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Sarmiento LF, Lopes da Cunha P, Tabares S, Tafet G, Gouveia Jr A. Decision-making under stress: A psychological and neurobiological integrative model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100766. [PMID: 38694793 PMCID: PMC11061251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of stress on cognitive processes, particularly decision-making, is crucial as it underpins behaviors essential for survival. However, research in this domain has yielded disparate results, with inconsistencies evident across stress-induction paradigms and drug administration protocols designed to investigate specific stress pathways or neuromodulators. Building upon empirical studies, this research identifies a multifaceted matrix of variables contributing to the divergent findings. This matrix encompasses factors such as the temporal proximity between stressors and decision tasks, the nature of stressors and decision contexts, individual characteristics including psychobiological profiles and affective states at the time of decision-making and even cultural influences. In response to these complexities, we propose a comprehensive model that integrates these relevant factors and their intricate interplay to elucidate the mechanisms governing decision-making during stressful events. By synthesizing these insights, our model not only refines existing paradigms but also provides a framework for future study designs, offering avenues for theoretical advancements and translational developments in the field of stress's impact on cognitive functions. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the nuanced relationship between stress and decision-making, ultimately advancing our knowledge of cognitive processes under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Sarmiento
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multimedia Systems Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pamela Lopes da Cunha
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Tabares
- International Foundation for the Development of Neurosciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Tafet
- International Foundation for the Development of Neurosciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Amauri Gouveia Jr
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University from Pará, Brazil
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Krug MK, Takarae Y, Iosif AM, Solomon M. Decision-making under conditions of explicit risk and uncertainty in autistic and typically developing adolescents and young adults. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:1-7. [PMID: 38696604 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been characterized as a period of risky and possibly suboptimal decision-making, yet the development of decision-making in autistic adolescents is not well understood. To investigate decision-making in autism, we evaluated performance on 2 computerized tasks capturing decision-making under explicit risk and uncertainty in autistic and non-autistic adolescents/young adults ages 12-22 years. Participants completed the Game of Dice Task (32 IQ-matched participant pairs) to assess decision-making under explicit risk and the modified Iowa Gambling Task (35 IQ-matched pairs) to assess decision-making under uncertainty. Autistic participants overall made riskier decisions than non-autistic participants on the Game of Dice Task, and the odds of making riskier decisions varied by age and IQ. In contrast, the autistic group showed comparable levels of learning over trial blocks to the non-autistic group on the modified Iowa Gambling Task. For both tasks, younger autistic participants performed poorer than their non-autistic counterparts, while group differences diminished in older ages. This age-related pattern suggests positive development during adolescence on risk assessment and decision-making in autism but also implies differential developmental trajectories between groups. These findings also suggest differential performance by the risk type, with additional complex influences of IQ and fluid cognition, which warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, United States
| | - Yukari Takarae
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, United States
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Department of Public Health Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marjorie Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, and Imaging Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, United States
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Yokomitsu K, Kono M, Takada T. The Effects of the Presence of Others on Risky Betting in a Laboratory Gambling Task Among High-Risk Gamblers: A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:281-298. [PMID: 36209193 PMCID: PMC9547639 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We explored the effects of the presence of and cooperation with others on risky betting in a laboratory-based gambling task among high-risk gamblers. Specifically, we compared risky betting under solo, parallel, and cooperation conditions using a stratified randomized, cross-over design. Stratification was conducted according to participant age and gender. The participants were 40 Japanese adults (20 women, 20 men; mean age = 46, SD = 12.80). In the experiment, each participant conducted the Game of Dice Task (GDT) individually (solo condition), in parallel with another participant (parallel condition), and working together with another participant (cooperation condition). Linear mixed modeling results showed that when we controlled for previously specified covariates, there were no significant differences among the solo, parallel, and cooperation conditions regarding risky betting (parallel: estimates = 0.10, SE = 0.79, p = .900; cooperation: estimates = 0.95, SE = 0.79, p = .232). However, post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the solo and cooperation conditions regarding the number of times participants chose the riskiest bet (parallel: estimates = 0.18, SE = 0.52, p = .739; cooperation: estimates = 1.13, SE = 0.53, p = .035). Thus, we found that neither the presence of nor cooperation with others decreased risky betting in the GDT among high-risk gamblers. However, we did observe that participants displayed the riskiest betting behavior (i.e., selecting the single choice) in the GDT during the cooperation condition, compared with the solo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yokomitsu
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Human Environments, 9-12, Dogohimata, Matsuyama, Ehime, 7900825, Japan.
| | - Masanori Kono
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Takada
- School of Psychology, Tokai-Gakuen University, Nagoya, Japan
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Houghton SPB, Moss M. Assessing the bets advertised on Twitter by gambling operators and gambling affiliates – an observational study incorporating simulation data to measure bet success. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Moss
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bonnaire C, Devos G, Barrault S, Grall-Bronnec M, Luminet O, Billieux J. An empirical investigation of the Pathways Model of problem gambling through the conjoint use of self-reports and behavioural tasks. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:858-873. [PMID: 35947492 PMCID: PMC9872534 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blaszczynski and Nower (2002) conceptualized their Pathways Model by postulating the existence of three subtypes of problem gamblers who share common characteristics, but also present specific ones. METHODS This study investigated how the psychological mechanisms postulated in the Pathways Model predict clinical status in a sample that combined treatment-seeking gamblers (n = 59) and non-problematic community gamblers (n = 107). To test the Pathways Model, we computed a hierarchic logistic regression in which variables associated with each postulated pathway were entered sequentially to predict the status of the treatment-seeking gambler. Self-report questionnaires measured gambling-related cognitions, alexithymia, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation strategies and impulsivity. Behavioural tasks measured gambling persistence (slot machine task), decision-making under uncertainty (Iowa Gambling Task) and decision-making under risk (Game of Dice Task). RESULTS We showed that specific factors theorized as underlying mechanisms for each pathway predicted the status of clinical gambler. For each pathway, significant predictors included gambling-related cognitive distortions and behaviourally measured gambling persistence (behaviourally conditioned pathway), emotional reactivity and emotion regulation strategies (emotionally vulnerable pathway), and lack of premeditation impulsivity facet (impulsivist-antisocial pathway). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study adds to the body of literature confirming the validity of the Pathways Model and hold important implications in terms of assessment and treatment of problem gambling. In particular, a standardized assessment based on the Pathways Model should promote individualized treatment strategies to allow clinicians to take into account the high heterogeneity that characterizes gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100Boulogne-Billancourt, France,Centre Pierre Nicole, “Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs”, Croix-Rouge Française, 75005Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- UCLouvain, Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,Service Universitaire D’Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), CH le Vinatier, F-69500, Bron, France,Grand Hôpital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Servane Barrault
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100Boulogne-Billancourt, France,Laboratory QualiPsy, EE1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, 3 rue des Tanneurs, 37041Tours, France,Centre de Soins d’Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie (CSAPA 37), CHRU of Tours, 37044Tours Cedex, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Nantes, France,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Luminet
- UCLouvain, Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Gori A, Topino E, Craparo G, Bagnoli I, Caretti V, Schimmenti A. A Comprehensive Model for Gambling Behaviors: Assessment of the Factors that can Contribute to the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:235-251. [PMID: 33844125 PMCID: PMC8866302 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gambling Disorder is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon which requires a careful understanding by analysing both the life experiences and the psychopathological components linked to this type of behaviour. This study aimed to apply a Comprehensive Model of Addiction and to delve deeper the dimensions involved in the vulnerability and maintenance of the disease. Therefore, the effect of alexithymia and traumatic experiences in mediating the relationship between insecure attachment and dissociation, as well as the roles of impulsiveness and compulsiveness in influencing obsessiveness were explored in pathological gamblers. A sample composed of 253 individuals with a mean age of 47.8 years (SD = 12.4) with a diagnosis of Gambling Disorder (82.6% males, 17.4% females) completed the battery of measures. Results showed that alexithymia significantly mediates the relationship between insecure attachment and dissociation, while no significance was found in the effect of complex trauma. Furthermore, a significant impact role of impulsiveness and compulsiveness in determining obsessiveness was found. Therefore, the data suggested that alexithymia may increase the risk of developing a gambling disorder, mediating the association between insecure attachment and dissociation. The model of craving which could have a core role in disease maintenance processes was also confirmed, highlighting a significant influence of impulsiveness and compulsiveness on obsessiveness. Such findings might have relevant implications to increase the effectiveness of both preventive interventions and therapeutic works, favouring positive results for a better mental health of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Piazza S. Marco 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina, 21, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bagnoli
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina, 21, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina, 21, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100, Enna, Italy
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Li D, Zhang F, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang T, Wang K, Zhu C. Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:230. [PMID: 33947364 PMCID: PMC8094464 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. METHODS We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson's correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China ,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022 China ,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, 230022 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Children’s Rehabilitation Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, 430012 China
| | - Lu Wang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Tingting Yang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, 230022, China. .,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, 230022, China. .,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Abstract
Abstract. Video gaming behavior may offer information about the players and the widespread diffusion of this form of entertainment produces a staggering amount of data about gaming behaviors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possibility to use the information about the way the player acts and reacts in a competitive video game to assess personality traits inside the HEXACO space. Deep learning was used to train deep neural networks that classified a sample of players ( N = 41) with different personality traits by how they play in a Massive Online Battle Arena (MOBA) video game. Results suggested that the likelihood of correctly identifying the player’s trait level was above chance for five out of the six personality dimensions, but there is a medium to high margin of error in the classification. These findings provide interesting suggestions to set the premises for future studies to test the feasibility of this alternative assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ammannato
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti” (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
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