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Sadikogullari B, Koramaz I, Sütay B, Karagoz B, Özdemir AD. Application of aza-BODIPY as a Nitroaromatic Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25254-25261. [PMID: 37483181 PMCID: PMC10357534 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic explosive detection with high sensitivity and selectivity is requisite for civilian and military safety and the ecosystem. In this study, aza boron dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dye was selected as a fluorescent-based chemosensor against nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) including 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, TNP), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). This dye molecule exhibits sharp fluorescent behavior with high quantum yields beyond the near-infrared region (NIR) and is considered as a potential candidate for the detection of NACs. O'Shea's approach was used to synthesize tetraphenyl-conjugated aza-BODIPY molecules. Quenching of fluorescence emission of aza-BODIPY at 668 nm after the exposure to NACs was investigated under acetonitrile-water and acetonitrile-ethanol solvent conditions. The quenching responses and its mechanism were examined by considering the Stern-Volmer relationship Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv) for TNP (in water), TNP (in ethanol), TNT, and DNT, which are predicted to be 1420, 1215, 1364, and 968 M-1, respectively, all of which are sufficiently above the limit of detection (LOD) values. Thus, the present study opens up the possibility of the usage of aza-BODIPY molecules as a low-cost, light-weight sensor for the detection of NAC explosives.
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Wu H, Wang G, Cai Z, Li D, Xiao F, Lei D, Dai Z, Dou X. Polyethyleneimine-capped copper nanoclusters for detection and discrimination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4485-4494. [PMID: 36317750 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection and discrimination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) from analogues are of great importance to global security and are full of challenges in the field of trace sensing. Here, benefitting from the strong electrophilicity of TNT, a sensing strategy is established by synthesizing polyethyleneimine capped copper nanoclusters (PEI-Cu NCs) with abundant -NH2 groups. By carefully controlling the size and structure of PEI-Cu NCs, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PEI-Cu NCs to the Meisenheimer complex occurs resulting from their spectral overlap when detecting TNT, while, due to the energy level match of TNP with PEI-Cu NCs, as well as the strong affinity between its -OH and -NH2 in PEI-Cu NCs, photo-induced electron transfer (PET) is feasibly expected. As a result, TNT and TNP could be detected from 26 types of analogues and cations with a limit of detection (LOD) of 26.57 and 12.82 nM, respectively. Besides, owing to the brown color of the Meisenheimer complex, the discrimination of TNT and TNP could be additionally realized by colorimetric detection. We expect that the proposed methodology would not only shine light on the detection and discrimination of TNT and TNP that mitigate against public security concerns, but also pave a way for the deep understanding of FRET and PET related fluorescence quenching mechanisms from the aspect of controllable sensing material design and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Dezhong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Fangfang Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Lei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Zhuohua Dai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xincun Dou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bener M, Burak Şen F, Apak R. Protamine gold nanoclusters - based fluorescence turn-on sensor for rapid determination of Trinitrotoluene (TNT). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121462. [PMID: 35687992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Determination of trace residues of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an analytical challenge as it is widely used in military, mining industry, civilian and counter-terrorism purposes. In this study, a gold nanocluster - based turn-on fluorescence sensor was developed for TNT determination. A one-pot approach was used to synthesize the fluorescent protamine - stabilized gold nanoclusters (PRT-AuNC). The proposed turn-on fluorometric sensor relies on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement mechanism. As a result of the donor-acceptor interaction between the non-fluorescent Meisenheimer anion formed from TNT and the amino groups of weakly fluorescent protamine, the PRT-AuNCs aggregate and an accompanying enhancement in fluorescence intensity is observed with a large Stokes shift (λex = 300 nm, λem = 600 nm). The fluorescence enhancement increased linearly with TNT with an LOD of 12.44 µg/L. Similar energetic materials, common soil ions and explosive camouflage materials did not affect the proposed fluorometric sensing method. TNT in artificially contaminated soil was determined, and the results were comparable to those obtained by the HPLC-DAD system. The proposed turn-on sensor is an important tool for simple, fast, rapid and sensitive TNT determination, and has a potential to be converted to a kit format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih 34126, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Wang S, Zhu S, Tanzeng Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Ma M, Lu W. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Molecules Based on 4H-1-Benzopyran Core. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226986. [PMID: 34834079 PMCID: PMC8620761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel fluorescent 4H-1-benzopyrans was designed and developed as near-infrared fluorescent molecules with a compact donor–acceptor-donor architecture. Spectral intensity of the fluorescent molecules M-1, M-2, M-3 varied significantly with the increasing polarities of solvents, where M-3 showed high viscosity sensitivity in glycerol-ethanol system with a 3-fold increase in emission intensity. Increasing concentrations of compound M-3 to 5% BSA in PBS elicited a 4-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, exhibiting a superior environmental sensitivity. Furthermore, the in vitro cellular uptake behavior and CLSM assay of cancer cell lines demonstrated that M-3 could easily enter the cell nucleus and bind to proteins with low toxicity. Therefore, the synthesized near-infrared fluorescent molecules could provide a new direction for the development of optical imaging probes and potential further drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (S.W.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (W.L.)
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (S.W.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yawen Tanzeng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics-Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Chuchu Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (S.W.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (S.W.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (W.L.)
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (S.W.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (W.L.)
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