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Song H, Ren S, Wang X, Hu Y, Xu M, Zhang H, Cao H, Huang K, Wang C, Guan X. Encapsulation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester by self-assembled sorghum peptide nanoparticles: Fabrication, storage stability and interaction mechanisms. Food Chem 2024; 453:139642. [PMID: 38788643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound with various biological activities. However, poor water solubility and storage stability limit its application. In this context, sorghum peptides were used to encapsulate CAPE. Sorghum peptides could self-assemble into regularly spherical nanoparticles (SPNs) by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds. Solubility of encapsulated CAPE was greatly increased, with 9.44 times higher than unencapsulated CAPE in water. Moreover, the storage stability of CAPE in aqueous solution was significantly improved by SPNs encapsulation. In vitro release study indicated that SPNs were able to delay CAPE release during the process of gastrointestinal digestion. Besides, fluorescence quenching analysis showed that a static quenching existed between SPNs and CAPE. The interaction between CAPE and SPNs occurred spontaneously, mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions. The above results suggested that SPNs encapsulation was an effective approach to improve the water solubility and storage stability of CAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shaoxia Ren
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mingda Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China.
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2
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Wang X, Feng S, Song H. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Encapsulated in Self-Assemble Rice Peptides Nanoparticles: Storage Stability, In Vitro Release, and Their Interaction Mechanisms. Foods 2024; 13:755. [PMID: 38472867 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an important active component of propolis with many bioactivities. However, its efficiency and practical application are restricted due to its poor aqueous solubility and storage stability. In this study, a nanocarrier was fabricated to encapsulate CAPE using self-assembled rice peptides obtained by controllable enzymolysis. The physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity of rice peptides nanoparticles (RPNs) were characterized. The storage stability, in vitro release, and interaction mechanisms between CAPE and RPNs were investigated. The results showed that RPNs, mainly assembled by disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds, possessed an effective diameter of around 210 nm and a high encapsulation efficiency (77.77%) and loading capacity (3.89%). Importantly, the water solubility of CAPE was increased by 45 times after RPNs encapsulation. Moreover, RPNs encapsulation also significantly increased CAPE stability, about 1.4-fold higher than that of unencapsulated CAPE after 18-day storage. An in vitro release study demonstrated that RPNs could delay the release of CAPE, implying a better CAPE protection against extreme environments during digestion. Hydrogen bond and van der Waals force are the predominant interaction forces between RPNs and CAPE. Therefore, the newly developed nanoparticle is a potential delivery system that could effectively improve the aqueous solubility and stability of CAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Siyi Feng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongdong Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
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Guo J, Gan C, Cheng B, Cui B, Yi F. Exploration of binding mechanism of apigenin to pepsin: Spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking, enzyme activity and antioxidant assays. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122281. [PMID: 36584639 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepsin plays an important role in nutrient metabolism. Apigenin (AP) is a beneficial polyphenol to human health. To enhance the bioavailability of AP and elucidate the inhibitory effect of AP on pepsin, the interaction mechanism of AP with pepsin was investigated using spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking, and the activity of pepsin and antioxidant activity of AP was also evaluated. Specifically, AP performed static quenching of pepsin and had only one binding site on pepsin. More interestingly, the interaction between AP and pepsin was spontaneous, while hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were the main binding forces. Generally, synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence confirmed that AP induced the conformational changes of pepsin, and molecular docking proved the above results and illustrated the specific binding patterns. Specifically, AP inhibited the activity of pepsin, while pepsin decreased the antioxidant activity of AP. These results provided useful information for elucidating the interactions between AP and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Chuanfa Gan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Fankai Yi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
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Zhu MS, Zhang G, Xu YJ, Sun R, Ge JF. Conjugated structures based on quinazolinones and their application in fluorescent labeling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1992-2000. [PMID: 36789736 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As an alkaloid, quinazolinone exhibits excellent biological properties; structurally, it also has the potential to construct fluorescent probes with conjugated structures. In this work, probes 5a-c and 6b were obtained by introducing quinazolone into aldehydes with different numbers of double bonds. Their absorption maxima were located at 420-540 nm and their emission maxima were at 500-600 nm in solvents of different polarities. In particular, probe 5c showed significant fluorescence enhancement with the increase in viscosity due to the limited intramolecular rotation, and its fluorescence intensity in glycerol was 37.8 times higher than that in water. Moreover, probes 5a-c and 6b containing the NH structure showed sensitive response to pH, and their fluorescence intensity in alkaline solution (pH 9-11) was suddenly enhanced, which was elucidated with the help of theoretical calculation. In addition, the cell experiments showed that probes 5a and 5b had the ability to target mitochondria and probes 5c and 6b targeted lysosomes in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the viscosity-sensitive probe 5c could be used for monitoring changes in lysosomal viscosity in HeLa cells, which had important guiding significance for designing multi-response fluorogenic probes and promoting the advancement of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sen Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
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Hashemi-Shahraki F, Shareghi B, Farhadian S. Investigation of the interaction behavior between quercetin and pepsin by spectroscopy and MD simulation methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1151-1161. [PMID: 36464189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a therapeutic compound to bind to proteins is critical for characterizing its therapeutic impacts. We have selected quercetin (Qu), a most common flavonoid found in plants and vegetables among therapeutic molecules that are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-genotoxic, and anti-cancer effects. The current study aimed to see how quercetin interacts with pepsin in an aqueous environment under physiological conditions. Absorbance and emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and kinetic methods, as well as molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and docking, were applied to study the effects of Qu on the structure, dynamics, and kinetics of pepsin. Stern-Volmer (Ksv) constants were computed for the pepsin-quercetin complex at three temperatures, showing that Qu reduces enzyme emission spectra using a static quenching. With Qu binding, the Vmax and the kcat/Km values decreased. UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and CD result indicated that Qu binding to pepsin leads to microenvironmental changes around the enzyme, which can alter the enzyme's secondary structure. Therefore, quercetin caused alterations in the function and structure of pepsin. Thermodynamic parameters, MD binding, and docking simulation analysis showed that non-covalent reactions, including the hydrophobic forces, played a key role in the interaction of Qu with pepsin. The findings conclude of spectroscopic experiments were supported by molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hashemi-Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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6
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Investigation of structural changes in human serum albumin after binding with elaidic acid. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Plasmonic Surface of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Meso-Terakis (4-Sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin (TPPS) and Theoretical-Experimental Comparable. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2257-2269. [PMID: 36045307 PMCID: PMC9606071 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal metallic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in the last two decades owing to their simple synthesis and fascinating optical properties. In this manuscript, a study of the effect of both gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the fluorescence emission (FE) of TPPS has been investigated utilizing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. From the observed electronic absorption spectra, there is no evidence of the ground state interaction between metallic Au NPs or Ag NPs with TPPS. On the other side, the FE spectra of TPPS have been quenched by both Ag and Au NPs. Via applying quenching calculations, Ag NPs showed only traditional static fluorescence quenching of TPPS with linear Stern–Volmer (SV) plots. On the contrary, quenching of TPPS emission by Au NPs shows composed models. One model is the sphere of action static quenching model that prevails at high quencher concentrations leading to non-linear SV plots with positive deviation. However, at low Au NPs concentrations, traditional dynamic quenching occurs with linear SV plots. The quantum calculations for TPPS structure have been obtained using Gaussian 09 software: in which the TPPS optimized molecular structure was achieved using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) in a gaseous state. Also, the calculated electronic absorption spectra for the same molecule in water as a solvent are obtained using TD/M06/6-311G + + (2d, 2p). Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental results comparable to UV–Vis spectra have been investigated.
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Koppal V, Melavanki R, Kusanur R, Bagewadi ZK, Yaraguppi DA, Deshpande SH, Patil NR. Investigation of the Fluorescence Turn-off Mechanism, Genome, Molecular Docking In Silico and In Vitro Studies of 2-Acetyl-3 H-benzo[ f]chromen-3-one. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23759-23770. [PMID: 35847316 PMCID: PMC9280945 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study harnesses fluorescence quenching between a nonfluorescent aniline and fluorophore 2-acetyl-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one [2AHBC] in binary solvent mixtures of acetonitrile and 1,4-dioxane at room temperature and explores the fluorophore as an antimicrobial material. Our findings throw light on the key performance of organic molecules in the medicinal and pharmaceutical fields, which are considered as the most leading drives in therapeutic applications. In view of that, fluorescence quenching data have been interpreted by various quenching models. This demonstrates that the sphere of action holds very well in the present work and also confirms the presence of static quenching reactions. Additionally, the fluorophore was first investigated for druglike activity with the help of in silico tools, and then it was investigated for antimicrobial activity through bioinformatics tools, which has shown promising insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha
V. Koppal
- Department
of Physics, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Raveendra Melavanki
- Department
of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj Kusanur
- Department
of Chemistry, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department
of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak A. Yaraguppi
- Department
of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay H. Deshpande
- Department
of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Ninganagouda R. Patil
- Department
of Physics, B V B College of Engineering
and Technology, Hubli 580031, Karnataka, India
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Liu H, Wang D, Ren Y, Wang L, Weng T, Liu J, Wu Y, Ding Z, Liu M. Multispectroscopic and synergistic antioxidant study on the combined binding of caffeic acid and (-)-epicatechin gallate to lysozyme. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120986. [PMID: 35151167 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding of caffeic acid (CA) and/or (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to lysozyme was investigated by multispectroscopic methods and molecular docking. The effects of the single and combined binding on the structure, activity and stability of lysozyme and the synergistic antioxidant activity of CA and ECG were also studied. Fluorescence quenching spectra, time-resolved fluorescence spectra, and UV-vis absorption difference spectra all ascertained the static quenching mechanism of lysozyme by CA/ECG. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that CA and ECG competitively bound to lysozyme, and CA had a stronger binding affinity, which was consistent with the results of molecular docking. Hydrogen bonding, van der Waals' force and electrostatic interaction were the main driving forces for the binding process. Synchronous fluorescence spectra displayed that the interaction of CA/ECG exposed the tryptophan residues of lysozyme to a more hydrophilic environment. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering indicated that the binding of CA and/or ECG to lysozyme resulted in the change of the secondary structure and increased the particle size of lysozyme. The binding of CA and/or ECG to lysozyme inhibited the enzyme activity and enhanced the thermal stability of lysozyme. The combined application of CA and ECG showed antioxidant synergy which was influenced by the encapsulation of lysozyme and cellular uptake. In summary, this work provides theoretical guidance for lysozyme as a carrier for the combined application of CA and ECG.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yongfang Ren
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Tianxin Weng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yushu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
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Farhadian S, Hashemi-Shahraki F, Amirifar S, Asadpour S, Shareghi B, Heidari E, Shakerian B, Rafatifard M, Firooz AR. Malachite Green, the hazardous materials that can bind to Apo-transferrin and change the iron transfer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:790-799. [PMID: 34838577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Different groups of synthetic dyes might lead to environmental pollution. The binding affinity among hazardous materials with biomolecules necessitates a detailed understanding of their binding properties. Malachite Green might induce a change in the iron transfer by Apo-transferrin. Spectroscopic studies showed malachite green oxalate (MGO) could form the apo-transferrin-MGO complex and change the Accessible Surface Area (ASA) of the key amino acids for iron transfer. According to the ASA results the accessible surface area of Tyrosine, Aspartate, and Histidine of apo-transferrin significantly were changed, which can be considered as a convincing reason for changing the iron transfer. Moreover, based on the fluorescence data MGO could quench the fluorescence intensity of apo-transferrin in a static quenching mechanism. The experimental and Molecular Dynamic simulation results represented that the binding process led to micro environmental changes, around tryptophan residues and altered the tertiary structure of apo-transferrin. The Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra result represented a decrease in the amount of the α-Helix, as well as, increase in the β-sheet volumes of the apo-transferrin structure. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy results showed a hypochromic shift in the peaks of amide I and II. Molecular docking and MD simulation confirmed all the computational findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi-Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sogand Amirifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeid Asadpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ehsan Heidari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Shakerian
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafatifard
- Exercise Science/Physiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Firooz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Hashemi-Shahraki F, Shareghi B, Farhadian S. Characterizing the binding affinity and molecular interplay between quinoline yellow and pepsin. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Mubeen M, Khalid MA, Mukhtar M, Shahrum S, Zahra S, Shabbir S, Iqbal A. Elucidating the Photoluminescence Quenching in Ensulizole: an Artificial Water Soluble Sunscreen. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1055-1063. [PMID: 33956267 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing natural or artificial sunscreens is essential to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiations that cause premature aging and develop melanoma and other forms of skin cancer. The 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, commonly known as ensulizole is a water-soluble artificial sunscreen that absorb UV-B (280 nm - 315 nm) radiations and protects the skin against the harmful effects of these radiations. We have measured steady-state photoluminescence (SSPL) spectra and photoluminescence (PL) kinetics of this compound in various conditions. Steady-state absorption indicates a strong absorption feature at 303 nm and a weak one at 316 nm that have been identified as π → π* and n → π* transitions, respectively. The spectra of PL induced by these absorptions indicate that the PL of ensulizole is less Stokes-shifted in polar solvents and more Stokes-shifted in non-polar solvents. The average PL lifetime of ensulizole is longer in non-polar solvents than in polar solvents and it exhibits the shortest PL lifetime in aqueous medium that maximize its transition efficiency in water. This suggests in non-polar solvents intersystem crossing is the dominant mode of relaxation of the excited ππ* state. Furthermore, an increase of pH of ensulizole solution decreases the PL intensity and the lifetime. Stern-Volmer equation is employed to evaluate bimolecular quenching rate constant kq. The evaluation result suggests the diffusional dynamic mode of PL quenching is operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahrum
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shanila Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saima Shabbir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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