMENTS We successfully prepared and characterized a series of olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions and allowed them to spontaneously oxidize. Their oxidative stability was evaluated by carrying out in the presence, and absence, of antioxidants derived from gallic acid, by monitoring the formation of primary oxidation products with time, by determining the corresponding induction periods, and by determining the effective interfacial concentrations of the antioxidants in the intact emulsions. FINDINGS Results show that both, the length of the induction periods and the antioxidant interfacial concentrations change concomitantly, increasing with the hydrophobicity of the antioxidant up to a maximum at the octyl derivative; longer aliphatic chains decrease their efficiency. The ratio between the interfacial antioxidant concentration and the induction period remains constant independently of the antioxidant, demonstrating that the effective concentrations of antioxidant at the interface control their efficiencies in emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; University of Vigo, Chemistry Faculty, Dept. of Physical-Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- Requimte-Laqv, University of Porto, Science Faculty, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, Cedenna, Av. B.O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- University of Vigo, Chemistry Faculty, Dept. of Physical-Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Akari AS, Hodgson GK, Golian KP, Impellizzeri S. Photochemical Insights on Intramolecular Dye‐Sensitized Free‐Radical Processes with a Quinoline Antenna. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aviya S. Akari
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Gregory K. Hodgson
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Karol P. Golian
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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Costa M, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Bravo-Díaz C. Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Lipid Emulsions: Partitioning Effects and Interfacial Phenomena. Foods 2021; 10:539. [PMID: 33807705 PMCID: PMC8001919 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoxidation of lipids in complex systems such as emulsions or biological membranes, although known to occur readily and to be associated with important pathological events, is lacking in quantitative data in spite of the huge efforts that have been made in attempting to unravel the complex mechanisms of lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants. Lipids are present as oil-in-water emulsions in many foods and pharmaceutical formulations, and the prevalent role of the interfacial region is critical to understand the antioxidant behavior and to correctly interpret antioxidant efficiencies. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the chemical fate of antioxidants before they react with peroxyl radicals. Many researchers highlighted the predominant role of interfaces, and although some attempts have been made to understand their role, in most instances, they were essentially qualitative and based on putative hypotheses. It is only recently that quantitative reports have been published. Indeed, knowledge on the effects of relevant experimental variables on the effective concentrations of antioxidants is necessary for a successful design of alternate, effective antioxidative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
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Golian KP, Akari AS, Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S. Fluorescence activation, patterning and enhancement with photogenerated radicals, a prefluorescent probe and silver nanostructures. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a switchable fluorophore activated by UVA light and a radical initiator, for optical lithography with concomitant metal-enhanced fluorescence by silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Golian
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Aviya S. Akari
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Gregory K. Hodgson
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
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Coman AG, Stavarache C, Paun A, Popescu CC, Hădade ND, Ionita P, Matache M. A novel profluorescent paramagnetic diaza-crown ether: synthesis, characterization and alkaline metal-ion complexation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6078-6083. [PMID: 35517289 PMCID: PMC9060903 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from Kryptofix 22 two different branches were covalently attached through the nitrogen atoms, one containing a fluorescent moiety and the other the stable free radical TEMPO. The novel derivative exhibits fluorescence and paramagnetic properties, while the diaza-crown part ensures the affinity for alkaline metal-ions. Starting from Kryptofix 22 two different branches were covalently attached through the nitrogen atoms, one containing a fluorescent moiety and the other the stable free radical TEMPO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca G Coman
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Cristina Stavarache
- Institute of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitescu" of the Romanian Academy 202B Spl. Independentei 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Anca Paun
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Codruţa C Popescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Niculina D Hădade
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, "Babes-Bolyai" University 11 Arany Janos Str. RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania .,Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" 202 Splaiul Independentei Bucharest Romania
| | - Mihaela Matache
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
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Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Dębowska K, Pięta J, Michalski R, Marcinek A, Sikora A. Fluorescent probes for the detection of nitroxyl (HNO). Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:69-83. [PMID: 29704623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), which according to the IUPAC recommended nomenclature should be named azanone, is the protonated one-electron reduction product of nitric oxide. Recently, it has gained a considerable attention due to the interesting pharmacological effects of its donors. Although there has been great progress in the understanding of HNO chemistry and chemical biology, it still remains the most elusive reactive nitrogen species, and its selective detection is a real challenge. The development of reliable methodologies for the direct detection of azanone is essential for the understanding of important signaling properties of this reactive intermediate and its pharmacological potential. Over the last decade, there has been considerable progress in the development of low-molecular-weight fluorogenic probes for the detection of HNO, and therefore, in this review, we have focused on the challenges and limitations of and perspectives on nitroxyl detection based on the use of such probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Smulik-Izydorczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Sienkiewicz A, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C. Partitioning of aryl radicals in micellar systems. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Department of Adsorption, Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | | | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Department Química-Física, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
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10
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Aliaga C, Michea S, Pastenes C, Salazar J, Rezende MC. On the interactions of TEMPO radicals with gold nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide radicals do not bind with Au nanostructures through the –NO˙ moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Aliaga
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago de Chile
- Chile
| | - S. Michea
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA
- Chile
| | - C. Pastenes
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago de Chile
- Chile
| | - J. Salazar
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - M. C. Rezende
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago de Chile
- Chile
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