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Taher AY, Alizadeh M, Aslan Y. The covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in milk. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32223. [PMID: 38873691 PMCID: PMC11170143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed was to covalently immobilize β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and protease from Bacillus licheniformis on amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In this study, a two-level factorial design was employed to investigate the impact of seven continuous variables (activation pH, glutaraldehyde molarity, activation time (0-8 h), buffer solution pH (8-0), buffer solution molarity, MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde quantity, and stabilization time (0-180 h)) on the immobilization efficiency and enzymatic activity of protease and β-galactosidase. Furthermore, the effect of time on the percentage of enzymatic activity was examined during specific intervals (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) of the immobilization process. The analysis of variance results for protease enzymatic activity revealed a notable influence of the seven variables on immobilization efficiency and enzymatic activity. Additionally, the findings indicate that activation time, buffer pH, MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde quantity, and stabilization time significantly affect the activity of the protease enzyme. The interplay between buffer pH and stabilization time is also significant. Indeed, both activation time and the quantity of MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde exert a reducing effect on enzyme activity. Notably, the influence of MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde quantity is more significant (p < 0.05). In terms of beta-galactosidase enzymatic activity, the study results highlight that among the seven variables considered, only the glutaraldehyde molarity, activation time, and the interplay of activation time and the quantity of MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde can exert a statistically significant positive impact on the enzyme's activity (p < 0.05). The combination of activation time and buffer solution molarity, as well as the interactive effect of buffer pH and MWCNT-NH2-glutaraldehyde, can lead to a significant improvement in the stabilization efficiency of the protease of carbon nanotubes. The analysis of variance results demonstrated that the efficiency of covalently immobilizing β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae on amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is influenced by the molarity of glutaraldehyde, buffer pH, stabilization time, and the interplay of activation time + buffer pH, buffer pH + activation time, activation time + buffer molarity, and glutaraldehyde molarity + MWCNT-NH 2 -glutaraldehyde (p < 0.05). Through the optimization and selection of optimal formulations, the obtained results indicate enzyme activities and stabilization efficiencies of 64.09 % ± 72.63 % and 65.96 % ± 71.77 % for protease and beta-galactosidase, respectively. Moreover, increasing the enzyme stabilization time resulted in a reduction of enzyme activity. Furthermore, an increase in pH, temperature, and the duration of milk storage passing through the enzyme-immobilized carbon nanotubes led to a decrease in enzyme stabilization efficiency, and lactose hydrolysis declined progressively over 8-h. Hence, the covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and protease from Bacillus licheniformis onto amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is anticipated to be achievable for milk applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yaseen Taher
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yakup Aslan
- Siirt University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Turkey
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Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Alhadhrami AS, Shah YA, Kotta S, Iqbal J, Anwer MK, Nair AK, Koca E, Aydemir LY. Physical, Chemical, Barrier, and Antioxidant Properties of Pectin/Collagen Hydrogel-Based Films Enriched with Melissa officinalis. Gels 2023; 9:511. [PMID: 37504390 PMCID: PMC10379118 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil extracted from Melissa officinalis (MOEO) exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The current research aimed to analyze the mechanical, barrier, chemical, and antioxidant properties of pectin and collagen-based films. Hydrogel-based films loaded with varying concentrations of MOEO (0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%) were prepared by solvent-casting method, and their physicochemical as well as antioxidant properties were examined. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of major components in MOEO such as 2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl, citral, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, citronellal, and linalool. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed the interaction between components of the essential oil and polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that films loaded with the highest concentration (0.2%) of MOEO showed more homogeneous structure with fewer particles, cracks, and pores as compared to control film sample. MOEO-incorporated films exhibited higher elongation at break (EAB) (30.24-36.29%) and thickness (0.068-0.073 mm); however, they displayed lower tensile strength (TS) (3.48-1.25 MPa) and transparency (87.30-82.80%). MOEO-loaded films demonstrated superior barrier properties against water vapors. According to the results, the incorporation of MOEO into pectin-collagen composite hydrogel-based films resulted in higher antioxidant properties, indicating that MOEO has the potential to be used in active food packaging material for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Aysha Salim Alhadhrami
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anjana Karunakaran Nair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esra Koca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Levent Yurdaer Aydemir
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
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Nanoreinforcement as a strategy to improve physical properties of biodegradable composite films based on biopolymers. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Isolated mung bean protein-pectin nanocomposite film containing true cardamom extract microencapsulation /CeO2 nanoparticles/graphite carbon quantum dots: Investigating fluorescence, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Garavand F, Jafarzadeh S, Cacciotti I, Vahedikia N, Sarlak Z, Tarhan Ö, Yousefi S, Rouhi M, Castro-Muñoz R, Jafari SM. Different strategies to reinforce the milk protein-based packaging composites. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Melissa officinalis: Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Derived Release Systems-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073591. [PMID: 35408950 PMCID: PMC8998931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant rich in biologically active compounds which is used worldwide for its therapeutic effects. Chemical studies on its composition have shown that it contains mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and essential oil. The main active constituents of Melissa officinalis are volatile compounds (geranial, neral, citronellal and geraniol), triterpenes (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (quercetin, rhamnocitrin, and luteolin). According to the biological studies, the essential oil and extracts of Melissa officinalis have active compounds that determine many pharmacological effects with potential medical uses. A new field of research has led to the development of controlled release systems with active substances from plants. Therefore, the essential oil or extract of Melissa officinalis has become a major target to be incorporated into various controlled release systems which allow a sustained delivery.
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Nano-biocomposite based color sensors: Investigation of structure, function, and applications in intelligent food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kalyani P, Muthupandeeswari T. Investigation on the altered properties of PVA filled magnesium oxide composite (PVA@xMgO) thin films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Marand SA, Alizadeh Khaledabad M, Almasi H. Optimization and Characterization of Plantago major Seed Gum/Nanoclay/Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil Active Nanocomposite Films and Their Application in Preservation of Local Butter. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ucpinar Durmaz B, Aytac A. Preparation and properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium caseinate blend films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and glyoxal. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bio-based films containing poly (vinyl alcohol)/casein have poor mechanical and water vapor barrier properties that limit their use in packaging application. Some properties such as water resistance and tensile strength can be increased by the cross-linking process. For this reason, poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium caseinate (PVA/SC) blends were crosslinked by adding glutaraldehyde (GLA) and glyoxal (GL) at different ratios in this work. The films were prepared by solution casting technique. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) confirmed the crosslinking reaction between the components. As a result of the crosslinking, the thicknesses, water vapor barrier properties and water contact angle values of the films have increased. The total soluble matters (TSM) of PVA/SC film decreased with increasing amounts of crosslinkers and GLA crosslinked films exhibited lower TSM. The addition of GLA and GL resulted in more strengthened films as verified by the tensile test. On the other hand, GLA crosslinked films were more flexible than un-crosslinked and GL crosslinked PVA/SC films. The hydrophilic PVA/SC film became more hydrophobic with the increasing amounts of crosslinkers. With the crosslinking, the PVA/SC film became more thermally stable. In conclusion, the crosslinked PVA/SC films were obtained with suitable properties for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedriye Ucpinar Durmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , 41380 Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ayse Aytac
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , 41380 Kocaeli , Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Programme, Kocaeli University , 41380 Kocaeli , Turkey
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Fabrication and characterization of an active biodegradable edible packaging film based on sesame seed gum (Sesamum indicum L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ghamari MA, Amiri S, Rezazadeh-Bari M, Rezazad-Bari L. Physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of active edible film based on milk proteins incorporated with Nigella sativa essential oil. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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