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Littlefield J, Longacre ML. Use of Community Health Workers Among U.S. Male Latino Population: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:738-760. [PMID: 38536639 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-024-01586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Community Health Workers (CHWs) are an effective strategy to address the health needs of specified communities. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the use of CHWs to address the health needs of the Latino male population. This project used specific search terms to identify relevant articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible articles included studies, conducted in the U.S. and in English from 2010 to 2022, that assessed the use of CHWs among a predominantly male (≥ 50%) Latino population. Twenty articles consisting of 13 interventions were identified for review and were further categorized into male-only participant samples (n = 10) and mixed-gender but predominantly-male participant samples (n = 10) for synthesis. Male-only participant samples focused on occupational health and participant's social support and networks. Predominantly-male, mixed-gender participant sample interventions were disease-centered and emphasized the longitudinal support of CHWs as well as social networks. Of the 13 interventions reviewed, almost all (n = 10) utilized existing social networks for engagement and nearly half (n = 6) employed community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles. Findings suggest that recruiting CHWs from within existing social networks and using CBPR are important factors for successful health promotion among male Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Littlefield
- College of Health Sciences, Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Rd, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - M L Longacre
- College of Health Sciences, Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Rd, Glenside, PA, USA.
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Wippold GM, Garcia KA, Frary SG, Griffith DM. Community Health Worker Interventions for Men: A Scoping Review Using the RE-AIM Framework. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:128-143. [PMID: 37350223 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231179498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community health workers (CHWs) are health promotion specialists who are trusted members of the community served and have a close understanding of the community's needs and values. CHWs are a cost-effective and scalable workforce to promote health among men through tailored approaches. The purpose of the present review was to use the RE-AIM Framework to assess design, implementation, and outcomes of CHW-implemented health promotion efforts tailored for men to provide recommendations for future efforts. METHODS The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO. The primary inclusion criteria were that the interventions were (a) implemented at least partially by CHWs, (b) conducted only among men, and (c) designed to improve a health-related outcome. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus were searched using a librarian-generated search strategy. In all, 1,437 articles were uploaded to Rayyan and two reviewers blindly reviewed each article for inclusion. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most interventions (a) targeted men under 50 years, (b) were conducted among a subset of underserved men, (c) improved health outcomes, (d) community-based and informed, (e) atheoretical, and (f) had satisfactory retention rates. The roles and responsibilities of CHWs were varied. Attention was given to training of CHWs, but limited attention was given to how/if the CHWs were supervised. DISCUSSION CHW-implemented interventions can improve health outcomes among men. Opportunities exist to build on past interventions, such as addressing mental health and incorporating prosocial aspects of masculinity. The results have implications for designing similar interventions.
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Carson M, Fernandez A, Martin M. A Review of Community Health Worker Interventions for Latinx/o/a Individuals With Unhealthy Alcohol Use. J Addict Med 2023; 17:717-721. [PMID: 37934543 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) affects nearly 1 in 4 Latinx/o/a individuals in the United States (US). Compared with White individuals, Latinx/o/a individuals with UAU face increased morbidity, decreased access to addiction treatment, and higher rates of incarceration. Community health workers (CHWs), also known as promotores, provide culturally and linguistically informed services while augmenting social and health care interventions. Although there is extensive literature evaluating the role of CHW interventions for chronic conditions including hypertension and diabetes, less is known about CHW interventions for UAU in the US. To better understand how CHWs can address UAU in the Latinx/o/a community in the US, we performed a scoping review of the literature for CHW interventions for UAU in the Latinx/o/a population. We reviewed publications up to March 8, 2022, which described CHW interventions for UAU in Latinx/o/a individuals in the US and identified 6 publications that met inclusion criteria after full-text review. These publications included 3 randomized controlled trials, 2 follow-up feasibility and acceptability assessments within the randomized controlled trial intervention group, and a pre-post noncontrolled feasibility study. All interventions were brief, with low-intensity touchpoints between CHWs and patients. None included medications for alcohol use disorder. We found few publications related to CHW-delivered interventions for UAU within the Latinx/o/a population. Given the acceptance and success of CHW-delivered interventions other conditions, as well as the increasing use of CHWs in the US, we need to invest in research that examines the efficacy of the CHWs in UAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Carson
- From the Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Taverno Ross SE, Liang HW, Cheng J, Fox A, Documet PI. Effectiveness of a Promotores Network to Improve Health in an Emerging Latino Community. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:455-467. [PMID: 35473431 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221090161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latinos living in emerging communities (i.e., nontraditional destinations with a small but growing population) face obstacles to their mental and physical health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-month, promotor-led intervention on access to care, physical activity, dietary practices, and perceived social support among Latino adults living in an emerging community, compared with a nonrandomly assigned control group. METHOD Participants (n = 81 intervention; n = 86 control) were drawn from Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Promotores used an intervention tool offering nondirective social support to assist participants in developing SMART goals to address their life concerns in eight domains (e.g., social, diet, and exercise/recreation); the control group received printed materials. Participants completed a survey in Spanish at baseline and follow-up to assess outcomes and had their height and weight measured. Adjusted linear mixed effects models compared change in outcomes over time. RESULTS There was a marginally significant improvement in dietary practices in the intervention group at follow-up, and no change in access to care. Both groups experienced an improvement in social support. There was a significant intervention-by-time interaction such that the intervention group increased physical activity by 259 minutes/week compared with the control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a promotores network in assisting individuals living in an emerging Latino community to address their life concerns and improve health behaviors. Future studies should include objective and more rigorous measures with a larger sample to replicate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Fox
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Squirrel Hill Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Young RA, Domene JF, Pradhan K, Botia LA, Chi E, Chiang MMJ, Gendron MR, Noel M, Rosario S. Facilitating goal-directed transition projects for young adult newcomers to Canada: a qualitative study of a brief supportive counseling intervention. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Young
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - José F. Domene
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kesha Pradhan
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L. Alejandra Botia
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eugene Chi
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mindy Ming-Jung Chiang
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathew R. Gendron
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Margaret Noel
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shalet Rosario
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ruiz-Sánchez HC, Macia L, Boyzo R, Documet PI. Community health workers promote perceived social support among Latino men: Respaldo. J Migr Health 2021; 4:100075. [PMID: 34927112 PMCID: PMC8646959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotores or community health workers are trusted community members who offer information and support to marginalized groups in society. Latinx immigrants in new growth communities or emerging communities (areas with a small yet growing Latinx population) confront many challenges in their settling processes. De la Mano con la Salud was a community-based participatory project that trained Latino immigrant men as promotores. Promotores recruited 182 Latino immigrant men helped them to attain their own goals, connected them with health and social services and connected them to the larger community. We present data from 23 in-depth interviews with project participants conducted after six months of enrollment. Qualitative analysis confirmed participants’ vulnerabilities and showed that promotores addressed many of the health, legal, and occupational needs of participants. Emerging themes showed that 1) participants had a thirst for a united Latinx community; and 2) felt that promotores had their back (respaldo). The need for community may reflect the current invisibility of this Latinx population, as well as the desires for recognition and ethnic identity affirmation. Respaldo strongly resembles perceived social support, which is the kind of support most associated with health outcomes. Future research can determine what intervention components best foster respaldo.
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St John J, Reininger B, Balcazar H, Valerio-Shewmaker MA, Beaudoin CE. What About Promotores? Promotores' Psychosocial Determinants That Influenced the Delivery of a Cervical Cancer Education Intervention to Hispanics. Front Public Health 2021; 9:689616. [PMID: 34568252 PMCID: PMC8460865 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.689616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether a cancer education intervention affected promotores' self-efficacy to deliver an intervention to Hispanics and which psychosocial determinants of promotores influenced the number of Hispanic residents reached by promotores in the subsequent education intervention. A quasi-experimental, pre/post-design with a treatment group (no control) assessed differences for promotores (n = 136) before and after exposure to the cancer education intervention. The design also included a cross-sectional evaluation of the number of residents promotores reached with the educational intervention. After being trained, the promotores delivered the intervention to Hispanic residents (n = 1,469). Paired t-tests demonstrated increases in promotores' self-efficacy from pre- to post-intervention. Regression models assessed associations between the numbers of residents reached and select psychosocial determinants of promotores. Age and promotores' years of experience influenced their delivery of a cervical cancer education intervention to Hispanics, but not their delivery of breast or colorectal cancer education interventions. This is the first study to examine which psychosocial determinants influence promotores delivery of cancer education interventions. The outcomes potentially have implications for CHW interventions and training by examining this potential connection between CHWs' psychosocial determinants and intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie St John
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Belinda Reininger
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Hector Balcazar
- College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker
- College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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