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Önal E, Tüncel Ö, Erdoğan Vatansever İ, Albakour M, Gümüşgöz
Çelik G, Küçük T, Akgül B, Gürek AG, Özçelik S. Development of AB 3-Type Novel Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Photosensitizers Conjugated with Triphenylphosphonium for Higher Photodynamic Efficacy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39404-39416. [PMID: 36340065 PMCID: PMC9631755 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of lipophilic cations that can be chosen; the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion is particularly unique for mitochondrion targeting, mainly due to its simplicity in structure and ease to be linked to the target molecules. In this work, mitochondrion-targeted AB3-type novel phthalocyanine and porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) were synthesized and their photophysical photochemical properties were defined. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) are 0.009, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.13, and the singlet-oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) are 0.27, 0.75, 0.57, and 0.58 for LuPcPox(OAc), AB 3 TPP-Pc, AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, and AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, respectively. To evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of the TPP-conjugated PS cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were comparatively measured and IC-50 values were determined. AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, and AB 3 TPP-Pc compounds compared to the reference molecules ZnPc and H 2 TPP were found to be highly cytotoxic (sub-micromolar concentration) under the light. LuPcPox(OAc) is the most effective molecule regarding cell killing (the activity). The cell killing of the TPP-conjugated porphyrin derivatives exhibits a similar response compared to LuPcPox(OAc) when the light absorbing factor of the PS is normalized at 660 nm: TPP-conjugated porphyrins absorb less light (lower extinction coefficient) but produce more radical species (higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield) and therefore effectively kill the cells. The singlet oxygen-producing capacity of AB 3 TPP-Pc is almost 3 times higher compared to LuPcPox(OAc) and 50% more efficient with respect to ZnPc, suggesting that TPP-conjugated phthalocyanine may serve as a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The high singlet oxygen generation capacity of these novel TPP-conjugated porphyrin and phthalocyanine PS suggests that they might be useful for PDT requiring lower photosensitizer concentration and reduced energy deposited through less light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Önal
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering, Doğuş University, Ümraniye, Istanbul 34775, Turkey
| | - Özge Tüncel
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - İpek Erdoğan Vatansever
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Albakour
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gümüşgöz
Çelik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçük
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Özçelik
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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Aru B, Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Harmandar K, Şahin B, Gürek AG, Atilla D, Yanıkkaya Demirel G. Chemo-photodynamic Activity of Silicon Phthalocyanines Bearing Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3936-3950. [PMID: 35802827 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most lethal cancer worldwide, resulting in over 1 million cases and 900 000 deaths per year. According to population-based studies, administration of long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was proven to reduce the risk of a subject developing colorectal cancer. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of two different NSAIDs, sulindac- (Pc-1) or diclofenac-substituted (Pc-2) asymmetric silicon phthalocyanine derivatives, was evaluated in four different colorectal cancer cell lines bearing various carcinogenic mutations. In this context, the IC50 values of each compound after 24 and 48 h were determined on HCT116, SW480, LoVo, and HT29 cell lines, and the effects of the compounds on programmed cell death pathways apoptosis and autophagy, their impact on cell cycle progression, and the effect of NSAID moieties they bear on COX-1 and COX-2 proteins were analyzed. In addition, the photophysical and photochemical properties of a synthesized Pc derivative bearing axial diclofenac and triethylene glycol groups (Pc-2) have been investigated, and the compound has been characterized by using different analytical techniques. Our results indicated that both compounds inhibit COX protein expression levels, activate apoptosis in all cell lines, and lead to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, depending on the COX expression profiles of the cell lines, indicating that NSAIDs can be coupled with Pc's to achieve increased anti-cancer activity, especially on cancer cells known to have high COX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Department, Yeditepe University, 34755 Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kevser Harmandar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Belgin Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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3
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Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Gonca S, Şahin B, Özdemir S, Atilla D, Gürek AG. Novel axially symmetric and unsymmetric silicon(IV) phthalocyanines having anti-inflammatory groups: synthesis, characterization and their biological properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7517-7529. [PMID: 35506506 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New asymmetric Si(IV)Pc (1), monomeloxicammonotriethyleneglycolmonomethylether (phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with meloxicam as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and symmetric Si(IV)Pc (2), diclofenac(phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with two diclofenac as NSAID, were synthesized and characterized as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents together with polyoxo-SiPc (3), ditriethyleneglycolmonomethylether(phthalocyaninano)silicone, and SiPc(OH)2 (4), dihydroxy(phthalocyaninano)silicone. The photophysical and photochemical properties of these compounds were investigated. Then, antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating activities, were performed for these Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivatives (1, 2, 3 and 4). The highest DPPH scavenging activity of 73.48% was achieved with compound 2 and the highest ferrous chelating ability of 66.42% was obtained with compound 3. The results of the antioxidant assays indicated that Pc derivatives 1, 2 and 3 have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, and moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating activities. The antimicrobial effects of the Si(IV) phthalocyanine compounds were studied against six pathogenic bacteria and two pathogenic microfungi. The results for the antimicrobial activity of these compounds indicated that Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was the most sensitive microorganism and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (ATCC 33152) were the most resistant microorganisms against the tested compounds. The DNA cleavage ability and microbial cell viability of these compounds were studied. The studied compounds demonstrated excellent DNA nuclease activity and exhibited 100% cell viability inhibition at 500 mg L-1. Also, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of the compounds was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity was observed. In addition, the effect of phthalocyanines on biofilm inhibition produced by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was also tested and 3 showed excellent biofilm inhibition of 82.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Al-Raqa SY, Khezami K, Kaya EN, Kocak A, Durmuş M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of water-soluble silicon(IV) phthalocyanine and its interaction with bovine serum albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:235-247. [PMID: 33558997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn a great scientific attention to cancer treatment over the last decades. However, the bottleneck for the PDT is to find good photosensitizers (PSs) with greater water solubility, no aggregation, and fast discharge from the body. Therefore, there are still a big scientific desire for the synthesizing new rational PSs for treatment of cancer by PDT technique. In favor of improving the competence of PDT, an axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its water-soluble quaternized derivative (3Q). Their structures were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF, and 1H-NMR. The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. Ground and excited-state calculations were performed to explain the observed electronic absorption spectra. The addition of the 4-diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol groups on the axially positions of the silicon(IV) phthalocyanine increased the singlet oxygen quantum yield from 0.15 to around 0.20. Especially quaternized compound 3Q showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.26 in water solution. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible-binding regions of the BSA protein. Axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its quaternized water soluble derivative (3Q). The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible binding regions of the BSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaya Y Al-Raqa
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O Box 344, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaoula Khezami
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science of Bizert, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Esra N Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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5
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Göksel M, Durmuş M, Biyiklioglu Z. Synthesis and photodynamic activities of novel silicon(iv) phthalocyanines axially substituted with water soluble groups against HeLa cancer cell line. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2570-2584. [PMID: 33522544 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03858j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, compounds 1 and 2, and their silicon(iv) phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives 3 and 4, which bear these ligands as substituents on the axial positions were synthesized. These SiPcs (3 and 4) were also converted to their water soluble derivatives (3a and 4a). All these novel compounds were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic data such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV-vis as well as mass spectroscopy. The photophysicochemical properties (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, singlet oxygen, and photodegradation quantum yields) were investigated in DMSO for all the studied SiPcs (3 and 4) and in both DMSO and aqueous solutions for the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a). Effects of quaternization of these phthalocyanines on photophysicochemical properties were also determined. The photodynamic therapy activities of the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a) were tested against to the HeLa cancer cell lines and these phthalocyanines exhibited cytotoxicity against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Göksel
- Kocaeli University, Department of Chemistry, Umuttepe, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Yurt F, Saka ET, Biyiklioglu Z, Tunçel A, Ozel D, Ocakoglu K. Synthesis of axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines and investigation of their in vitro cytotoxic/phototoxic anticancer activities. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two SiPcs have been selected and the photodynamic therapy potentials were evaluated of the Pcs. Synthesis of Axially 2-decyn-1-oxy disubstituted Es-SiPc-2 was newly synthesized by the reaction of SiPcCl2 with 2-decyn-1-ol in the presence of NaH in toluene. Furthermore, their nuclear imaging potentials were evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human lung fibroblast cell (WI-38) cell lines. The uptake results have indicated that Es-SiPc labeled with [Formula: see text]I radionuclide ([Formula: see text]I-Es-SiPc) was approximately 2-fold higher in the HT-29 cell line than the WI-38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio is defined as two in the HT-29/WI-38 cell lines. Besides, the uptake values of [Formula: see text]I-Es-SiPc were found to be higher than [Formula: see text]I-Es-SiPc-2. [Formula: see text]I-Es-SiPc and [Formula: see text]I-Es-SiPc-2 are promising for imaging or treating colon adenocarcinoma. In vitrophotodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have shown that both compounds are suitable and can be used in this field. Also, Es-SiPc has been shown to have higher phototoxicity than Es-SiPc-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yurt
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Ece Tugba Saka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Ayça Tunçel
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Derya Ozel
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33400, Turkey
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Aru B, Günay A, Şenkuytu E, Yanıkkaya Demirel G, Gürek AG, Atilla D. A Translational Study of a Silicon Phthalocyanine Substituted with a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25854-25867. [PMID: 33073111 PMCID: PMC7558005 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized a silicon phthalocyanine substituted with 3-hydroxypyridin-2-thione (SiPc-HDACi), designed to be a chemophotodynamic therapy agent acting as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and we determined its photophysical, photochemical, and photobiological properties. Next, we evaluated its anticancer efficacy on MCF-7, double positive and MDA-MB-231, triple negative breast cancer cell lines, as well as on a healthy human endothelial cell line (HUVEC). Our results indicate that SiPc-HDACi can target nucleoli of cells, effectively inducing apoptosis while promoting cell cycle arrest thanks to its high singlet oxygen yield and its histone deacetylase downregulating properties, suggesting a powerful anticancer effect on breast cancer in vitro. Our further studies will be conducted with primary breast cancer cell culture to give a better insight into the anticancer mechanism of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze
Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty
of Medicine, Immunology Department, Yeditepe University, 34755 Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Günay
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Şenkuytu
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk
University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Şahin B, Ongun MZ, Topal SZ, Gürek AG, Atilla D. Novel axially-substituted silicon phthalocyanines with pH-modulated fluorescence ON/OFF switching properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two novel axially-substituted asymmetric silicon (IV) phthalocyanines, the first one substituted with both polyethylene glycol and indomethacin groups (Pc1) and second one substituted with both polyethylene glycol and mefenamic acid groups (Pc2) have been designed and synthesized for the purpose of pH sensing examinations. Their absorption and fluorescence emission-based spectral properties were investigated in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The pH-sensing properties of Pc1 and Pc2 were examined in detail by using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in tetrahydrofuran. The effects of the substituents on the spectroscopic properties and pH-sensing behavior of these silicon phthalocyanines were revealed. Pc1 didn’t show a pH response; however, Pc2 exhibited a signal increase from pH 5.40 to 0.37 (turn on) and a drastic quenching when pH went from 0.37 to 5.40 (turn off). The protonation/deprotonation stage of the NH group of Pc2 presented fluorescence-based “on-off” type molecular switch properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Şahin
- Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Merve Zeyrek Ongun
- Dokuz Eylul University, Chemistry Technology Program, Izmir Vocational High School, 35160, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Zehra Topal
- Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Kusuzaki K, Matsubara T, Murata H, Logozzi M, Iessi E, Di Raimo R, Carta F, Supuran CT, Fais S. Natural extracellular nanovesicles and photodynamic molecules: is there a future for drug delivery? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:908-916. [PMID: 28708430 PMCID: PMC6010042 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1335310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic molecules represent an alternative approach for cancer therapy for their property (i) to be photo-reactive; (ii) to be not-toxic for target cells in absence of light; (iii) to accumulate specifically into tumour tissues; (iv) to be activable by a light beam only at the tumour site and (v) to exert cytotoxic activity against tumour cells. However, to date their clinical use is limited by the side effects elicited by systemic administration. Extracellular vesicles are endogenous nanosized-carriers that have been recently introduced as a natural delivery system for therapeutic molecules. We have recently shown the ability of human exosomes to deliver photodynamic molecules. Therefore, this review focussed on extracellular vesicles as a novel strategy for the delivery of photodynamic molecules at cancer sites. This completely new approach may enhance the delivery and decrease the toxicity of photodynamic molecules, therefore, represent the future for photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takao Matsubara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMieJapan
| | - Hiroaki Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsushita Memorial HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino, FlorenceItaly
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino, FlorenceItaly
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of HealthRomeItaly
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Gülmez AD, Göksel M, Durmuş M. Silicon(IV) phthalocyanine-biotin conjugates: Synthesis, photophysicochemical properties and in vitro biological activity for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (IV) phthalocyanines bearing one or two biotin groups on the axially positions were synthesized, and these novel phthalocyanines were characterized by elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, [Formula: see text]H NMR, UV-vis and MALDI-TOF. The synthesized compounds are the first examples of axially biotin substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines. These phthalocyanines were designed as targeting photosensitizers for the treatment of cancer by photodynamic therapy (PDT) technique. The phthalocyanine ring was selected for its photosensitizer ability and the biotin group was selected as a targeting agent for increasing accumulation of these photosensitizers in tumor cells. The photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation) properties of the target silicon(IV) phthalocyanines were investigated in DMSO. The photosensitizing efficiency of the studied phthalocyanines was tested against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells at different photosensitizer concentrations. Both axially mono- and bis-biotin substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines present high photocytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells with the cell survival degree ranging from 13% to 50%. The photosensitivity and the intensity of damage were found to be directly related to the concentration of the used photosensitizers. According to the obtained results, both silicon(IV) phthalocyanine derivatives could be promising as photosensitizers for treatment of cancer by PDT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Kocaeli University, Kosekoy Vocational School, Kartepe, Kocaeli 41135, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Ömeroğlu İ, Kaya EN, Göksel M, Kussovski V, Mantareva V, Durmuş M. Axially substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine and its quaternized derivative as photosensitizers towards tumor cells and bacterial pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5415-5422. [PMID: 28807573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Axially di-(alpha,alpha-diphenyl-4-pyridylmethoxy) silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) and its quaternized derivative (3Q) were synthesized and tested as photosensitizers against tumor and bacterial cells. These new phthalocyanines were characterized by elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF and 1H NMR. The photophysical properties such as absorption and fluorescence, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated in solutions. The obtained values were compared to the values obtained with unsubstituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPcCl2). The addition of two di-(alpha,alpha-diphenyl-4-pyridylmethanol) groups as axial ligands showed an improvement of the photophysical and photochemical properties and an increasement of the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) from 0.15 to 0.33 was determined. The photodynamic efficacy of synthesized photosensitizers (3 and 3Q) were evaluated with promising photocytotoxicity (17% cell survival for 3 and 28% for 3Q) against the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic bacterial strains Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggested a high susceptibility with quaternized derivative (3Q). The both Gram-positive bacterial strains were fully photoinactivated with 11μM 3Q and mild light dose 50J.cm-2. In case of P. aeruginosa the effect was negligible for concentrations up to 22μM 3Q and light dose 100J.cm-2. The results suggested that the novel axially substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines have promising characteristic as photosensitizer towards tumor cells. The quaternized derivative 3Q has high potential for photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Ömeroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Esra Nur Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey; Kosekoy Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41135, Turkey
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 26, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bld. 26, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey.
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Büyükekşi SI, Topal SZ, Atilla D. Novel Silicon Phthalocyanines Bearing Triethylene Glycol Groups: Photophysical and Photochemical Properties as well as pH-Induced Spectral Behaviour. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1257-1266. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Koç V, Topal SZ, Aydın Tekdaş D, Ateş ÖD, Önal E, Dumoulin F, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Assessment of the relevance of GaPc substituted with azido-polyethylene glycol chains for photodynamic therapy. Design, synthetic strategy, fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, and pH-dependent spectroscopic behaviour. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
New synthetic route and PDT potential of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted Ga(iii)Pcs with terminal azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Koç
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Emel Önal
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze
- Turkey
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