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Pleasance E, Bohm A, Williamson LM, Nelson JMT, Shen Y, Bonakdar M, Titmuss E, Csizmok V, Wee K, Hosseinzadeh S, Grisdale CJ, Reisle C, Taylor GA, Lewis E, Jones MR, Bleile D, Sadeghi S, Zhang W, Davies A, Pellegrini B, Wong T, Bowlby R, Chan SK, Mungall KL, Chuah E, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Zhao Y, Deol B, Fisic A, Fok A, Regier DA, Weymann D, Schaeffer DF, Young S, Yip S, Schrader K, Levasseur N, Taylor SK, Feng X, Tinker A, Savage KJ, Chia S, Gelmon K, Sun S, Lim H, Renouf DJ, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Laskin J. Whole genome and transcriptome analysis enhances precision cancer treatment options. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:939-949. [PMID: 35691590 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances are enabling delivery of precision genomic medicine to cancer clinics. While the majority of approaches profile panels of selected genes or hotspot regions, comprehensive data provided by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis (WGTA) presents an opportunity to align a much larger proportion of patients to therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples from 570 patients with advanced or metastatic cancer of diverse types enrolled in the Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program underwent WGTA. DNA-based data, including mutations, copy number, and mutation signatures, were combined with RNA-based data, including gene expression and fusions, to generate comprehensive WGTA profiles. A multidisciplinary molecular tumour board used WGTA profiles to identify and prioritize clinically actionable alterations and inform therapy. Patient responses to WGTA-informed therapies were collected. RESULTS Clinically actionable targets were identified for 83% of patients, 37% of whom received WGTA-informed treatments. RNA expression data were particularly informative, contributing to 67% of WGTA-informed treatments; 25% of treatments were informed by RNA expression alone. Of a total 248 WGTA-informed treatments, 46% resulted in clinical benefit. RNA expression data were comparable to DNA-based mutation and copy number data in aligning to clinically beneficial treatments. Genome signatures also guided therapeutics including platinum, PARP inhibitors, and immunotherapies. Patients accessed WGTA-informed treatments through clinical trials (19%), off-label use (35%), and as standard therapies (46%) including those which would not otherwise have been the next choice of therapy, demonstrating the utility of genomic information to direct use of chemotherapies as well as targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Integrating RNA expression and genome data illuminated treatment options that resulted in 46% of treated patients experiencing positive clinical benefit, supporting the use of comprehensive WGTA profiling in clinical cancer care. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02155621.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - A Bohm
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - L M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - J M T Nelson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - Y Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - M Bonakdar
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - E Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - V Csizmok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - K Wee
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S Hosseinzadeh
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - C J Grisdale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - C Reisle
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - G A Taylor
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - E Lewis
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - M R Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - D Bleile
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S Sadeghi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - W Zhang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - A Davies
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - B Pellegrini
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - T Wong
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - R Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S K Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - K L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - E Chuah
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - A J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - R A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - Y Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - B Deol
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - A Fisic
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - A Fok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - D A Regier
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - D Weymann
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - D F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver
| | - S Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - S Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - K Schrader
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - N Levasseur
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S K Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Kelowna
| | - X Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Victoria
| | - A Tinker
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - K J Savage
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - K Gelmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - S Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - H Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver
| | - D J Renouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver
| | - S J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - J Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver.
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Selvarajah S, Schrader K, Kolinsky M, Rendon R, El Hallani S, Fleshner N, Hotte S, Lorentz J, Panabaker K, Perrier R, Pouliot F, Spatz A, Yip S, Chi K. Recommendations for the implementation of genetic testing for metastatic prostate cancer patients in Canada. Can Urol Assoc J 2022; 16:321-332. [DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic testing in advanced prostate cancer is rapidly moving to become standard of care. Testing for genetic alterations in genes involved in DNA repair pathways, particularly those implicated in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) can inform selection of optimal therapies, as well as provide information about familial cancer risks. However, there are currently no consistent Canadian guidelines in place for genetic testing in mPCa.
Methods: A multidisciplinary steering committee guided the process of an environmental scan to define the current landscape, as well as the perceived challenges, through interviews with specialists from 14 sites across Canada. The challenges most commonly identified include limited testing guidelines and protocols, inadequate education and awareness, and insufficient resources. Following the environmental scan, an expert multidisciplinary working group with pan-Canadian representation from medical oncologists, urologists, medical geneticists, genetic counsellors, pathologists, and clinical laboratory scientists convened in virtual meetings to discuss the challenges in implementation of genetic testing in mPCa across Canada.
Results: Key recommendations from the working group include implementation of germline and tumor HRR testing for all metastatic patients, with a mainstreaming model in which non-geneticist clinicians can initiate germline testing. The working group defined the roles and responsibilities of the various health care providers (HCPs) involved in the genetic testing pathway for mPCa patients. In addition, the educational needs for all HCPs involved in the genetic testing pathway for mPCa were defined.
Conclusions: As genetic testing for mPCa becomes standard of care, additional resources and investments will be required to implement the changes that will be needed to support the necessary volume of genetic testing, to ensure equitable access, and to provide education to all stakeholders.
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Hirjikaka D, Kodida R, Clausen M, Shickh S, Reble E, Mighton C, Sam J, Krishnapillai S, Adi-Wauran E, Feldman G, Glogowski E, Shastri-Estrada S, Scheer A, Seto E, Shuman C, Baxter NN, Eisen A, Elser C, Kim R, Lerner-Ellis J, Carroll J, Schrader K, Faghfoury H, Bombard Y. eP299: Genetics adviser: The development and usability testing of a new patient-centered digital health application to support clinical genomic testing. Genet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mighton C, Clausen M, Sebastian A, Muir S, Shickh S, Baxter NN, Scheer A, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Thorpe K, Kim T, Lerner-Ellis J, Kim R, Regier D, Bayoumi A, Bombard Y. eP502: How will returning variants of uncertain significance impact healthcare use? A cross-sectional survey. Genet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Pleasance E, Titmuss E, Williamson L, Kwan H, Culibrk L, Zhao EY, Dixon K, Fan K, Bowlby R, Jones MR, Shen Y, Grewal JK, Ashkani J, Wee K, Grisdale CJ, Thibodeau ML, Bozoky Z, Pearson H, Majounie E, Vira T, Shenwai R, Mungall KL, Chuah E, Davies A, Warren M, Reisle C, Bonakdar M, Taylor GA, Csizmok V, Chan SK, Zong Z, Bilobram S, Muhammadzadeh A, D’Souza D, Corbett RD, MacMillan D, Carreira M, Choo C, Bleile D, Sadeghi S, Zhang W, Wong T, Cheng D, Brown SD, Holt RA, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Zhao Y, Nelson J, Fok A, Ma Y, Lee MKC, Lavoie JM, Mendis S, Karasinska JM, Deol B, Fisic A, Schaeffer DF, Yip S, Schrader K, Regier DA, Weymann D, Chia S, Gelmon K, Tinker A, Sun S, Lim H, Renouf DJ, Laskin J, Jones SJM, Marra MA. Pan-cancer analysis of advanced patient tumors reveals interactions between therapy and genomic landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:452-468. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Mighton C, Carlsson L, Clausen M, Casalino S, Shickh S, McCuaig L, Joshi E, Panchal S, Graham T, Aronson M, Piccinin C, Winter-Paquette L, Semotiuk K, Lorentz J, Mancuso T, Ott K, Silberman Y, Elser C, Eisen A, Kim RH, Lerner-Ellis J, Carroll JC, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Bombard Y. Development of patient "profiles" to tailor counseling for incidental genomic sequencing results. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1008-1017. [PMID: 30846854 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Guidelines recommend that providers engage patients in shared decision-making about receiving incidental results (IR) prior to genomic sequencing (GS), but this can be time-consuming, given the myriad of IR and variation in patients' preferences. We aimed to develop patient profiles to inform pre-test counseling for IR. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants as a part of a randomized trial of the GenomicsADvISER.com, a decision aid for selecting IR. Interviews explored factors participants considered when deliberating over learning IR. Interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis and constant comparison. Participants were mostly female (28/31) and about half of them were over the age of 50 (16/31). We identified five patient profiles that reflect common contextual factors, attitudes, concerns, and perceived utility of IR. Information Enthusiasts self-identified as "planners" and valued learning most or all IR to enable planning and disease prevention because "knowledge is power". Concerned Individuals defined themselves as "anxious," and were reluctant to learn IR, anticipating negative psychological impacts from IR. Contemplators were discerning about the value and limitations of IR, weighing health benefits with the impacts of not being able to "un-know" information. Individuals of Advanced Life Stage did not consider IR relevant for themselves and primarily considered their implications for family members. Reassurance Seekers were reassured by previous negative genetic test results which shaped their expectations for receiving no IR: "hopefully [GS will] be negative, too. And then I can rest easy". These profiles could inform targeted counseling for IR by providing a framework to address common values, concerns. and misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Mighton
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Salma Shickh
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura McCuaig
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esha Joshi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seema Panchal
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Graham
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melyssa Aronson
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Winter-Paquette
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kara Semotiuk
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Talia Mancuso
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Ott
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrea Eisen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Yvonne Bombard
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Bombard Y, Clausen M, Mighton C, Carlsson L, Casalino S, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Evans M, Scheer A, Baxter N, Hamilton JG, Lerner-Ellis J, Offit K, Robson M, Laupacis A. The Genomics ADvISER: development and usability testing of a decision aid for the selection of incidental sequencing results. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:984-995. [PMID: 29703952 PMCID: PMC6018661 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guidelines recommend patients be informed of their incidental results (IR) when undergoing genomic sequencing (GS), yet there are limited tools to support patients' decisions about learning IR. The aim of this study is to develop and test the usability of a decision aid (DA) to guide patients' selection of IR, and to describe patients' preferences for learning IR following use of the DA. We developed and evaluated a DA using an iterative, mixed-methods process consisting of (1) prototype development, (2) feasibility testing, (3) cognitive interviews, (4) design and programming, and (5) usability testing. We created an interactive online DA called the Genomics ADvISER, a genomics decision AiD about Incidental SEquencing Results. The Genomics ADvISER begins with an educational whiteboard video, and then engages users in a values clarification exercise, knowledge quiz and final choice step, based on a 'binning' framework. Participants found the DA acceptable and intuitive to use. They were enthusiastic towards GS and IR; all selected multiple categories of IR. The Genomics ADvISER is a new patient-centered tool to support the clinical delivery of incidental GS results. The Genomics ADvISER fills critical care gaps, given the health care system's limited genomics expertise and capacity to convey the large volume of IR and their myriad of implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bombard
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Marc Clausen
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe Mighton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Selina Casalino
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Evans
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adena Scheer
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Baxter
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Mount Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Laupacis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Wong HL, Yang KC, Shen Y, Zhao EY, Loree JM, Kennecke HF, Kalloger SE, Karasinska JM, Lim HJ, Mungall AJ, Feng X, Davies JM, Schrader K, Zhou C, Karsan A, Jones SJM, Laskin J, Marra MA, Schaeffer DF, Gorski SM, Renouf DJ. Molecular characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) using whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002329. [PMID: 29092957 PMCID: PMC5793777 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a genomically and clinically heterogeneous group of pancreatic neoplasms often diagnosed with distant metastases. Recurrent somatic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and gene expression signatures in PNETs have been described, but the clinical significance of these molecular changes is still poorly understood, and the clinical outcomes of PNET patients remain highly variable. To help identify the molecular factors that contribute to PNET progression and metastasis, and as part of an ongoing clinical trial at the BC Cancer Agency (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02155621), the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of liver metastases from five patients (four PNETs and one neuroendocrine carcinoma) were analyzed. In four of the five cases, we identified biallelic loss of MEN1 and DAXX as well as recurrent regions with loss of heterozygosity. Several novel findings were observed, including focal amplification of MYCN concomitant with loss of APC and TP53 in one sample with wild-type MEN1 and DAXX. Transcriptome analyses revealed up-regulation of MYCN target genes in this sample, confirming a MYCN-driven gene expression signature. We also identified a germline NTHL1 fusion event in one sample that resulted in a striking C>T mutation signature profile not previously reported in PNETs. These varying molecular alterations suggest different cellular pathways may contribute to PNET progression, consistent with the heterogeneous clinical nature of this disease. Furthermore, genomic profiles appeared to correlate well with treatment response, lending support to the role of prospective genotyping efforts to guide therapy in PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Wong
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Kevin C Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Eric Y Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Hagen F Kennecke
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Steve E Kalloger
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Division of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | | | - Howard J Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Xiaolan Feng
- Vancouver Island Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Janine M Davies
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Kasmintan Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chen Zhou
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Division of Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
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l’Orteye A, Orlowski K, Tetzlaff L, Thiers A, Schrader K, Schrader T. An abstraction layer for assessments in physiotherapy – the Brandenburg patient profile for health services research. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Laskin J, Ho C, Shen Y, Jones M, Gelmon K, Lim H, Renouf D, Yip S, Tinker A, Khoo K, Lohrisch C, Chia S, Deol B, Schrader K, Ma Y, Moore R, Mungall A, Jones S, Marra M. Availability of tumour gene expression data facilitates clinical decision-making for patients with advanced cancers. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Laskin J, Jones S, Aparicio S, Chia S, Ch'ng C, Deyell R, Eirew P, Fok A, Gelmon K, Ho C, Huntsman D, Jones M, Kasaian K, Karsan A, Leelakumari S, Li Y, Lim H, Ma Y, Mar C, Martin M, Moore R, Mungall A, Mungall K, Pleasance E, Rassekh SR, Renouf D, Shen Y, Schein J, Schrader K, Sun S, Tinker A, Zhao E, Yip S, Marra MA. Lessons learned from the application of whole-genome analysis to the treatment of patients with advanced cancers. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 1:a000570. [PMID: 27148575 PMCID: PMC4850882 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the success of targeted agents in specific populations it is expected that some degree of molecular biomarker testing will become standard of care for many, if not all, cancers. To facilitate this, cancer centers worldwide are experimenting with targeted “panel” sequencing of selected mutations. Recent advances in genomic technology enable the generation of genome-scale data sets for individual patients. Recognizing the risk, inherent in panel sequencing, of failing to detect meaningful somatic alterations, we sought to establish processes to integrate data from whole-genome analysis (WGA) into routine cancer care. Between June 2012 and August 2014, 100 adult patients with incurable cancers consented to participate in the Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study. Fresh tumor and blood samples were obtained and used for whole-genome and RNA sequencing. Computational approaches were used to identify candidate driver mutations, genes, and pathways. Diagnostic and drug information were then sought based on these candidate “drivers.” Reports were generated and discussed weekly in a multidisciplinary team setting. Other multidisciplinary working groups were assembled to establish guidelines on the interpretation, communication, and integration of individual genomic findings into patient care. Of 78 patients for whom WGA was possible, results were considered actionable in 55 cases. In 23 of these 55 cases, the patients received treatments motivated by WGA. Our experience indicates that a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and scientists can implement a paradigm in which WGA is integrated into the care of late stage cancer patients to inform systemic therapy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa Laskin
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Steven Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Stephen Chia
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ch'ng
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Deyell
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Peter Eirew
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Fok
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Karen Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Cheryl Ho
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - David Huntsman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada;; University of British Columbia, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Martin Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Katayoon Kasaian
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada;; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Sreeja Leelakumari
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yvonne Li
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Howard Lim
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Colin Mar
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Monty Martin
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Andrew Mungall
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Karen Mungall
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - S Rod Rassekh
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Daniel Renouf
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Schein
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Kasmintan Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Anna Tinker
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Eric Zhao
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada;; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Hart SN, Maxwell KN, Thomas T, Ravichandran V, Wubberhorst B, Klein RJ, Schrader K, Szabo C, Weitzel JN, Neuhausen SL, Nathanson K, Offit K, Couch FJ, Vijai J. Collaborative science in the next-generation sequencing era: a viewpoint on how to combine exome sequencing data across sites to identify novel disease susceptibility genes. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:672-7. [PMID: 26358132 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to inform readers about technical challenges that we encountered when assembling exome sequencing data from the 'Simplifying Complex Exomes' (SIMPLEXO) consortium-whose mandate is the discovery of novel genes predisposing to breast and ovarian cancers. Our motivation is to share these obstacles-and our solutions to them-as a means of communicating important technical details that should be discussed early in projects involving massively parallel sequencing.
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13
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Lim H, Schrader K, Young S, Fok A, Pleasance E, Jones M, Shen Y, Armstrong L, Virani A, Rassekh S, Deyell R, Yip S, Roscoe R, Karsan A, Marra M, Laskin J. 232 Management of germline findings revealed throughout the course of tumor-normal whole genome sequencing in oncology. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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D’Incecco P, Faoro F, Silvetti T, Schrader K, Pellegrino L. Mechanisms of Clostridium tyrobutyricum removal through natural creaming of milk: A microscopy study. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5164-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Joseph V, Walsh MF, Topka S, Wu G, McGee RB, Quinn E, Inaba H, Hartford C, Pui CH, Pappo AS, Edmonson M, Jacobs L, Danylo V, Schrader K, Gaddam P, Stadler Z, Zhang M, Stepensky P, Steinherz P, Bussel J, Harit M, Weintraub M, Shimamura A, Zhang J, Downing JR, Offit K, Nichols KE. Abstract 2033: Germline mutations in ETV6 confer risk of thrombocytopenia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations of transcription factors (e.g. PAX5, CEBPA, GATA2, RUNX1) have been associated with an inherited susceptibility to acute leukemia. Here we report 2 unrelated kindreds harboring germline mutations in ETV6, the gene encoding the transcription factor ETS variants 6. These kindreds were primarily characterized by thrombocytopenia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The first kindred, identified at MSKCC and HMC, includes 9 individuals with thrombocytopenia, and 3 individuals with pre-B ALL. Sequencing a subset of common and somatically altered leukemia genes in this family identified a rare heterozygous non-synonymous missense variation (T>C) in 6 family members with thrombocytopenia and 2 with ALL. Notably, this variant did not segregate in 9 individuals in the kindred without these phenotypes. The amino acid alteration is predicted to lead to an L349P substitution within the DNA binding domain of ETV6 (L349P, NPP_001978). In silico analyses using SIFT and Polyphen assigned pathogenic variant classifications to the L349P variant. The proband of the second family presented to SJCRH with pre-B ALL, a history of thrombocytopenia, and demonstrated hypersensitivity to methotrexate (grade 3 bone marrow suppression). His leukemia transformated to myelodsyplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, which was treated by unrelated donor transplantation. The proband's mother, maternal aunt and maternal grandfather had thrombocytopenia, and the maternal great grandfather was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. The proband and his mother were found to carry a heterozygous 5 bp deletion in ETV6, N385fs (c.1153-5_1153_1delAACAG), which is predicted to produce a truncated protein of 389 amino acids with the last 4 residues different from the canonical ETV6 sequence. This variant has not been described in public sequencing data repositories. Finally, a review of 1,120 cases from the SJCRH/Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project, including 588 cases of leukemia (among which 472 were ALL), revealed 3 rare germline ETV6 variants: L442P (n = 1), R181H (n = 1), and V37M (n = 1), with 2 of these variants L442P and R181H predicted to be pathogenic based on prediction and/or genomic location. Notably, these 2 variants each occurred in patients with ALL.
Collectively, these findings suggest that germline ETV6 mutations are associated with a novel syndrome of thrombocytopenia with susceptibility to leukemia. Furthermore, these mutations may account for approximately 0.4% (2/472) of pediatric ALL cases. Further phenotypic characterization of affected patients and functional assessment of ETV6 germline variants, in progress, will be required to reveal the clinical effects of these mutations, their incidence in patients with ALL and their role in leukemogenesis.
Citation Format: Vijai Joseph, Michael F. Walsh, Sabine Topka, Gang Wu, Rose B. McGee, Emily Quinn, Hiroto Inaba, Christine Hartford, Ching-Hon Pui, Alberto S. Pappo, Michael Edmonson, Lauren Jacobs, Villano Danylo, Kasmintan Schrader, Pragna Gaddam, Zsofia Stadler, Michael Zhang, Polina Stepensky, Peter Steinherz, James Bussel, M Harit, Michael Weintraub, Akiko Shimamura, Jinghui Zhang, James R. Downing, Kenneth Offit, Kim E. Nichols. Germline mutations in ETV6 confer risk of thrombocytopenia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2033. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2033
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Wu
- 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Emily Quinn
- 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- 2St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Harit
- 4Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Topka S, Vijai J, Walsh MF, Jacobs L, Maria A, Villano D, Gaddam P, Wu G, McGee RB, Quinn E, Inaba H, Hartford C, Pui CH, Pappo A, Edmonson M, Zhang MY, Stepensky P, Steinherz P, Schrader K, Lincoln A, Bussel J, Lipkin SM, Goldgur Y, Harit M, Stadler ZK, Mullighan C, Weintraub M, Shimamura A, Zhang J, Downing JR, Nichols KE, Offit K. Germline ETV6 Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Thrombocytopenia. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005262. [PMID: 26102509 PMCID: PMC4477877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations affecting ETV6 often occur in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood malignancy. The genetic factors that predispose to ALL remain poorly understood. Here we identify a novel germline ETV6 p. L349P mutation in a kindred affected by thrombocytopenia and ALL. A second ETV6 p. N385fs mutation was identified in an unrelated kindred characterized by thrombocytopenia, ALL and secondary myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemic cells from the proband in the second kindred showed deletion of wild type ETV6 with retention of the ETV6 p. N385fs. Enforced expression of the ETV6 mutants revealed normal transcript and protein levels, but impaired nuclear localization. Accordingly, these mutants exhibited significantly reduced ability to regulate the transcription of ETV6 target genes. Our findings highlight a novel role for ETV6 in leukemia predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Topka
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Walsh
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lauren Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danylo Villano
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pragna Gaddam
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gang Wu
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rose B. McGee
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily Quinn
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christine Hartford
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ching-hon Pui
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alberto Pappo
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Edmonson
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Y. Zhang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter Steinherz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Anne Lincoln
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James Bussel
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve M. Lipkin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yehuda Goldgur
- Structural Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mira Harit
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zsofia K. Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles Mullighan
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Weintraub
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James R. Downing
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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Alanee S, Schrader K, Offit K. Genitourinary Cancers Other than Prostate Cancer in a BRCA -tested Cohort from a Single Institution. Eur Urol 2015; 67:1196-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Maxwell KN, Guidugli L, Schrader K, Hart S, Joseph V, Thomas T, Wang X, Wubbenhorst B, Klein R, Domchek SM, Szabo C, Neuhausen S, Weitzel J, Nathanson KL, Offit K, Couch F. Abstract 1291: High and moderate penetrance germline mutations in a number of genes are responsible for a small proportion of familial breast cancer risk in BRCAx families. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) testing is uninformative in approximately 80% of families with clinical features of inherited susceptibility to breast cancer. Early identification of the individuals at risk in BRCAx families may lead to enhanced screening and prevention strategies, and potentially improved overall survival as has been seen for carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. A proportion of these families are likely explained by mutations in other high penetrance and moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Although multi-gene panels are now commercially available for clinical testing, only limited information is available on the spectrum of mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes in specific subgroups of high-risk breast cancer patients. We performed whole exome sequencing in 278 BRCA1/2 negative individuals with high-risk familial breast cancer, defined as a proband and at least two first or second degree relatives with breast cancer. Samples included 232 individuals from 97 families and 49 unrelated individuals, for a total of 146 independent cases. Data were analyzed for identification of all variants in 18 known high and moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, in addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2. Two of the 97 families and one of the 49 singletons (2% of independent cases) were found to have deleterious mutations in high penetrance genes, namely TP53 (2) and CDH1 (1). In addition, nine of 146 independent cases (6%) were found to have deleterious mutations in the other predisposition genes. Mutations in ATM and CHEK2 accounted for seven of the ten moderate penetrance mutations identified; additionally one family had a mutation in BLM, one in MRE11A, and one in PALB2. Furthermore, 15 of 146 independent cases (10%) were found to have variants of unknown significance (VUS) in one of eight genes. There were no deleterious mutations or VUS in eight of the 18 genes. Our data show that significant genetic heterogeneity exists in BRCAx families. Large-scale collaborative efforts will be required to attain sufficient power to understand how to appropriately apply these results clinically in cancer risk evaluation.
Citation Format: Kara N. Maxwell, Lucia Guidugli, Kasmintan Schrader, Steven Hart, Vijai Joseph, Tinu Thomas, Xianshu Wang, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Robert Klein, Susan M. Domchek, Csilla Szabo, Susan Neuhausen, Jeffrey Weitzel, Katherine L. Nathanson, Kenneth Offit, Fergus Couch. High and moderate penetrance germline mutations in a number of genes are responsible for a small proportion of familial breast cancer risk in BRCAx families. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1291. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1291
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vijai Joseph
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tinu Thomas
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Robert Klein
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth Offit
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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19
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Vijai J, Hart S, Thomas T, Wubbenhorst B, Guidugli L, Schrader K, Maxwell K, Jacobs L, Villano D, Klein R, Lipkin S, Neuhausen S, Weitzel J, Altshuler D, Couch F, Offit K, Nathanson K. Abstract 2378: Harmonization of next generation sequencing data within consortia for gene discovery in familial breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Massively parallel next generation sequencing data (NGS) has proved to be useful in identification of rare Mendelian disorders. Efforts are on-going to use NGS for discovery of novel rare variants in common disease etiology. Distinguishing rare private mutations from causal variants remains a major challenge in complex disorders. With decreasing cost, investigators are generating NGS data for common cancers. However, power and other considerations suggest that a consortia approach of pooling data is more likely to succeed where individual efforts fail. Combining data within such consortia brings its own level of challenges. We enumerate these challenges and suggest recommendations based on our experience of combining and harmonizing NGS data on 358 breast cancer samples from four centers; (City of Hope n=8, Mayo Clinic n=221, MSKCC n=96 and University of Pennsylvania n=33). Major concerns were ability of individual datasets to discover known and novel variations, depth of coverage across the exome, and quality of variants. Using pre- and post-processed data, we demonstrate an increased power for detecting variants when using a joint-calling method, quality control (QC) and quality assurance pre- and post-merge, as well as the advantages of combined annotations and filtering procedures. To generate a filtered list of high confident calls, we subset the data on Depth per Allele (DP), Genotyping Quality (GQ), Allele balance, Phred likelihood score (PL) as well as using frequency filters on the alternate allele both within the data and comparing against convenience control summaries. We describe general principles and QC measures to be adopted when NGS data is used from diverse sources, specifically applicable to large consortia.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Joseph Vijai, Steven Hart, Tinu Thomas, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Lucia Guidugli, Kasmintan Schrader, Kara Maxwell, Lauren Jacobs, Danylo Villano, Robert Klein, Steven Lipkin, Susan Neuhausen, Jeffrey Weitzel, David Altshuler, Fergus Couch, Kenneth Offit, Katherine Nathanson. Harmonization of next generation sequencing data within consortia for gene discovery in familial breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2378. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2378
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vijai
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Steven Hart
- 2Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tinu Thomas
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Bradley Wubbenhorst
- 3Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kasmintan Schrader
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Kara Maxwell
- 3Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren Jacobs
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Danylo Villano
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Robert Klein
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - David Altshuler
- 7Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Fergus Couch
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kenneth Offit
- 1Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, NY
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- 3Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Alanee S, Shah S, Vijai J, Schrader K, Hamilton R, Rau-Murthy R, Sarrel K, Manschreck C, Eastham J, Offit K. Prevalence of HOXB13 mutation in a population of Ashkenazi Jewish men treated for prostate cancer. Fam Cancer 2014; 12:597-600. [PMID: 23475555 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-013-9618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed a retrospective analysis of germline DNA samples from Ashkenazi Jewish men and a comparison group of non-Ashkenazi men treated for prostate cancer at our institution to determine the prevalence of HOXB13 G84E mutation in prostate cancer patients of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, an ethnic group common to the New York City area. Patients were genotyped for G84E using a TaqMan assay (Applied Biosystems). Positive cases were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Median age at prostate cancer diagnosis was 68 years for 889 Ashkenazi Jewish patients, 64 years for 920 non-Ashkenazi Jewish patients. The median follow up was 9 years for Ashkenazi Jewish patients and 8.8 years for non-Ashkenazi Jewish patients. Only 4 patients were found to be heterozygous carriers of G84E. They were all of non-Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and were diagnosed at 70, 66, 78, and 49 years of age. Two of them presented with high-risk prostate cancer. The prevalence of G84E in the non-Ashkenazi sample was 0.4%. HOXB13 G84E mutation was not observed in prostate cancer patients of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry treated at our institution. Screening for G84E, therefore, may be unnecessary in Ashkenazi Jewish men if these results are validated by other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Alanee
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, and Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Stratton K, Schrader K, Manschreck C, Rau-Murthy R, Corines M, Jacobs L, Dutcher J, Wiernik P, Palomba ML, Portlock C, Murali R, Klein R, Coleman J, Stadler Z, Offit K, Joseph V. MP30-12 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AND NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA: GENOMIC APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION OF SHARED SUSCEPTIBILITY. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kopp R, Stratton K, Garcia-Grossman I, Zabor E, Ostrovnaya I, Thomas T, Gerber G, Alanee S, Schrader K, Corines M, O'Donnell P, Bajorin D, Joseph V, Offit K. MP61-05 PILOT INVESTIGATION OF VARIANTS IN DNA REPAIR PATHWAYS AND ASSOCIATION WITH RESPONSE TO PLATINUM-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY IN BLADDER CANCER. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stratton K, Alanee S, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Rau-Murthy R, Klein R, Russo P, Coleman J, Offit K. PD10-05 OUTCOME OF GENETIC EVALUATION OF KIDNEY CANCER PATIENTS REFERRED FOR SUSPECTED HEREDITARY CANCER SYNDROMES. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kopp R, Stratton K, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Rau-Murthy R, Russo P, Coleman J, Offit K. MP36-06 UTILITY OF PROSPECTIVE PATHOLOGIC EVALUATION TO INFORM CLINICAL GENETIC TESTING FOR HEREDITARY LEIOMYOMATOSIS AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Southey MC, Park DJ, Nguyen-Dumont T, Campbell I, Thompson E, Trainer AH, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Thomassen M, Jønson L, Pedersen IS, Hansen TVO, Nevanlinna H, Khan S, Sinilnikova O, Mazoyer S, Lesueur F, Damiola F, Schmutzler R, Meindl A, Hahnen E, Dufault MR, Chris Chan TL, Kwong A, Barkardóttir R, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Devilee P, Hilbers F, Benitez J, Kvist A, Törngren T, Easton D, Hunter D, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Zheng W, Gao YT, Long J, Ramus S, Feng BJ, Weitzel JN, Nathanson K, Offit K, Joseph V, Robson M, Schrader K, Wang SM, Kim YC, Lynch H, Snyder C, Tavtigian S, Neuhausen S, Couch FJ, Goldgar DE. COMPLEXO: identifying the missing heritability of breast cancer via next generation collaboration. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:402. [PMID: 23809231 PMCID: PMC3706918 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Linkage analysis, positional cloning, candidate gene mutation scanning and genome-wide association study approaches have all contributed significantly to our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of breast cancer. Taken together, these approaches have identified genetic variation that explains approximately 30% of the overall familial risk of breast cancer, implying that more, and likely rarer, genetic susceptibility alleles remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ella Thompson
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Familial Cancer Center, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Penny Soucy
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Québec Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Soenderboulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge S Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Reberbansgade 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas VO Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki 4th floor PO BOX 700, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki 4th floor PO BOX 700, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Olga Sinilnikova
- CNRS UMR5286 INSERM U1052, Université Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Center Leon Berard, Lyon, France
- Unite Mixte de Genetique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Frequents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- CNRS UMR5286 INSERM U1052, Université Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Center Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- INSERM, Unité U900, Mines ParisTech, Equipe Epidémiologie Génétique des Cancers, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- CNRS UMR5286 INSERM U1052, Université Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Center Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar at the Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael R Dufault
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar at the Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - TL Chris Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR and Departments of Pathology and Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rosa Barkardóttir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland and BMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florentine Hilbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain and Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Anders Kvist
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Therese Törngren
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - David Hunter
- Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Susan Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bing-Jian Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte CA 91010, and the Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, USA
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- Translational Medicine and Human, Genetics and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kasmintan Schrader
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - San Ming Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yeong C Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Henry Lynch
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985145 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5145, USA
| | - Carrie Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985145 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5145, USA
| | - Sean Tavtigian
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine. and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Schrader K, Offit K, Stadler ZK. Genetic testing in gastrointestinal cancers: a case-based approach. Oncology (Williston Park) 2012; 26:433-6, 438, 444-6 passim. [PMID: 22730601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-risk genetic mutations that predispose individuals to various gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for only about 5% of the population burden of these diseases. However, because early identification of at-risk individuals can so dramatically affect primary disease prevention, it is imperative that families who harbor susceptibility to these cancers be identified. The benefits of determining an underlying genetic susceptibility are important both for an individual patient's ongoing management and for his or her family, where early identification of at-risk persons, along with the adoption of frequent cancer screenings and/or prophylactic risk-reduction surgeries, can have dramatic life-prolonging benefits. In this article, we use a case-based approach to focus on the hereditary aspects of the most common GI cancers, including pancreatic, gastric, and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasmintan Schrader
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Abstract
The efficacy of any cosmetic product containing a functional ingredient is determined by the skin delivery of the active molecule, which is influenced by the type of the vehicle and the molecule itself. This study was designed to compare the percutaneous absorption habits of the antioxidants carcinine and lipoic acid out of various formulations by means of the porcine skin model. Initial evaluation of the in vitro porcine skin model has demonstrated its feasibility for various substances and formulations [1, 2]. Increasing legal requirements for risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of this alternative test method. The penetration properties are determined by the OECD Guideline TG 428: Skin Absorption: in vitro Method [3, 4], which allows the use of porcine skin for penetration studies. Porcine skin is used because of its similarity to human skin in terms of its morphology and the essential permeation characteristics [5]. The mass balances for each tested formulation type of the antioxidants show individual penetration behaviours with significant differences. The presented data plainly demonstrate that the lipophilic lipoic acid has a distinct higher penetration potential than the hydrophilic carcinine. The chosen vehicle can enhance or reduce the transdermal delivery of both tested antioxidants. Modern effective cosmetic formulations will work only, if the active ingredients penetrate into the epidermis. In conclusion, the correct selection of a suitable formulation plays an important role during product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Richert
- Department of Toxicology, Institut Dr Schrader Creachem GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 6, 37603 Holzminden, Germany.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the world's leading causes of cancer mortality. A small percentage of cases can be attributed to heritable mutations in highly penetrant cancer susceptibility genes. In this chapter we will focus on the genetic cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Until 10 years ago, individuals from these families lived with the uncertainty of developing lethal gastric cancer. Today, HDGC families can be identified, tested for causative mutations in CDH1, and for those families where a pathogenic mutation can be identified, prophylactic total gastrectomy can be implemented in asymptomatic mutation carriers who elect to virtually eliminate their risk of developing this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasmintan Schrader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4E6.
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Borcherding K, Hoffmann W, Lorenzen P, Schrader K. Effect of milk homogenisation and foaming temperature on properties and microstructure of foams from pasteurised whole milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gramdorf S, Schrader K, Hermann S, Kraume M. Einsatz der Emulgiertechnik zur Erzeugung fester Lipidnanopartikel. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200750635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schrader K, Masciari S, Boyd N, Senz J, Kaurah P, Terry MB, John E, Andrulis IL, Knight J, O'Malley FP, Daly M, Bender P, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Garber J, Huntsman DG. THE ASSOCIATION OF LOBULAR BREAST CANCER WITH GERMLINE MUTATIONS OF CDH1. CLIN INVEST MED 2008. [DOI: 10.25011/cim.v31i4.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: CDH1 encodes the cell-cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, for which loss of expression facilitates the infiltrative and metastatic potential of cancers. Germline mutations in CDH1 are associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), and in this setting female carriers have been estimated to have a 39-50% risk of lobular breast cancer (LBC) by age 80 years.
Aim: To determine the frequency of CDH1 germline mutations inindividuals with early-onset LBC or those with LBC and a family history of multiple breast cancers but no gastric cancers.
Methods: Germline DNA analysis of CDH1 in women with LBC, for whom germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have been excluded, who have been (1) diagnosed before the age of 45 years or (2) diagnosed at any age and have a family history of breast cancer.
Results: Analysis of 194 LBC cases has thus far revealed two novel missense mutations predicted to affect protein function. Functional assays to assess their pathogenicity along with germline analyses of the remaining 200 cases are currently underway. Several unreported silent changes have also been identified and will be measured in a case- control sample to assess whether they are associated with LBC risk.
Conclusion: Germline CDH1 mutations may cause a small proportion of familial and early onset LBC.
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Borcherding K, Lorenzen P, Hoffmann W, Schrader K. Effect of foaming temperature and varying time/temperature-conditions of pre-heating on the foaming properties of skimmed milk. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grolle B, von der Wense A, Schrader K, Henne T, Riedel F, Kunkel P, Stücker R. Atemregulationsstörung bei Achondroplasie – ein interdisziplinäres Problem. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Manoharan A, Kiefer T, Leist S, Schrader K, Urban C, Walter D, Maurer U, Borner C. Identification of a 'genuine' mammalian homolog of nematodal CED-4: is the hunt over or do we need better guns? Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1310-7. [PMID: 16691212 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Manoharan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
The properties of casein micelles in milk concentrates are of interest for the use of ultrafiltered (UF) skim milk concentrates in dairy products, and for the general understanding of colloidal stability and behavior of the casein micelle. The rheological behavior of UF skim milk concentrate with a casein concentration of 19.5% (wt/wt) was investigated at different pH and NaCl concentrations by analyzing flow viscometry and small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. Viscometric flow curves were fitted to the Carreau-Yasuda model with the aim of determining values for the viscosity at infinite high shear rates and thereby estimate the voluminosity of the casein micelles (nu(casein)) in the UF concentrate. The voluminosity of the casein micelles increased with addition of NaCl and decreased when pH was decreased from 6.5 to 5.5. At pH 5.2, nu(casein) increased because of acid-induced aggregation of the casein micelles. The changes in nu(casein) could be interpreted from transmission electron microscopy of freeze-fractured samples of the UF concentrate and partly from dynamic light scattering measurements. Altered interactions between casein micelles due to different pH and NaCl concentrations are proposed to occur due to collapse of the kappa-casein layer, changed ionic strength, and altered distance between casein micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Karlsson
- Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Fredriksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
Aspartoacylase deficiency is a neurodegenerative disease which typically starts in the first months of life with muscular hypotonia and developmental standstill. One of the first diagnostic procedures in this situation is an ultrasound of the brain. There is little information available about sonographic changes in Canavan disease. We present for the first time an ultrasound follow-up in a proven case of aspartoacylase deficiency from 3 weeks to 22 months. High echogenicity of the white matter was present in the neonatal period. Additional sonographic phenomena resulting in a characteristic pattern were shown in further investigations. The distinctive sonomorphology is compared to a few other cases in the literature. The correlation to the neuropathological course of the white matter changes is discussed. Recognition of the sonographic features in addition to the clinical presentation may contribute to an effective biochemical work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Breitbach-Faller
- Abteilung Pädiatrische Neurologie, Universitäts-Kinderklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tellez M, Estell R, Fredrickson E, Powell J, Wedge D, Schrader K, Kobaisy M. Extracts of Flourensia cernua (L): volatile constituents and antifungal, antialgal, and antitermite bioactivities. J Chem Ecol 2001; 27:2263-73. [PMID: 11817080 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012283005014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical components of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) leaves were fractionated by extracting successively with hexanes, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Volatile profiles of each fraction were identified by using GC-MS. The hexanes fraction contained mostly monoterpenoids, while the ethanol fraction volatiles were primarily sesquiterpenoids. Crude fractions were tested for activity against fungi, algae, and termites. Application of as little as 1 microg of the essential oil from the hexanes fraction was sufficient to provide visible antifungal activity in bioautography assays. The diethyl ether fraction showed selective activity against the cyanobacterium responsible for the 2-methylisoborneol-induced off-flavor sometimes associated with catfish farming operations. All three fractions exhibited a high degree of antitermite activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tellez
- USDA/ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
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Schrader K. Instilling medication into chest tubes. Crit Care Nurse 2001. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn2001.21.3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Schrader K. Instilling medication into chest tubes. Crit Care Nurse 2001; 21:77-8. [PMID: 11858680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Bohlander SK, Muschinsky V, Schrader K, Siebert R, Schlegelberger B, Harder L, Schemmel V, Fonatsch C, Ludwig WD, Hiddemann W, Dreyling MH. Molecular analysis of the CALM/AF10 fusion: identical rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma patients. Leukemia 2000; 14:93-9. [PMID: 10637482 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recurring translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) which is found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results in the fusion of the putative transcription factor AF10 to CALM encoding a clathrin assembly protein. Previous studies using mainly fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis have shown that the CALM/AF10 rearrangement is found in immature acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of subtype M0 and M1 and in T cell ALL. In this study we analyzed the CALM/AF10 and AF10/CALM fusion mRNAs in a series of three patients with AML, one patient with T-ALL and two patients with precusor T lymphoblastic lymphoma. In all six patients the breakpoint in CALM is at the 3' end of the coding region (nt1926/1927 or nt 2091/2092). Three breakpoints could be identified in AF10 (nt 588/589, nt 882/883 and nt 978/979). These data demonstrate that the CALM/AF10 fusions found in patients differ only slightly with respect to the portion of AF10 present and that there is no obvious difference between the fusions found in AML patients compared to those found in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Leukemia (2000) 14, 93-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bohlander
- Institute of Human Genetics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Dreyling MH, Schrader K, Fonatsch C, Schlegelberger B, Haase D, Schoch C, Ludwig W, Löffler H, Büchner T, Wörmann B, Hiddemann W, Bohlander SK. MLL and CALM are fused to AF10 in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia with translocation t(10;11): both rearrangements are associated with a poor prognosis. Blood 1998; 91:4662-7. [PMID: 9616163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) has been observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A recent study showed a MLL/AF10 fusion in all cases of AML with t(10;11) and various breakpoints on chromosome 11 ranging from q13 to q23. We recently cloned CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia gene), the fusion partner of AF10 at 11q14 in the monocytic cell line U937. To further define the role of these genes in acute leukemias, 10 cases (9 AML and 1 ALL) with cytogenetically proven t(10;11)(p12-14;q13-21) and well-characterized morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical course were analyzed. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with 2 YACs flanking the CALM region, a YAC contig of the MLL region, and a YAC spanning the AF10 breakpoint. Rearrangement of at least one of these genes was detected in all cases with balanced t(10;11). In 4 cases, including 3 AML with immature morphology (1 AML-M0 and 2 AML-M1) and 1 ALL, the signals of the CALM YACS were separated in interphase cells, indicating a translocation breakpoint within the CALM region. MLL was rearranged in 3 AML with myelomonocytic differentiation (2 AML-M2 and 1 AML-M5), including 1 secondary AML. In all 3 cases, a characteristic immunophenotype was identified (CD4+, CD13-, CD33+, CD65s+). AF-10 was involved in 5 of 6 evaluable cases, including 1 case without detectable CALM or MLL rearrangement. In 2 complex translocations, none of the three genes was rearranged. All cases had a remarkably poor prognosis, with a mean survival of 9.6 +/- 6.6 months. For the 7 AML cases that were uniformly treated according to the AMLCG86/92 protocols, disease-free and overall survival was significantly worse than for the overall study group (P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). We conclude that the t(10;11)(p13;q14) indicates CALM and MLL rearrangements in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia and may be associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Dreyling
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Parent A, Schrader K, Munger SD, Reed RR, Linden DJ, Ronnett GV. Synaptic transmission and hippocampal long-term potentiation in olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel type 1 null mouse. J Neurophysiol 1998; 79:3295-301. [PMID: 9636130 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Field potential recording was used to investigate properties of synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in both hippocampal slices of mutant mice in which the alpha-subunit of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (alpha3/OCNC)1 was rendered null and also in slices prepared from their wild-type (Wt) littermates. Several measures of basal synaptic transmission were unaltered in the OCNC1 knockout (KO), including maximum field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope, maximum fEPSP and fiber volley amplitude, and the function relating fiber volley amplitude to fEPSP slope and paired-pulse facilitation. When a high-frequency stimulation protocol was used to induce LTP, similar responses were seen in both groups [KO: 1 min, 299 +/- 50% (mean +/- SE), 60 min, 123 +/- 10%; Wt: 1 min, 287 +/- 63%; 60 min, 132 +/- 19%). However, on theta-burst stimulation, the initial amplitude of LTP was smaller (1 min after induction, 147 +/- 16% of baseline) and the response decayed faster in the OCNC1 KO (60 min, 127 +/- 18%) than in Wt (1 min, 200 +/- 14%; 60 min, 169 +/- 19%). Analysis of waveforms evoked by LTP-inducing tetanic stimuli revealed a similar difference between groups. The development of potentiation throughout the tetanic stimulus was similar in OCNC1 KO and Wt mice when high-frequency stimulation was used, but OCNC1 KO mice showed a significant decrease when compared with Wt mice receiving theta-burst stimulation. These results suggest that activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels may contribute to the induction of LTP by weaker, more physiological stimuli, possibly via Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parent
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohr
- Institut für angewandte Hautphysiologie, Holzminden, Deutschland
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Prasad BC, Ye B, Zackhary R, Schrader K, Seydoux G, Reed RR. unc-3, a gene required for axonal guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes a member of the O/E family of transcription factors. Development 1998; 125:1561-8. [PMID: 9502737 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.8.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of specialized signal transduction components in mammalian olfactory neurons is thought to be regulated by the O/E (Olf-1/EBF) family of transcription factors. The O/E proteins are expressed in cells of the olfactory neuronal lineage throughout development and are also expressed transiently in neurons in the developing nervous system during embryogenesis. We have identified a C. elegans homologue of the mammalian O/E proteins, which displays greater than 80% similarity over 350 amino acids. Like its mammalian homologues, CeO/E is expressed in certain chemosensory neurons (ASI amphid neurons) throughout development and is also expressed transiently in developing motor neurons when these cells undergo axonal outgrowth. We demonstrate that CeO/E is the product of the unc-3 gene, mutations in which cause defects in the axonal outgrowth of motor neurons, as well as defects in dauer formation, a process requiring chemosensory inputs. These observations suggest that the O/E family of transcription factors play a central and evolutionarily conserved role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding and/or neuronal differentiation in both sensory and motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Prasad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Schrader K, Buchheim W, Morr CV. High pressure effects on the colloidal calcium phosphate and the structural integrity of micellar casein milk. Part 1. High pressure dissolution of colloidal calcium phosphate in heated milk systems. Nahrung 1997; 41:133-8. [PMID: 9232847 DOI: 10.1002/food.19970410303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Results of this study confirm that high temperature (118 degrees C/15 min) and high pressure (400 MPa/5 min) processing of skim milk, skim milk ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation fractions, and model milk salt solutions cause dramatic shifts in their colloidal and soluble Ca phosphate equilibrium that affect their pH, dissolved Ca content, turbidity, and casein micelle microstructure. The relations between high temperature and high pressure processing-induced changes in the colloidal and soluble Ca phosphate equilibrium were evaluated in raw, pasteurized, and high temperature treated skim milk, ultrafiltration retentate and permeate of pasteurized skim milk, clear ultracentrifugation infranatant of pasteurized skim milk, and synthetic milk ultrafiltrates with and without lactose or Ca. The magnitude of the pH and dissolved Ca shifts caused by high temperature and high pressure processing was a function of casein micelle concentration. Ultrafiltration permeate exhibited the most drastic shits in pH and dissolved Ca contents due to high temperature and high pressure processing. Although high temperature processing reduced the pH of ultrafiltration permeate from 6.59 to 6.03 and the dissolved Ca from 100% to 58%, high pressure processing reversed both of these changes. These changes in high temperature and high pressure processed milk, milk fractions, and model milk salt solutions were related to microstructural changes in the casein micelles as revealed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schrader
- Bundesanstalt für Milchforschung, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Kiel, Germany
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Lee SK, Klostermeyer H, Schrader K, Buchheim W. Rheological properties and microstructure of model processed cheese containing low molecular weight emulsifiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19960400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schrader
- Institute of Applied Skin Physiology Holzminden, Germany
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Abstract
Benzaldehyde was administered by inhalation to female and male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 consecutive days (low level: 500 ppm; medium level: 750 ppm; high level: 1000 ppm). Effects of this chemical were investigated during and at the end of the exposure period. Throughout the experiment, significant hypothermia and a reduction of motor activity were observed in all rats exposed to benzaldehyde and were accompanied in high-level rats by a severe impairment of the central nervous system, as evidenced by abnormal gait, tremors, and a positive Straub sign. Histopathologic examination of tissues from exposed rats showed a goblet cell metaplasia that was largely confined to the respiratory epithelium lining the nasal septum in male rats. No other abnormal microscopic changes were observed. A no effect level was not observed in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laham
- Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Schrader K. [Optimizing the effect of a cosmetic care product on the human skin]. Z Hautkr 1989; 64:1099-102; 1105-7. [PMID: 2633510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
After explaining the idea and purpose of cosmetic products, we report on the course of development these products usually take: marketing briefing, selection of the raw materials, serial experiments and stability tests, and finally, dermatophysiological efficacy tests. In particular, we deal with the application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its moisturing and smoothing effect on human skin. Our results are discussed in detail.
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Laham S, Szabo J, Long G, Schrader K. Dose-response toxicity studies on tributoxyethyl phosphate orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1985; 46:442-8. [PMID: 4050681 DOI: 10.1080/15298668591395139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The response of the peripheral nervous system to various dose levels of tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOP) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of randomized female and male rats (10 rats/gender/dose level) were administered a single oral dose of TBOP (1.0 to 3.2 g/kg for females; 1.0 to 9.0 g/kg for males). Physiological parameters were measured in surviving rats three weeks following TBOP administration. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in caudal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was observed in both female and male rats. Light and electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve sections showed degenerative changes in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of female (2.0 g/kg) and male (6.8 g/kg) groups. Advanced degeneration was observed only in the highest dose level of both genders (3.2 g/kg for females; 8.0 and 9.0 g/kg for males). Although similar morphological changes were observed in both genders, females were more susceptible than males to the toxic effects of this compound.
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