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Gordon EJ, Gacki-Smith J, Gooden MJ, Waite P, Yacat R, Abubakari ZR, Duquette D, Agrawal A, Friedewald J, Savage SK, Cooper M, Gilbert A, Muhammad LN, Wicklund C. Development of a culturally targeted chatbot to inform living kidney donor candidates of African ancestry about APOL1 genetic testing: a mixed methods study. J Community Genet 2024; 15:205-216. [PMID: 38349598 PMCID: PMC11031529 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-024-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical chatbots are increasingly used to help integrate genetic testing into clinical contexts, but no chatbot exists for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing of living kidney donor (LKD) candidates of African ancestry. Our study aimed to culturally adapt and assess perceptions of the Gia® chatbot to help integrate APOL1 testing into LKD evaluation. Ten focus groups and post-focus group surveys were conducted with 54 LKDs, community members, and kidney transplant recipients of African ancestry. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Key themes about making Gia culturally targeted included ensuring: (1) transparency by providing Black LKDs' testimonials, explaining patient privacy and confidentiality protections, and explaining how genetic testing can help LKD evaluation; (2) content is informative by educating Black LKDs about APOL1 testing instead of aiming to convince them to undergo testing, presenting statistics, and describing how genetic discrimination is legally prevented; and (3) content avoids stigma about living donation in the Black community. Most agreed Gia was neutral and unbiased (82%), trustworthy (82%), and words, phrases, and expressions were familiar to the intended audience (85%). Our culturally adapted APOL1 Gia chatbot was well regarded. Future research should assess how this chatbot could supplement provider discussion prior to genetic testing to scale APOL1 counseling and testing for LKD candidate clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, D-4314 Medical Center North Nashville, Nashville, TN, 37232-2730, USA.
| | - Jessica Gacki-Smith
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Gooden
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Preeya Waite
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rochell Yacat
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zenab R Abubakari
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Debra Duquette
- Medicine, Cardiology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Akansha Agrawal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Friedewald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Matthew Cooper
- Froedtert Hospital Center for Advanced Care, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Froedtert Hospital Center for Advanced Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lutfiyya N Muhammad
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Wicklund
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Sweet K, Reiter PL, Schnell PM, Senter L, Shane-Carson KP, Aeilts A, Cooper J, Spears C, Brown J, Toland AE, Agnese DM, Katz ML. Genetic counseling and testing for females at elevated risk for breast cancer: Protocol for the randomized controlled trial of the Know Your Risk intervention. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 133:107323. [PMID: 37661005 PMCID: PMC10591709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic counseling and testing have an important role in the care of patients at elevated risk for breast cancer. However, conventional pre- and post-test genetic counseling is labor and time intensive, less accessible for patients living outside major urban centers, and impractical on a large scale. A patient-driven approach to genetic counseling and testing may increase access, improve patients' experiences, affect efficiency of clinical practice, and help meet workforce demand. The objective of this 2-arm randomized controlled trial is to determine the efficacy of Know Your Risk (KYR), a genetic counseling patient preference intervention. METHODS Females (n = 1000) at elevated risk (>20% lifetime) for breast cancer will be randomized to the KYR intervention or conventional genetic counseling. The study will provide comprehensive assessment of breast cancer risk by multigene panel testing and validated polygenic risk score. Primary outcome is adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for a clinical encounter every 6-12 months and an annual mammogram (breast MRI if recommended) determined by medical record review. Secondary outcomes include adherence to other recommended cancer screening tests determined by medical record review and changes in breast cancer knowledge, perception of risk, post-test/counseling distress, and satisfaction with counseling by completion of three surveys during the study. Study aims will be evaluated for non-inferiority of the KYR intervention compared to conventional genetic counseling. CONCLUSION If efficacious, the KYR intervention has the potential to improve patients' experience and may change how genetic counseling is delivered, inform best practices, and reduce workforce burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT05325151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sweet
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Paul L Reiter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patrick M Schnell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leigha Senter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kate P Shane-Carson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julia Cooper
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina Spears
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Brown
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Bioethics, Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Doreen M Agnese
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mira L Katz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Kodida R, Reble E, Clausen M, Shickh S, Mighton C, Sam J, Forster N, Panchal S, Aronson M, Semotiuk K, Graham T, Silberman Y, Randall Armel S, McCuaig JM, Cohn I, Morel CF, Elser C, Eisen A, Carroll JC, Glogowski E, Schrader KA, Di Gioacchino V, Lerner-Ellis J, Kim RH, Bombard Y. A model for the return and referral of all clinically significant secondary findings of genomic sequencing. J Med Genet 2023; 60:733-739. [PMID: 37217257 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secondary findings (SFs) identified through genomic sequencing (GS) can offer a wide range of health benefits to patients. Resource and capacity constraints pose a challenge to their clinical management; therefore, clinical workflows are needed to optimise the health benefits of SFs. In this paper, we describe a model we created for the return and referral of all clinically significant SFs, beyond medically actionable results, from GS. As part of a randomised controlled trial evaluating the outcomes and costs of disclosing all clinically significant SFs from GS, we consulted genetics and primary care experts to determine a feasible workflow to manage SFs. Consensus was sought to determine appropriate clinical recommendations for each category of SF and which clinician specialist would provide follow-up care. We developed a communication and referral plan for each category of SFs. This involved referrals to specialised clinics, such as an Adult Genetics clinic, for highly penetrant medically actionable findings. Common and non-urgent SFs, such as pharmacogenomics and carrier status results for non-family planning participants, were directed back to the family physician (FP). SF results and recommendations were communicated directly to participants to respect autonomy and to their FPs to support follow-up of SFs. We describe a model for the return and referral of all clinically significant SFs to facilitate the utility of GS and promote the health benefits of SFs. This may serve as a model for others returning GS results transitioning participants from research to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kodida
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Reble
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Clausen
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salma Shickh
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe Mighton
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Sam
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Forster
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Panchal
- The Marvelle Koffler Breast Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Semotiuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Graham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yael Silberman
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Randall Armel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeanna M McCuaig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iris Cohn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal F Morel
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Elser
- The Marvelle Koffler Breast Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Eisen
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Di Gioacchino
- The Marvelle Koffler Breast Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Bombard
- Genomics Health Services & Policy Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shickh S, Leventakos K, Lewis MA, Bombard Y, Montori VM. Shared Decision Making in the Care of Patients With Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e389516. [PMID: 37339391 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_389516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Shared decision making (SDM) is a method of care that is suitable for the care of patients with cancer. It involves a collaborative conversation seeking to respond sensibly to the problematic situation of the patient, cocreating a plan of care that makes sense intellectually, practically, and emotionally. Genetic testing to identify whether a patient has a hereditary cancer syndrome represents a prime example of the importance for SDM in oncology. SDM is important for genetic testing because not only results affect current cancer treatment, cancer surveillance, and care of relatives but also these tests generate both complex results and psychological concerns. SDM conversations should take place without interruptions, disruptions, or hurry and be supported, where available, by tools that assist in conveying the relevant evidence and in supporting plan development. Examples of these tools include treatment SDM encounter aids and the Genetics Adviser. Patients are expected to play a key role in making decisions and implementing plans of care, but several evolving challenges related to the unfettered access to information and expertise of varying trustworthiness and complexity in between interactions with clinicians can both support and complicate this role. SDM should result in a plan of care that is maximally responsive to the biology and biography of each patient, maximally supportive of each patient's goals and priorities, and minimally disruptive of their lives and loves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shickh
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Konstantinos Leventakos
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yvonne Bombard
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor M Montori
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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5
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Katz ML, Senter L, Reiter PL, Emerson B, Ennis AC, Shane-Carson KP, Aeilts A, Cassingham HR, Schnell PM, Agnese DM, Toland AE, Sweet K. Development of a web-based, theory-guided narrative intervention for women at elevated risk for breast cancer. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 106:163-169. [PMID: 36333195 PMCID: PMC10395484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.10.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a web-based, theory-guided narrative intervention that replaces conventional pre-test genetic counseling for women at elevated breast cancer risk. METHODS We used an iterative process that was guided by health behavior theory and feedback from multiple stakeholder groups including: 1) content input from genetic experts; 2) study team input; 3) review of video storyboards, video example, study logo, recruitment materials, post-test patient preference counseling survey, and additional study surveys; 4) video series development; and 5) intervention review and finalization of study-related materials. RESULTS The intervention is patient-centered providing convenience and an opportunity for an individual's preferences for post-test counseling delivery. The intervention's efficacy is being determined in a randomized controlled trial compared to conventional genetic counseling for adherence to recommended guidelines and changes in knowledge, perception of breast cancer risk, breast cancer-specific worry, and satisfaction with counseling. CONCLUSION If efficacious, the intervention may improve the delivery of the genetic testing and counseling process, inform best practices, and reduce the genetic counseling workforce burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The developed intervention has the potential to improve the genetic testing and counseling experience for women at elevated risk for breast cancer, inform best practices, and reduce genetic counseling workforce burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira L Katz
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Leigha Senter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Reiter
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brent Emerson
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alysha C Ennis
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kate P Shane-Carson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hayley R Cassingham
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patrick M Schnell
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Doreen M Agnese
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Sweet
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Park SY, Kim Y, Kim S, Katapodi MC. Informational needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants: A systematic review and content analysis. Genet Med 2022; 25:100001. [PMID: 36549594 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Personalized information is paramount to patient-centered communication and decision-making regarding risk management in hereditary cancer syndromes. This systematic review identified information needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants and compared findings based on gender (women vs men) and clinical characteristics (patients with cancer vs previvors and BRCA heterozygotes vs untested relatives). METHODS We screened 8115 studies identified from databases and citation searching. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis was conducted based on content analysis. RESULTS From 18 selected studies including 1063 individuals, we identified 9 categories of information needs. Risk of bias in the selected studies was moderate. Men, untested relatives, and racial and ethnic minorities were underrepresented. Frequently required information was personalized cancer risk and risk-reducing strategies, including decision-making, family implications of hereditary cancers, psychological issues, and cascade testing. Subgroup analyses showed that information needs depended on gender, personal cancer history, and cascade testing in relatives. CONCLUSION We identified comprehensive and detailed informational needs of individuals from families harboring BRCA pathogenic variants and gaps in international guidelines. Needs for personalized information varied based on gender, health, and genetic testing status. Findings of this study have implications for genetic counseling, tailoring educational materials, and personalizing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Healthcare Sciences, Far East University, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Kim
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maria C Katapodi
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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McConkie-Rosell A, Schoch K, Sullivan J, Spillmann RC, Cope H, Tan QKG, Palmer CGS, Hooper SR, Shashi V. Clinical application of a scale to assess genomic healthcare empowerment (GEmS): Process and illustrative case examples. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:59-70. [PMID: 34115423 PMCID: PMC8664895 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Genome Empowerment Scale (GEmS), developed as a research tool, assesses perspectives of parents of children with undiagnosed disorders about to undergo exome or genome sequencing related to the process of empowerment. We defined genomic healthcare empowerment as follows: perceived ability to understand and seek new information related to the genomic sequencing, manage emotions related to the diagnostic process and outcomes, and utilize genomic sequencing information to the betterment of the individual/child and family. The GEmS consists of four scales, two are primarily emotion-focused (Meaning of a Diagnosis, and Emotional Management of the Process) and two are action-oriented (Seeking Information and Support, and Implications and Planning). The purpose of this research was to provide a strategy for interpreting results from the GEmS and present illustrative cases. These illustrations should serve to facilitate use of the GEmS in the clinical and research arena, particularly with respect to guiding genetic counseling processes for parents of children with undiagnosed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Spillmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Queenie K.-G. Tan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina G. S. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Paneque M, Carvalho M, Rodrigues F, Saraiva J, Leonardo A, Sousa AB, Machado V, Gonçalves-Rocha M, Sequeiros J, Costa PS, Serra de Lemos M. A new scale informed by the Reciprocal-Engagement Model for quality evaluation of genetic counselling by patients: Development and initial validation. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104375. [PMID: 34740860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of genetic counselling is essential to ensure appropriate provision. This study describes the development and initial psychometric validation of a novel scale for genetic counselling quality evaluation by patients. A deductive approach was taken to formulate scale items. Exploratory factor analysis with the principal axis factoring method was used to assess the scale's factor structure (n = 118). Internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) was also examined. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a single overarching construct consisting of seven factors, which account for 59% of the variance explained. Items showed, in general, strong factor loadings (>0.5). Some items focused on patient satisfaction with services provision did not load onto the factors. Thus, another factor analysis was performed with these items, which resulted in one-factor. The identified factor accounted for 57% of variance explained, and communalities were strong (≥0.5) for most items. Cronbach's alpha score for the scale was 0.85, indicating high internal consistency. Factors were significantly and moderately interrelated (from r = 0.31 to r = 0.71). Further studies are needed to establish the psychometric validity of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paneque
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fidjy Rodrigues
- CHUC - Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Saraiva
- CHUC - Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Leonardo
- CHULN-HSM - Serviço de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Ana B Sousa
- CHULN-HSM - Serviço de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte - Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
| | - Vânia Machado
- EPER - Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Sequeiros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Universidade do Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marina Serra de Lemos
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Psicologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Alev K, Kütt A, Viigimaa M. Disclosing Pharmacogenetic Feedback of Caffeine via eHealth Channels, Assessment of the Methods and Effects to Behavior Change: A Pilot Study. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:567656. [PMID: 34713041 PMCID: PMC8521856 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.567656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The integration of genetic testing into eHealth applications holds great promise for the personalization of disease prevention guidelines. However, relatively little is known about the impact of eHealth applications on an individual's behavior. Aim: The aim of the pilot study was to investigate the effect of the personalized eHealth application approach to behavior change in a 1-month follow-up period on groups with previously known and unknown caffeine impacts. Method: We created a direct-to-consumer approach that includes providing relevant information and personalized reminders and goals on the digital device regarding the caffeine intake for two groups of individuals: the intervention group (IG) with the genetic raw data available and the control group (CG) to test the impact of the same content (article about caffeine metabolism) on participants without the genetic test. Study participants were all Estonians (n = 160). Results: The study suggests that eHealth applications work for short-term behavior change. Participants in the genetic IG tended to increase caffeine intake if they were informed about caffeine not being harmful. They reported feeling better physically and/or mentally after their behavioral change decision during the period of the study. Conclusions: Our pilot study revealed that eHealth applications may have a positive effect for short-term behavior change, regardless of a prior genetic test. Further studies among larger study groups are required to achieve a better understanding about behavior change of individuals in the field of personalized medicine and eHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerti Alev
- Digital Health, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Kütt
- Information Technology and Communication Technologies, Information Technology Department, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Margus Viigimaa
- North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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10
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Aleman KM, Chipman M, Peck JL, Hughes AK, Murphey C. Direct to consumer genetic and genomic testing with associated implications for advanced nursing practice. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 34:381-388. [PMID: 34107502 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Direct-to-consumer genetic and genomic testing (DTCGT) has paved the way for consumers to gain information about their genetic makeup. Consumers may seek DTCGT to estimate ethnic background, identify genetic relations, or obtain raw DNA information that can be used for other purposes, such as testing for paternity and identifying genetically linked illnesses. Despite robust progress in genetic and genomic testing, most people have a low exposure threshold to DTCGT. Patient consumers may unnecessarily experience anxiety if they do not have a health care provider (HCP) to consult and review their results. Presently, there is a knowledge gap in how accurately HCPs can interpret and communicate genetic test results to patients compared with genetic specialists who may be inaccessible to underserved populations. Genetic and genomic information is rapidly progressing in health care and can identify patients at increased risk for certain diseases and improve patient care and outcomes. Appropriate use of genetic and genomic testing and knowing the limitations and difficulties of current testing available are integral to the success of HCPs in using these results in health promotion and improving quality of life. Health care providers should be aware of DTCGT recommendations and implications for patients, be prepared to counsel patients who present with testing results in hand, seeking advisement, and be competent in determining the need for further diagnostic testing or referral to a specialist genetic counselor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica L Peck
- National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, New York, New York
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Ashley K Hughes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Home Based Primary Care, Temple, Texas
| | - Christina Murphey
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas
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11
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Hallquist MLG, Tricou EP, Ormond KE, Savatt JM, Coughlin CR, Faucett WA, Hercher L, Levy HP, O'Daniel JM, Peay HL, Stosic M, Smith M, Uhlmann WR, Wand H, Wain KE, Buchanan AH. Application of a framework to guide genetic testing communication across clinical indications. Genome Med 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 33926532 PMCID: PMC8086064 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic information is increasingly relevant across healthcare. Traditional genetic counseling (GC) may limit access to genetic information and may be more information and support than some individuals need. We report on the application and clinical implications of a framework to consistently integrate genetics expertise where it is most useful to patients. Methods The Clinical Genome Resource’s (ClinGen) Consent and Disclosure Recommendations (CADRe) workgroup designed rubrics to guide pre- and post-genetic test communication. Using a standard set of testing indications, pre- and post-test rubrics were applied to 40 genetic conditions or testing modalities with diverse features, including variability in levels of penetrance, clinical actionability, and evidence supporting a gene-disease relationship. Final communication recommendations were reached by group consensus. Results Communication recommendations were determined for 478 unique condition-indication or testing-indication pairs. For half of the conditions and indications (238/478), targeted discussions (moderate communication depth) were the recommended starting communication level for pre- and post-test conversations. Traditional GC was recommended pre-test for adult-onset neurodegenerative conditions for individuals with no personal history and post-test for most conditions when genetic testing revealed a molecular diagnosis as these situations are likely higher in complexity and uncertainty. A brief communication approach was recommended for more straightforward conditions and indications (e.g., familial hypercholesterolemia; familial variant testing). Conclusions The CADRe recommendations provide guidance for clinicians in determining the depth of pre- and post-test communication, strategically aligning the anticipated needs of patients with the starting communication approach. Shorter targeted discussions or brief communications are suggested for many tests and indications. Longer traditional GC consultations would be reserved for patients with more complex and uncertain situations where detailed information, education, and psychological support can be most beneficial. Future studies of the CADRe communication framework will be essential for determining if CADRe-informed care supports quality patient experience while improving access to genetic information across healthcare. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00887-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric P Tricou
- Geisinger, 100 N Academy Blvd, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.,Department of Genetics and Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kelly E Ormond
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Curtis R Coughlin
- University of Colorado Department of Pediatrics and Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | | | - Laura Hercher
- Sarah Lawrence College Joan H. Marks Graduate Program in Human Genetics, 1 Mead Way, Bronxville, NY, 10708, USA
| | - Howard P Levy
- Johns Hopkins University Division of General Internal Medicine and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 0753 Falls Rd, Suite 325, Lutherville, MD, USA
| | - Julianne M O'Daniel
- Department of Genetics Genetic Medicine Building, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Rd, CB # 7264, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Holly L Peay
- RTI International, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Melissa Stosic
- DotLab, 780 E Main St, Suite 1, Branford, CT, 06405, USA
| | - Maureen Smith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 310 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA
| | - Wendy R Uhlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan Medicine, 300 North Ingalls, NI3 A03, SPC 5419, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5419, USA
| | - Hannah Wand
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Karen E Wain
- Geisinger, 100 N Academy Blvd, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
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12
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Amendola LM, Golden-Grant K, Scollon S. Scaling Genetic Counseling in the Genomics Era. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2021; 22:339-355. [PMID: 33722076 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-110320-121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of massively parallel sequencing-based genomic sequencing tests has increased genetic test availability and access. The field and practice of genetic counseling have adapted in response to this paradigm-shifting technology and the subsequent transition to practicing genomic medicine. While the key elements defining genetic counseling remain relevant, genetic counseling service delivery models and practice settings have evolved. Genetic counselors are addressing the challenges of direct-to-consumer and consumer-driven genetic testing, and genetic counseling training programs are responding to the ongoing increased demand for genetic counseling services across a broadening range of contexts. The need to diversify both the patient and participant groups with access to genetic information, as well as the field of genetic counseling, is at the forefront of research and training program initiatives. Genetic counselors are key stakeholders in the genomics era, and their contributions are essential to effectively and equitably deliver precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Amendola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; ,
| | - Katie Golden-Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; ,
| | - Sarah Scollon
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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13
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Shickh S, Rafferty SA, Clausen M, Kodida R, Mighton C, Panchal S, Lorentz J, Ward T, Watkins N, Elser C, Eisen A, Carroll JC, Glogowski E, Schrader KA, Lerner-Ellis J, Kim RH, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Bombard Y. The role of digital tools in the delivery of genomic medicine: enhancing patient-centered care. Genet Med 2021; 23:1086-1094. [PMID: 33654192 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alternative models of genetic counseling are needed to meet the rising demand for genomic sequencing. Digital tools have been proposed as a method to augment traditional counseling and reduce burden on professionals; however, their role in delivery of genetic counseling is not established. This study explored the role of the Genomics ADvISER, a digital decision aid, in delivery of genomic counseling. METHODS We performed secondary analysis of 52 pretest genetic counseling sessions that were conducted over the course of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the Genomics ADvISER. As part of the trial, participants were randomized to receive standard counseling or use the tool and then speak with a counselor. A qualitative interpretive description approach using thematic analysis and constant comparison was used for analysis. RESULTS In the delivery of genomic counseling, the Genomics ADvISER contributed to enhancing counseling by (1) promoting informed dialogue, (2) facilitating preference-sensitive deliberation, and (3) deepening personalization of decisions, all of which represent fundamental principles of patient-centered care: providing clear high-quality information, respecting patients' values, preferences, and expressed needs, and providing emotional support. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that our digital tool contributed to enhancing patient-centered care in the delivery of genomic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shickh
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara A Rafferty
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Clausen
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Kodida
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe Mighton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seema Panchal
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Ward
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Christine Elser
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Eisen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl Shuman
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Bombard
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Yuen J, Lee SY, Courtney E, Lim J, Soh H, Li ST, Chen Y, McAllister M, Fenwick EK, Ngeow J. Evaluating empowerment in genetic counseling using patient‐reported outcomes. Clin Genet 2019; 97:246-256. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Yuen
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Suat Y. Lee
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Eliza Courtney
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - John Lim
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological SciencesNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Hazel Soh
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Shao T. Li
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanni Chen
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Marion McAllister
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Eva K. Fenwick
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Health Services Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
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15
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Taylor CO, Tarczy-Hornoch P. Personalized Medicine Implementation with Non-traditional Data Sources: A Conceptual Framework and Survey of the Literature. Yearb Med Inform 2019; 28:181-189. [PMID: 31419830 PMCID: PMC6697507 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1677916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the explosive growth in availability of health data captured using non-traditional sources, the goal for this work was to evaluate the current biomedical literature on theory- driven studies investigating approaches that leverage non- traditional data in personalized medicine applications. METHODS We conducted a literature assessment guided by the personalized medicine unsolicited health information (pUHl) conceptual framework incorporating diffusion of innovations and task-technology fit theories. RESULTS The assessment provided an oveiview of the current literature and highlighted areas for future research. In particular, there is a need for: more research on the relationship between attributes of innovation and of societal structure on adoption; new study designs to enable flexible communication channels; more work to create and study approaches in healthcare settings; and more theory-driven studies with data-driven interventions. CONCLUSION This work introduces to an informatics audience an elaboration on personalized medicine implementation with non-traditional data sources by blending it with the pUHl conceptual framework to help explain adoption. We highlight areas to pursue future theory-driven research on personalized medicine applications that leverage non-traditional data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Tarczy-Hornoch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Mighton C, Carlsson L, Clausen M, Casalino S, Shickh S, McCuaig L, Joshi E, Panchal S, Graham T, Aronson M, Piccinin C, Winter-Paquette L, Semotiuk K, Lorentz J, Mancuso T, Ott K, Silberman Y, Elser C, Eisen A, Kim RH, Lerner-Ellis J, Carroll JC, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Bombard Y. Development of patient "profiles" to tailor counseling for incidental genomic sequencing results. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1008-1017. [PMID: 30846854 PMCID: PMC6777527 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Guidelines recommend that providers engage patients in shared decision-making about receiving incidental results (IR) prior to genomic sequencing (GS), but this can be time-consuming, given the myriad of IR and variation in patients' preferences. We aimed to develop patient profiles to inform pre-test counseling for IR. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants as a part of a randomized trial of the GenomicsADvISER.com, a decision aid for selecting IR. Interviews explored factors participants considered when deliberating over learning IR. Interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis and constant comparison. Participants were mostly female (28/31) and about half of them were over the age of 50 (16/31). We identified five patient profiles that reflect common contextual factors, attitudes, concerns, and perceived utility of IR. Information Enthusiasts self-identified as "planners" and valued learning most or all IR to enable planning and disease prevention because "knowledge is power". Concerned Individuals defined themselves as "anxious," and were reluctant to learn IR, anticipating negative psychological impacts from IR. Contemplators were discerning about the value and limitations of IR, weighing health benefits with the impacts of not being able to "un-know" information. Individuals of Advanced Life Stage did not consider IR relevant for themselves and primarily considered their implications for family members. Reassurance Seekers were reassured by previous negative genetic test results which shaped their expectations for receiving no IR: "hopefully [GS will] be negative, too. And then I can rest easy". These profiles could inform targeted counseling for IR by providing a framework to address common values, concerns. and misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Mighton
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Salma Shickh
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura McCuaig
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esha Joshi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seema Panchal
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Graham
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Winter-Paquette
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kara Semotiuk
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Talia Mancuso
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Ott
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrea Eisen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Yvonne Bombard
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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18
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What have we been trying to do and have we been any good at it? A history of measuring the success of genetic counseling. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:300-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Schmidt JL, Maas R, Altmeyer SR. Genetic counseling for consumer‐driven whole exome and whole genome sequencing: A commentary on early experiences. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:449-455. [DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxanne Maas
- Roxanne Maas Consulting Redondo Beach California
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20
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Hong SJ, Biesecker B, Ivanovich J, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Factors affecting breast cancer patients' need for genetic risk information: From information insufficiency to information need. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:543-557. [PMID: 30675956 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Information-seeking models typically focus on information-seeking behaviors based on individuals' interest in information, because their current level is perceived to be insufficient. In the context of genetic risk information (GRI), however, information insufficiency is difficult to measure and thus can limit understanding of information behavior in the context of GRI. We propose that an individual's need for information might be a more direct and conceptually clearer alternative to predicting their information-seeking behavior. To test this hypothesis, this study investigates the extent to which previously identified factors affecting interest in GRI are also predictors of need for GRI among women diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 40 or younger (N = 1,069). As hypothesized, there was a positive association between interest in and need for GRI. Furthermore, hypothesized factors of numeracy, information orientation, and genetic knowledge were significant predictors of increased interest in and need for GRI. In contrast, hypothesized factors of genetic worry and genetic causal belief predicted increased interest in GRI only, while genetic self-efficacy predicted increased need for GRI only. As hypothesized, BRCA status significantly moderated associations between informational norm and both interest in and need for GRI. Collectively, the findings support inclusion of need for GRI in theoretical information-seeking models in the context of genomic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Hong
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly A Kaphingst
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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21
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Pacyna JE, Radecki Breitkopf C, Jenkins SM, Sutton EJ, Horrow C, Kullo IJ, Sharp RR. Should pretest genetic counselling be required for patients pursuing genomic sequencing? Results from a survey of participants in a large genomic implementation study. J Med Genet 2018; 56:317-324. [PMID: 30580287 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the decision-making of individuals pursuing genomic sequencing without a requirement for pretest genetic counselling. We sought to describe the extent to which individuals who decline genetic counselling reported decisional conflict or struggled to make a decision to pursue genomic testing. METHODS We administered a 100-item survey to 3037 individuals who consented to the Return of Actionable Variants Empirical study, a genomic medicine implementation study supported by the National Institutes of Health (USA) eMERGE consortium. The primary outcomes of interest were self-reported decisional conflict about the decision to participate in the study and time required to reach a decision. RESULTS We received 2895 completed surveys (response rate=95.3%), and of these respondents 97.8% completed the decisional conflict scale in its entirety. A majority of individuals (63%) had minimal or no decisional conflict about the pursuit of genomic sequencing and were able to reach a decision quickly (78%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified several characteristics associated with decisional conflict, including lower education, lower health literacy, lower self-efficacy in coping, lack of prior experience with genetic testing, not discussing study participation with a family member or friend, and being male. CONCLUSION As genomic sequencing is used more widely, genetic counselling resources may not be sufficient to meet demand. Our results challenge the notion that all individuals need genetic counselling in order to make an informed decision about genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Pacyna
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erica J Sutton
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caroline Horrow
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard R Sharp
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Sturm AC, Schmidlen T, Scheinfeldt L, Hovick S, McElroy JP, Toland AE, Roberts JS, Sweet K. Early Outcome Data Assessing Utility of a Post-Test Genomic Counseling Framework for the Scalable Delivery of Precision Health. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8030025. [PMID: 30046027 PMCID: PMC6164140 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on patients’ preferences is essential to guide the development of more efficient genomic counseling service delivery models. We examined patient preferences in the context of use of a post-test genomic counseling framework on patients (n = 44) with chronic disease receiving online test reports for eight different diseases and one drug-response result. We also explored patients’ disease risk awareness, recall of test report information, and confidence in knowing what to do with their test results. Prior to the post-test genomic counseling session, all participants viewed at least one test report; 81.6% of available test reports were reviewed in total. Participants requested more phone (36) than in-person counseling sessions (8), and phone sessions were shorter (mean 29.1 min; range 12–75 min) than in-person sessions (mean 52.8 min; range 23–85 min). A total of 182 test reports were discussed over the course of 44 counseling sessions (mean 4.13, range 1–9). Thirty-six (81.8%) participants requested assessment for additional medical/family history concerns. In exploring patient experiences of disease risk awareness and recall, no significant differences were identified in comparison to those of participants (n = 199) that had received in-person post-test genomic counseling in a parent study randomized controlled trial (RCT). In summary, a novel post-test genomic counseling framework allowed for a tailored approach to counseling based on the participants’ predetermined choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Sturm
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17821, USA.
| | - Tara Schmidlen
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17821, USA.
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, 403 Haddon Avenue, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Laura Scheinfeldt
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, 403 Haddon Avenue, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Shelly Hovick
- School of Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214, USA.
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
| | - J Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kevin Sweet
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
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Costa C, Lemos MS, Paneque M. The Contribution of the Reciprocal-Engagement Model as a Theoretical Framework of a Portuguese Scale for Quality Assessment of Genetic Counseling. J Genet Couns 2018; 27:1005-1007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-018-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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