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Dharaniprabha V, Kalavathi A, Satheeshkumar K, Elango KP. A ferrocene-based chemo-dosimeter for colorimetric and electrochemical detection of cyanide and its estimation in cassava flour. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4880-4888. [PMID: 38973414 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A simple chemo-dosimeter VDP2 bearing a ferrocene moiety was designed, synthesized, and characterized, and exhibited both chromogenic and electrochemical responses selectively for CN- in H2O-DMSO (9 : 1, v/v) medium. The probe VDP2 showed an instantaneous color change from colorless to yellow with CN- that can readily be observed visually. The deprotonation of the benzimidazole -NH, followed by nucleophilic addition of CN- to the olefinic C-atom, as evidenced by 1H and 13C NMR titration experiments, caused the colorimetric and electrochemical responses. The mass spectral study, CV, FTIR and Mulliken charges computed well supported the proposed mechanism. The electrochemical limit of detection was calculated to be 72 nM. The results of DFT and TD-DFT calculations suggested that the colorless nature of the probe VDP2 is due to weak intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and the yellow color of the VDP2+CN adduct is due to through-space ICT transition. Above all, the probe could be an ideal candidate for monitoring cyanide in water samples and cassava flour with practical significance. A simple and convenient colorimetric method was developed to determine cyanide content in cassava flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dharaniprabha
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
| | - A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
| | - K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
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Nazarian R, Darabi HR, Aghapoor K, Sayahi H, Mohsenzadeh F, Atasbili L. Fast, Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Levofloxacin, Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ Ions in 100% Aqueous Solution Via Their Reciprocal Recognition. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1279-1290. [PMID: 37526872 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence detection of ions and pharmaceutical effluents by using organic chemosensors is a valuable surrogate to the currently existing expensive analytical methods. In this regard, the design of multi-functional chemosensors to recognize desirable guests is of utmost importance. In this study, we first show that levofloxacin (LVO) is able to use as a fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of biologically important Cu2+ (turn-off) and Fe3+ (turn-on) ions via independent signal outputs in 100% aqueous buffer solutions. Next, using the reciprocal recognition of LVO and Fe3+ provides a unique emission pattern for the detection of LVO. This approach exhibited a high specificity to LVO among various pharmaceutical samples, namely acetaminophen (AC), azithromycin (AZ), gemifloxacin (GEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and also showed great anti-interference property in urine. The attractive features of this sensing system are availability, easy-to-use, high sensitivity (limit of detection = 18 nM for Cu2+, 22 nM for Fe3+ and 0.12 nM for LVO), rapid response (5 s) with an excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramo Nazarian
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Hossein Reza Darabi
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran.
| | - Kioumars Aghapoor
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Hani Sayahi
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Farshid Mohsenzadeh
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran
| | - Leila Atasbili
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran
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Sobhani L, Darabi HR, Atasbili L, Aghapoor K, Rastgar S, Jadidi K, Naderi S. Rapid, Sensitive, and Selective "ON-OFF" Detection of Fe 3+ Ions Using Novel Acetalophanes and Their Applications in Real Samples. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03596-x. [PMID: 38324139 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Three novel acetalophanes 1a-c have been designed, synthesized and characterized. The receptors 1b-c, featuring bulky anthracene groups, displayed significant selectivity for Fe3+ ions, resulting in a turn-off fluorescence mode in a DMF-buffer solution. Conversely, the non-steric probe 1a could serve as a versatile sensor for the simultaneous detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions in MeOH-buffer solution. The sensing mechanism for the capability of 1a was demonstrated to be different, as evidenced by the addition of cyanide ions. The probes with Fe3+ exhibited a sensing mechanism that resulted in the deprotection of acetals to the corresponding starting materials, as confirmed by 1H NMR, IR spectra and TLC analysis. The attractive features of these practical and efficient sensors are selectivity, sensitivity (limit of detection = 0.15 µM by 1a, 0.16 µM by 1b and 0.14 µM by 1c), rapid response (less than 5 s). The on-site monitoring of various real samples, including well water, apricot, and green tea, proved to be successful for the quantitative and cost-effective detection of Fe3+. The method demonstrated good precision, even in the presence of other interfering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sobhani
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Reza Darabi
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Atasbili
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioumars Aghapoor
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rastgar
- Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Soheila Naderi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Kumar A, Jeong E, Noh Y, Chae PS. Fluorescence-based ratiometric sensors as emerging tools for CN - detection: Chemical structures, sensing mechanisms and applications. Methods 2024; 222:57-80. [PMID: 38191006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hazardous cyanide anions (CN-) are increasingly threatening the environment and human health due to their widespread use in industry and many other fields. Over the past three decades, a large number of probes have been reported to sensitively and selectively detect this toxic anion, while a rather limited number of ratiometric fluorescent probes have been developed. The ratiometric probes have significant potential in bio-imaging and biomedical applications because of the ability to detect CN- in a quick, convenient and affordable way. In this review, we introduce 42 ratiometric fluorescent probes reported in the past 6 years (2018-2023) for CN- detection. Our description includes the chemical structures, photo-physical properties, CN- sensing mechanisms, solution color changes, limits of detection (LODs) and/or various applications of these chemical probes. This review provides guidelines for design and development of a new ratiometric probe for effective CN- detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 155-88, Republic of Korea,.
| | - Eunhye Jeong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 155-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Noh
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 155-88, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 155-88, Republic of Korea,.
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