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Wang B, Zhou M, Gan XL, Ren YX, Yang YZ, Weng ZJ, Zhang XF, Guan JX, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Combined low levels of H4K16ac and H4K20me3 predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:1147-1157. [PMID: 37428307 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of previous studies about the prognostic roles of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac) and histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3) in breast cancer were inconsistent. Cellular experiments revealed the interplays between H4K16ac and H4K20me3, but no population study explored the interaction between them on the prognosis. METHODS H4K16ac and H4K20me3 levels in tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for 958 breast cancer patients. Hazard ratios for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using Cox regression models. Interaction was assessed on multiplicative scale. Concordance index (C-index) was calculated to verify the predictive performance. RESULTS The prognostic roles of the low level of H4K16ac or H4K20me3 were significant only in patients with the low level of another marker and their interactions were significant. Moreover, compared with joint high levels of both them, only the combined low levels of both them was associated with a poor prognosis but not the low level of single one. The C-index of the clinicopathological model combined the joint expression of H4K16ac and H4K20me3 [0.739 for OS; 0.672 for PFS] was significantly larger than that of the single clinicopathological model [0.699 for OS, P < 0.001; 0.642 for PFS, P = 0.003] or the model combined with the single H4K16ac [0.712 for OS, P < 0.001; 0.646 for PFS, P < 0.001] or H4K20me3 [0.724 for OS, P = 0.031; 0.662 for PFS, P = 0.006]. CONCLUSIONS There was an interaction between H4K16ac and H4K20me3 on the prognosis of breast cancer and the combination of them was a superior prognostic marker compared to the single one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Li Gan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Jin Weng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Xia Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Ji D, Luo Y, Wang J, Chen S, Lan B, Ma F, Xu B, Fan Y. CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and HDAC inhibitors as second-line treatments for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: a network meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:805. [PMID: 37644396 PMCID: PMC10463765 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to compare the benefits and safety of agents including Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as second-line treatments for these patients by conducting a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis. METHODS The Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized trials comparing CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, or HDAC inhibitors vs. placebo with the addition of exemestane or fulvestrant as second-line treatments in patients with HR + advanced breast cancer up to December 16, 2021. Outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and grade 3-4 adverse drug events (ADEs). The present study was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA statements. The overall effect was pooled using the random effects model. RESULTS Seventeen studies with a total of 9,100 participants were included in the current study. Compared with placebo plus fulvestrant, PFS was significantly improved by CDK4/6 inhibitor plus fulvestrant, mTOR inhibitor plus fulvestrant, mTOR inhibitor plus exemestane, and PI3K inhibitor plus fulvestrant, but not HDAC inhibitor plus exemestane. While mTOR inhibitor plus exemestane was the best regimen (SUCRA value 89.5%), the mTOR inhibitor plus exemestane regimen induced more severe adverse events (SAEs) than the HDAC inhibitor plus exemestane regimen [OR, 95% CI: 2.40 (1.40-4.10)]. CONCLUSION mTOR inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitor-based regimens demonstrated superior clinical efficacy and comparable safety profiles as second-line treatment in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Iwata H, Nakamura R, Masuda N, Yamashita T, Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi K, Tsurutani J, Iwasa T, Yonemori K, Tamura K, Aruga T, Tokunaga E, Kaneko K, Lee MJ, Yuno A, Kawabata A, Seike T, Kaneda A, Nishimura Y, Trepel JB, Saji S. Efficacy and exploratory biomarker analysis of entinostat plus exemestane in advanced or recurrent breast cancer: phase II randomized controlled trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:4-15. [PMID: 36398439 PMCID: PMC9825728 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in Japanese patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced/recurrent breast cancer and to explore potential biomarkers. METHODS This phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03291886) was conducted at 28 Japanese sites (September 2017-July 2020; interim analysis cutoff: April 2019). Patients with progression/relapse following non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors were randomized 1:1 to entinostat (5 mg/week) or placebo, plus exemestane (25 mg/day). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival; secondary endpoints included overall survival and safety. Exploratory biomarker outcomes included lysine acetylation, immune cell profiles, estrogen receptor 1 mutations and plasma chemokines. RESULTS Of 133 randomized patients, 131 (65 entinostat, 66 placebo) who received study drug were analyzed. Median (95% confidence interval) progression-free survival was 5.8 (3.2-7.8) months for entinostat and 3.3 (3.1-5.8) months for placebo (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.75 [0.50 - 1.14]; P = 0.189). Median overall survival was not reached in either group. Entinostat tended to prolong progression-free survival in patients aged ≥65 years, not endocrine resistant, or with estrogen receptor 1 Y537S mutation. Candidate biomarkers of efficacy (progression-free survival) included lysine acetylation in CD3+ cells, plasma interferon gamma-induced protein 10, dendritic cell CD86 expression, and CD4+ cell expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR and inducible T-cell co-stimulator. Safety was similar to non-Japanese populations; however, seven entinostat-treated patients (10.8%) had reversible lung injury. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients, the safety of entinostat plus exemestane was acceptable and progression-free survival was prolonged, although not significantly. Exploratory analyses identified potential biomarkers, including lysine acetylation, of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rikiya Nakamura
- Division of Breast Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kokoro Kobayashi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aruga
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akira Yuno
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ayumi Kaneda
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Zheng A, Bilbao M, Sookram J, Linden KM, Morgan AB, Ostrovsky O. Epigenetic drugs induce the potency of classic chemotherapy, suppress post-treatment re-growth of breast cancer, but preserve the wound healing ability of stem cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:254-264. [PMID: 35389825 PMCID: PMC8993057 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2052540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy augments neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer and may aid post-surgical wound healing affected by NACT. Our study investigates: (1) The cytotoxicity of classic paclitaxel chemotherapy on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) independently and in combination with epigenetic drugs. (2) The sustainable inhibition of breast cancer regrowth following paclitaxel and epigenetic therapies. (3) The effects of paclitaxel with and without epigenetic therapy on the post-treatment viability and wound healing potential of adipose stem cells (ASCs). Cytotoxicity assays were performed on TNBC and ASCs. Cells were treated and recovered in drug-free medium. Cell viability was measured via cell counts and MTT assays. W -ound healing was tested with scratch assays. The combination of epigenetic drugs shows increased toxicity against TNBC cells compared to standard chemotherapy alone. Moreover, the combination of paclitaxel with epigenetic treatments causes cancer toxicity that is sustainable to TNBC cells after the drugs' removal with minimal effect on ASCs wound healing ability. The use of epigenetic drugs in addition to standard chemotherapy is cytotoxic to TNBC cells and prevents post-treatment recovery of TNBC while maintaining ASC wound healing ability. This strategy may be useful in maximizing post-surgical wound healing following NACT in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Michelle Bilbao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Janhvi Sookram
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Kimberly M Linden
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew B Morgan
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Olga Ostrovsky
- Division of Surgical Research, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
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Corrêa S, Lopes FP, Panis C, Basili T, Binato R, Abdelhay E. miRNome Profiling Reveals Shared Features in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Highlights miRNAs That Potentially Regulate MYB and EZH2 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710919. [PMID: 34646766 PMCID: PMC8502886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied, as it is one of the more commonly diagnosed cancer types worldwide. The study of miRNAs has increased what is known about the complexity of pathways and signaling and has identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Thus, miRNome profiling could provide important information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in BC. On average, more than 430 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between BC cell lines and normal breast HMEC cells. From these, 110 miRNAs were common to BC subtypes. The miRNome enrichment analysis and interaction maps highlighted epigenetic-related pathways shared by all BC cell lines and revealed potential miRNA targets. Quantitative evaluation of BC patient samples and GETx/TCGA-BRCA datasets confirmed MYB and EZH2 as potential targets from BC miRNome. Moreover, overall survival was impacted by EZH2 expression. The expression of 15 miRNAs, selected according to aggressiveness of BC subtypes, was confirmed in TCGA-BRCA dataset. Of these miRNAs, miRNA-mRNA interaction prediction revealed 7 novel or underexplored miRNAs in BC: miR-1271-5p, miR-130a-5p, and miR-134 as MYB regulators and miR-138-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-487a, and miR-487b as EZH2 regulators. Herein, we report a novel molecular miRNA signature for BC and identify potential miRNA/mRNAs involved in disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Corrêa
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco P Lopes
- Grupo de Biologia do Desenvolvimento e Sistemas Dinâmicos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Thais Basili
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renata Binato
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Manohar PM, Davidson NE. Updates in endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0255. [PMID: 34609096 PMCID: PMC8832960 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) remains the mainstay of treatment for steroid hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Tumor resistance to hormone therapy has led to the development of novel endocrine drug combinations, transforming the landscape of MBC management. The options for ET are expanding, with promising agents in the pipeline. Although MBC remains incurable, many patients can enjoy years of survival with good quality of life by cycling through the many available agents. With the plethora of available agents and rapid approvals, clinicians look to evidence-based guidelines to assist in treatment selection to maximize patient well-being. In this review, we provide a contemporary review of the advances in ET and a suggested algorithm to guide clinicians in daily management of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative MBC. We will discuss landmark trials and highlight their impact in reshaping treatment approaches. Finally, we will provide a glimpse into advances on the horizon and the promise they bring to improve outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorni M. Manohar
- University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Nancy E. Davidson
- University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
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Connolly RM, Zhao F, Miller KD, Lee MJ, Piekarz RL, Smith KL, Brown-Glaberman UA, Winn JS, Faller BA, Onitilo AA, Burkard ME, Budd GT, Levine EG, Royce ME, Kaufman PA, Thomas A, Trepel JB, Wolff AC, Sparano JA. E2112: Randomized Phase III Trial of Endocrine Therapy Plus Entinostat or Placebo in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. A Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3171-3181. [PMID: 34357781 PMCID: PMC8478386 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine therapy resistance in advanced breast cancer remains a significant clinical problem that may be overcome with the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors such as entinostat. The ENCORE301 phase II study reported improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with the addition of entinostat to the steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) exemestane in advanced hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS E2112 is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study that enrolled men or women with advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer whose disease progressed after nonsteroidal AI. Participants were randomly assigned to exemestane 25 mg by mouth once daily and entinostat (EE) or placebo (EP) 5 mg by mouth once weekly. Primary end points were PFS by central review and OS. Secondary end points included safety, objective response rate, and lysine acetylation change in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between baseline and cycle 1 day 15. RESULTS Six hundred eight patients were randomly assigned during March 2014-October 2018. Median age was 63 years (range 29-91), 60% had visceral disease, and 84% had progressed after nonsteroidal AI in metastatic setting. Previous treatments included chemotherapy (60%), fulvestrant (30%), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (35%). Most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events in the EE arm included neutropenia (20%), hypophosphatemia (14%), anemia (8%), leukopenia (6%), fatigue (4%), diarrhea (4%), and thrombocytopenia (3%). Median PFS was 3.3 months (EE) versus 3.1 months (EP; hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.13; P = .30). Median OS was 23.4 months (EE) versus 21.7 months (EP; hazard ratio = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.21; P = .94). Objective response rate was 5.8% (EE) and 5.6% (EP). Pharmacodynamic analysis confirmed target inhibition in entinostat-treated patients. CONCLUSION The combination of exemestane and entinostat did not improve survival in AI-resistant advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin M. Connolly
- The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
- Cancer Research at UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Kathy D. Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard L. Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L. Smith
- The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Bryan A. Faller
- Heartland NCORP, Missouri Baptist Medical Centre, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane B. Trepel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Antonio C. Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
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Advances in endocrine and targeted therapy for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1099-1108. [PMID: 32265426 PMCID: PMC7213629 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of breast cancer (BC) is hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for this subtype. However, intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance can occur during the endocrine treatment. Based on insights of endocrine resistance mechanisms, a number of targeted therapies have been and continue to be developed. With regard to HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced BC, aromatase inhibitor (AI) is superior to tamoxifen, and fulvestrant is a better option for patients previously exposed to endocrine therapy. Targeted drugs, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, play a significant role in the present and show a promising future. With the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors becoming common, mechanisms of acquired resistance to them should also be taken into consideration.
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9
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Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the improved sensitization of tamoxifen. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Fouad MA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Huwait EA, Hafez HF, Osman AMM. Epigenetic immunomodulatory effect of eugenol and astaxanthin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in hormonal positive breast Cancer cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:8. [PMID: 33509300 PMCID: PMC7842008 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to investigate the molecular mechanism (s) whereby EUG and AST could enhance DOX cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. METHODS Cytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins. RESULTS DOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 0.5 μM. Both EUG and AST significantly increased DOX cytotoxicity which is manifested as a significant decrease in DOX IC50 from 0.5 μM to 0.088 μM with EUG and to 0.06 μM with AST. Combinations of DOX with 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST significantly increased the level of histones acetylation and histone acetyl transferase expression, while reduced the expression of aromatase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) when compared with 0.25 μM DOX alone. Also both combinations showed higher uptake of rhodamine but lower of Hoechst stains, along with increased the percentage of caspase 3, and decreased the expression of CK7 and LC3BI/II ratio. EUG combination induced IFγ but reduced TNFα causing shifting of cells from G2/M to S and G0/ G1 phases. Combination of DOX with EUG induced apoptosis through the higher BAX/ BCl2 ratio, while with AST was through the increase in caspase 8 expressions. CONCLUSION EUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Etimad A Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Moneim M Osman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
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11
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Oh JH, Lee JY, Kim KH, Kim CY, Jeong DS, Cho Y, Nam KT, Kim MH. Elevated GCN5 expression confers tamoxifen resistance by upregulating AIB1 expression in ER-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:145-155. [PMID: 32987137 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and treated with endocrine therapy. A commonly used treatment agent, tamoxifen, shows high efficacy for improving prognosis. However, approximately one-third of patients treated with tamoxifen develop resistance to this drug. Here, we investigated the function of general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) and its downstream effectors in tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) breast cancer. TamR-MCF7 breast cancer cells maintained high GCN5 levels due to its attenuated proteasomal degradation. GCN5 overexpression upregulated amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) expression, resulting in decreased p53 stability and tamoxifen resistance. Conversely, the sensitivity of GCN5-AIB1-overexpressing MCF7 cells to tamoxifen was restored by forced p53 expression. An in vivo study demonstrated a positive correlation between GCN5 and AIB1 and their contribution to tamoxifen resistance. We concluded that GCN5 promotes AIB1 expression and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by reducing p53 levels, suggesting the utility of GCN5 and its downstream effectors as therapeutic targets to either prevent or overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Clara Yuri Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Da Som Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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12
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Liao X, Zhan W, Tian T, Yu L, Li R, Yang Q. MicroRNA-326 attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by inhibiting TLR4 signaling. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3794-3803. [PMID: 31692098 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory and reversible repair reaction of the liver under the continuous action of virus or various injuries. In this study, we aimed at identifying the role of miR-326 in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis and its potential mechanism. In this study, the liver fibrosis mouse model was developed by injecting CCl4 . Liver tissue morphology was observed and the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen1α1 and miR-326 was measured. Target gene identification was performed by loss-of-function and gain-of-function. The effect of miR-326 on the expression level of the cytokines associated with the TLR4/MyD88/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We show that miR-326 was downregulated in CCl4 -induced fibrotic mice and activated HSCs. The target gene of miR-326 is TLR4. Moreover, miR-326 inhibited the activation of HSCs in vitro through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. miR-326 attenuated hepatic fibrosis and inflammation of CCl4 -induced mice in vivo. Our results demonstrate for the first time that miR-326 inhibits HSC activation through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, miR-326 plays critical roles in attenuating liver fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Surgery of Colorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Doctoral Graduate Student of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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13
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Peterson LM, Kurland BF, Yan F, Jiresova AN, Gadi VK, Specht JM, Gralow JR, Schubert EK, Link JM, Krohn KA, Eary JF, Mankoff DA, Linden HM. 18F-Fluoroestradiol PET Imaging in a Phase II Trial of Vorinostat to Restore Endocrine Sensitivity in ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:184-190. [PMID: 32591490 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.244459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) may overcome endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer. We tested whether 18F-fluoroestradiol PET imaging would elucidate the pharmacodynamics of combination HDACIs and endocrine therapy. Methods: Patients with ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer with prior clinical benefit from endocrine therapy but later progression on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy were given vorinostat (400 mg daily) sequentially or simultaneously with AI. 18F-fluoroestradiol PET and 18F-FDG PET scans were performed at baseline, week 2, and week 8. Results: Eight patients were treated sequentially, and then 15 simultaneously. Eight patients had stable disease at week 8, and 6 of these 8 patients had more than 6 mo of stable disease. Higher baseline 18F-fluoroestradiol uptake was associated with longer progression-free survival. 18F-fluoroestradiol uptake did not systematically increase with vorinostat exposure, indicating no change in regional ER estradiol binding, and 18F-FDG uptake did not show a significant decrease, as would have been expected with tumor regression. Conclusion: Simultaneous HDACIs and AI dosing in patients with cancer resistant to AI alone showed clinical benefit (6 or more months without progression) in 4 of 10 evaluable patients. Higher 18F-fluoroestradiol PET uptake identified patients likely to benefit from combination therapy, but vorinostat did not change ER expression at the level of detection of 18F-fluoroestradiol PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanell M Peterson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brenda F Kurland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fengting Yan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alena Novakova- Jiresova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vijayakrishna K Gadi
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer M Specht
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie R Gralow
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erin K Schubert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanne M Link
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Kenneth A Krohn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Janet F Eary
- Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah M Linden
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Gumusay O, Vitiello PP, Wabl C, Corcoran RB, Bardelli A, Rugo HS. Strategic Combinations to Prevent and Overcome Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Oncology. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:e292-e308. [PMID: 32453634 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_280845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of underlying molecular signaling mechanisms of cancer susceptibility and progression have led to an increase in the use of targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Despite improvements in survival with new treatment options in oncology, resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to the long-term effectiveness of targeted agents in metastatic cancer treatment, culminating in insensitivity to treatment and tumor outgrowth. Adaptive resistance can play an important role in primary and upfront resistance to therapy as well as in secondary or acquired resistance. By focusing on colorectal and breast tumors, we discuss how therapeutic combinations based on specific drivers of tumor biology can be used to overcome resistance. We present how monitoring tumor dynamics over time may allow early adaptation of treatment. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and the majority of these cancers are sensitive to endocrine therapy (ET) blocking the production of or response to estrogen. However, primary and acquired resistance limits efficacy. Recent combinations of agents targeted to pathways that drive tumor growth resistance with ET have resulted in remarkable improvements in disease response and control, improving survival in some settings. In this review, we summarize adaptive resistance mechanisms, approaches to combination strategies, and dynamic tumor monitoring to improve efficacy and overcome resistance. We provide examples of combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies in breast and colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gumusay
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (TO), Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Unità di Oncologia Medica, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Wabl
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (TO), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Hope S Rugo
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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15
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Tarantino P, Morganti S, Curigliano G. Biologic therapy for advanced breast cancer: recent advances and future directions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1009-1024. [PMID: 32255704 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1752176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced breast cancer (ABC) is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in women worldwide. For decades, treatment of ABC has relied on chemotherapy and endocrine treatments (ET), until HER2 was recognized as a 'druggable' target in the 1990s. Thereafter, various anti-HER2 drugs have been approved for the HER2-positive subtype, but only in the last few years, biologic agents targeting different pathways have entered the therapeutic arsenal of luminal and triple-negative cancers. AREAS COVERED The purpose of the present review is to recapitulate the most promising novel biologic agents being developed for the treatment of ABC. New drugs for all breast cancer subtypes are discussed, as well as some potential future directions in ABC treatment. EXPERT OPINION Several biologic drugs have been recently approved, revolutionizing ABC treatment algorithms: key examples are CDK4/6-inhibitors and the PI3K-inhibitor alpelisib for endocrine-positive ABC; atezolizumab for triple-negative cancers; two PARP-inhibitors for HER2-negative germinal BRCA-mutated cancers. Additionally, multiple drugs are demonstrating activity in late-phase clinical trials for all subtypes. While some of these represent pharmacological evolutions of previously approved drugs, some others might pave the way for new paradigms in ABC, challenging both its classification and current treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tarantino
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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16
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He J, Wang S, Liu X, Lin R, Deng F, Jia Z, Zhang C, Li Z, Zhu H, Tang L, Yang P, He D, Jia Q, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of HDAC Inhibitors With a Novel Zinc Binding Group. Front Chem 2020; 8:256. [PMID: 32351936 PMCID: PMC7174758 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vorinostat (SAHA) with great therapeutic potential has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma as the first HDACs inhibitor, but the drawbacks associated with hydroxamic acid group (poor stability, easy metabolism, weak binding ability to class IIa isozymes, and poor selectivity) have been exposed during the continuous clinical application. Based on the pharmacophore of HDAC inhibitors, two series of compounds with novel zinc binding group (ZBG) were designed and synthesized, and the antitumor bioactivities were evaluated in four human cancer cell lines (A549, Hela, HepG2, and MCF-7). Among the synthesized compounds, compounds a6, a9, a10, b8, and b9 exhibited promising inhibitory activities against the selected tumor cell lines, especially compounds a9 and b8 on Hela's cytostatic activity (a9: IC50 = 11.15 ± 3.24 μM; b8: IC50 = 13.68 ± 1.31 μM). The enzyme inhibition assay against Hela extracts and HDAC1&6 subtypes showed that compound a9 had a certain broad-spectrum inhibitory activity, while compound b8 had selective inhibitory activity against HDAC6, which was consistent with Western blot results. In addition, the inhibitory mechanism of compounds a9 and b8 in HDAC1&6 were both compared through computational approaches, and the binding interactions between the compounds and the enzymes target were analyzed from the perspective of energy profile and conformation. In summary, the compounds with novel ZBG exhibited certain antitumor activities, providing valuable hints for the discovery of novel HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruili Lin
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong Jia
- Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou Second People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtian Zhu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou Second People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Biancolella M, Testa B, Baghernajad Salehi L, D'Apice MR, Novelli G. Genetics and Genomics of Breast Cancer: update and translational perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:27-35. [PMID: 32259642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years the rapid scientific innovation in the evaluation of the individual's genome have allowed the identification of variants associated with the onset, treatment and prognosis of various pathologies including cancer, and with a potential impact in the assessment of therapy responses. Despite the analysis and interpretation of genomic information is considered incomplete, in many cases the identification of specific genomic profile has allowed the stratification of subgroups of patients characterized by a better response to drug therapies. Individual genome analysis has changed profoundly the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of breast cancer in the last 15 years by identifying selective molecular lesions that drive the development of neoplasms, showing that each tumor has its own genomic signature, with some specific features and some features common to several sub-types. Several personalized therapies have been (and still are being) developed showing a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Testa
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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18
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Dahn ML, Cruickshank BM, Jackson AJ, Dean C, Holloway RW, Hall SR, Coyle KM, Maillet H, Waisman DM, Goralski KB, Giacomantonio CA, Weaver ICG, Marcato P. Decitabine Response in Breast Cancer Requires Efficient Drug Processing and Is Not Limited by Multidrug Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1110-1122. [PMID: 32156786 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methylation is an established feature of breast cancers. DNA demethylating therapies like decitabine are proposed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) and indicators of response need to be identified. For this purpose, we characterized the effects of decitabine in a panel of 10 breast cancer cell lines and observed a range of sensitivity to decitabine that was not subtype specific. Knockdown of potential key effectors demonstrated the requirement of deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) for decitabine response in breast cancer cells. In treatment-naïve breast tumors, DCK was higher in TNBCs, and DCK levels were sustained or increased post chemotherapy treatment. This suggests that limited DCK levels will not be a barrier to response in patients with TNBC treated with decitabine as a second-line treatment or in a clinical trial. Methylome analysis revealed that genome-wide, region-specific, tumor suppressor gene-specific methylation, and decitabine-induced demethylation did not predict response to decitabine. Gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptome data demonstrated that decitabine induced genes within apoptosis, cell cycle, stress, and immune pathways. Induced genes included those characterized by the viral mimicry response; however, knockdown of key effectors of the pathway did not affect decitabine sensitivity suggesting that breast cancer growth suppression by decitabine is independent of viral mimicry. Finally, taxol-resistant breast cancer cells expressing high levels of multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1 remained sensitive to decitabine, suggesting that the drug could be used as second-line treatment for chemoresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Dahn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ainsleigh J Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cheryl Dean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan W Holloway
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hillary Maillet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David M Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carman A Giacomantonio
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Brain Repair Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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19
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Li J, Li X. Comprehensive analysis of prognosis-related methylated sites in breast carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1161. [PMID: 32037691 PMCID: PMC7196449 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma has become a nonnegligible public health problem in China with its increasing incidence and mortality in woman. As a early event regulating tumorigenesis and development, DNA methylation became one of the focuses of current carcinoma researches on potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Methods In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression data and DNA methylation data of breast carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Influences of tumor stage, adjuvant therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy on CpG methylation level were explored by linear regression analysis. Correlations between methylation and gene expression levels were determined by spearman rank correlation analysis. Log‐rank test was applied for determining significance of associations between CpG sites methylation level and breast cancer patients' Kaplan–Meier survival. Results A total of 229 CpG sites were found to be significantly associated with tumor stage or treatment, and eight of which were potential markers that affect the survival of breast carcinoma and negatively correlated with their genes' expression levels. Conclusions We reported eight CpG sites as potential breast cancer prognosis signatures through comprehensively analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation datasets, and excluding influences of tumor stage and treatment. This should be helpful for breast cancer early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Cao J, Sun J, Zhu Z. Mechanisms of resistance to estrogen receptor modulators in ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:559-572. [PMID: 31471681 PMCID: PMC11105043 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy represents a mainstay adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in clinical practice with an overall survival (OS) benefit. However, the emergence of resistance is inevitable over time and is present in one-third of the ER+ breast tumors. Several mechanisms of endocrine resistance in ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancers, through ERα itself, receptor tyrosine signaling, or cell cycle pathway, have been identified to be pivotal in endocrine therapy. The epigenetic alterations also contribute to ensuring tumor cells' escape from endocrine therapies. The strategy of combined hormone therapy with targeted pharmaceutical compounds has shown an improvement of progression-free survival or OS in clinical practice, including three different classes of drugs: CDK4/6 inhibitors, selective inhibitor of PI3Kα and mTOR inhibitors. Many therapeutic targets of cell cycle pathway and cell signaling and their combination strategies have recently entered clinical trials. This review focuses on Cyclin D-CDK4/6-RB axis, PI3K pathway and HDACs. Additionally, genomic evolution is complex in tumors exposed to hormonal therapy. We highlight the genomic alterations present in ESR1 and PIK3CA genes to elucidate adaptive mechanisms of endocrine resistance, and discuss how these mutations may inform novel combinations to improve clinical outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiangran Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiafu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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21
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Ma W, Sun J, Xu J, Luo Z, Diao D, Zhang Z, Oberly PJ, Minnigh MB, Xie W, Poloyac SM, Huang Y, Li S. Sensitizing Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Tamoxifen Chemotherapy via a Redox-Responsive Vorinostat-containing Polymeric Prodrug Nanocarrier. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2463-2478. [PMID: 32194813 PMCID: PMC7052901 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent and unmet need to develop effective therapies for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) which are much more aggressive and have poor prognosis due to lack of receptor targets for Her2-targeted and endocrine therapy. In this study we systematically evaluated the effect of Vorinostat (SAHA, a pan-HDAC inhibitor) in reactivating the expression of functional estrogen receptor α (ERα) and synergizing with tamoxifen (TAM, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator) in antitumor activity. In addition, a SAHA prodrug-based dual functional nanocarrier was developed for codelivery of SAHA and TAM for effective combination therapy. Methods: A SAHA-containing polymeric nanocarrier, POEG-co-PVDSAHA was developed via reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization with SAHA incorporated into the polymer through a redox-responsive disulfide linkage. The effect of both free SAHA and POEG-co-PVDSAHA on reactivating the expression of functional ERα was investigated in several human and murine TNBC cell lines via examining the mRNA and protein expression of ERα target genes. The cytotoxicity of free SAHA and TAM combination and TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles was examined via MTT assay. The in vivo antitumor activity of TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA was investigated in a murine breast cancer model (4T1.2). Results: Both free SAHA and POEG-co-PVDSAHA were effective in inducing the reexpression of functional estrogen receptor α (ERα), which may have helped to sensitize TNBCs to TAM. More importantly, POEG-co-PVDSAHA self-assembled to form small-sized micellar carrier that is effective in formulating and codelivery of TAM. TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles exhibited enhanced and synergistic cytotoxicity against TNBC cell lines compared with free SAHA, free TAM and TAM loaded into a pharmacologically inert control carrier (POEG-co-PVMA). In addition, codelivery of TAM via POEG-co-PVDSAHA micelles led to significantly improved antitumor efficacy in 4T1.2 tumor model compared with other groups such as combination of free SAHA and TAM and TAM-loaded POEG-co-PVMA micelles. Conclusion: Our prodrug-based co-delivery system may provide an effective and simple strategy to re-sensitize TNBCs to TAM-based hormone therapy.
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Menbari MN, Rahimi K, Ahmadi A, Elyasi A, Darvishi N, Hosseini V, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Abdi M. MiR-216b-5p inhibits cell proliferation in human breast cancer by down-regulating HDAC8 expression. Life Sci 2019; 237:116945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tharmapalan P, Mahendralingam M, Berman HK, Khokha R. Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100852. [PMID: 31267556 PMCID: PMC6627238 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevention is daunting, yet not an unsurmountable goal. Mammary stem and progenitors have been proposed as the cells-of-origin in breast cancer. Here, we present the concept of limiting these breast cancer precursors as a risk reduction approach in high-risk women. A wealth of information now exists for phenotypic and functional characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells in mouse and human. Recent work has also revealed the hormonal regulation of stem/progenitor dynamics as well as intrinsic lineage distinctions between mammary epithelial populations. Leveraging these insights, molecular marker-guided chemoprevention is an achievable reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathepan Mahendralingam
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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24
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Vermeulen MA, van Deurzen CHM, Doebar SC, de Leng WWJ, Martens JWM, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Promoter hypermethylation in ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:575-584. [PMID: 30921768 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the male breast is very rare and has hardly been studied molecularly. In males, we compared methylation status of 25 breast cancer-related genes in pure DCIS (n = 18) and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with adjacent DCIS (DCIS-AIC) (n = 44) using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results were compared to female breast cancer (BC). There were no significant differences in methylation features between male pure DCIS, DCIS-AIC and IBC after correction for multiple comparisons. In paired analysis of IBC and adjacent DCIS, CADM1 showed a significantly higher absolute methylation percentage in DCIS (P = 0.002). In cluster analysis, two clusters stood out with respectively infrequent and frequent methylation (GATA5, KLLN, PAX6, PAX5, CDH13, MSH6 and WT1 were frequently methylated). Compared to female DCIS, methylation was in general much less common in male DCIS, especially for VHL, ESR1, CDKN2A, CD44, CHFR, BRCA2, RB1 and STK11. In contrast, THBS1 and GATA5 were more frequently methylated in male DCIS. In conclusion, there is frequent methylation of GATA5, KLLN, PAX6, PAX5, CDH13, MSH6 and WT1 in male DCIS. Since there was little change in the methylation status for the studied genes from pure male DCIS to DCIS-AIC and IBC, methylation of these seven genes is more likely to occur early in male breast carcinogenesis. Based on the current markers male DCIS seems to be an epigenetically more advanced precursor of male BC, although in comparison to its female counterpart it appears that fewer loci harbor methylation, pointing to differences between male and female breast carcinogenesis with regard to the studied loci.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn A Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- BOOG Study Center/Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shusma C Doebar
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- BOOG Study Center/Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Deshmukh A, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Epigenetic demethylation of sFRPs, with emphasis on sFRP4 activation, leading to Wnt signalling suppression and histone modifications in breast, prostate, and ovary cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Agbaria S, Haim A, Fares F, Zubidat AE. Epigenetic modification in 4T1 mouse breast cancer model by artificial light at night and melatonin - the role of DNA-methyltransferase. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:629-643. [PMID: 30746962 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1574265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most disputed hypotheses regarding breast cancer (BC) development is exposure to short wavelength artificial light at night (ALAN) as multiple studies suggest a possible link between them. This link is suggested to be mediated by nocturnal melatonin suppression that plays an integral role in circadian regulations including cell division. The objective of the research was to evaluate effects of 1 × 30 min/midnight ALAN (134 µ Wcm-2, 460 nm) with or without nocturnal melatonin supplement on tumor development and epigenetic responses in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Mice were monitored for body mass (Wb) and tumor volume for 3 weeks and thereafter urine samples were collected at regular intervals for determining daily rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT). Finally, mice were sacrificed and the tumor, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised for analyzing the total activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and global DNA methylation (GDM) levels. Mice exposed to ALAN significantly reduced 6-SMT levels and increased Wb, tumor volume, and lung metastasis compared with controls. These effects were diminished by melatonin. The DNMT activity and GDM levels showed tissue-specific response. The enzymatic activity and GDM levels were lower in tumor and liver and higher in spleen and lungs under ALAN compared with controls. Our results suggest that ALAN disrupts the melatonin rhythm and potentially leading to increased BC burden by affecting DNMT activity and GDM levels. These data may also be applicable to early detection and management of BC by monitoring melatonin and GDM levels as early biomarker of ALAN circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Agbaria
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abraham Haim
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Fuad Fares
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.,c Department of Molecular Genetics , Carmel Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abed E Zubidat
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Natarajan U, Venkatesan T, Radhakrishnan V, Samuel S, Rasappan P, Rathinavelu A. Cell Cycle Arrest and Cytotoxic Effects of SAHA and RG7388 Mediated through p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 in Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55020030. [PMID: 30700046 PMCID: PMC6409969 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alterations in gene expressions are often due to epigenetic modifications that can have a significant influence on cancer development, growth, and progression. Lately, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, or vorinostat, MK0683) have been emerging as a new class of drugs with promising therapeutic benefits in controlling cancer growth and metastasis. The small molecule RG7388 (idasanutlin, R05503781) is a newly developed inhibitor that is specific for an oncogene-derived protein called MDM2, which is also in clinical trials for the treatment of various types of cancers. These two drugs have shown the ability to induce p21 expression through distinct mechanisms in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells, which are reported to have wild-type TP53. Our understanding of the molecular mechanism whereby SAHA and RG7388 can induce cell cycle arrest and trigger cell death is still evolving. In this study, we performed experiments to measure the cell cycle arrest effects of SAHA and RG7388 using MCF-7 and LNCaP cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis/necroptosis effects of the SAHA and RG7388 treatments were assessed using the Trypan Blue dye exclusion (TBDE) method, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence assay with DEVD-amc substrate, and immunoblotting methods. RESULTS The RG7388 treatment was able to induce cell death by elevating p21WAF1/CIP1 through inhibition of MDM2 in LNCaP, but not in MCF-7 cells, even though there was evidence of p53 elevation. Hence, we suspect that there is some level of uncoupling of p53-mediated transcriptional induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION Our results from MCF-7 and LNCaP cells confirmed that SAHA and RG7388 treatments were able to induce cell death via a combination of cell cycle arrest and cytotoxic mechanisms. We speculate that our findings could lead to the development of newer treatments for breast and prostate cancers with drug combinations including HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umamaheswari Natarajan
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University,Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, Kattupakkam, Chennai 600056, India.
| | - Thiagarajan Venkatesan
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University,Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
| | | | - Shila Samuel
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, Kattupakkam, Chennai 600056, India.
| | - Periannan Rasappan
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, Kattupakkam, Chennai 600056, India.
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University,Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University,Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
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Differential Mechanisms of Cell Death Induced by HDAC Inhibitor SAHA and MDM2 Inhibitor RG7388 in MCF-7 Cells. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010008. [PMID: 30583560 PMCID: PMC6356663 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is often altered by epigenetic modifications that can significantly influence the growth ability and progression of cancers. SAHA (Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, also known as Vorinostat), a well-known Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, can stop cancer growth and metastatic processes through epigenetic alterations. On the other hand, Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that can elicit strong anti-cancer effects on breast cancer through direct and indirect mechanisms. A newly developed inhibitor, RG7388 specific for an oncogene-derived protein called MDM2, is in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. In this paper, we performed assays to measure the effects of cell cycle arrest resulting from individual drug treatments or combination treatments with SAHA + letrozole and SAHA + RG7388, using the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. When SAHA was used individually, or in combination treatments with RG7388, a significant increase in the cytotoxic effect was obtained. Induction of cell cycle arrest by SAHA in cancer cells was evidenced by elevated p21 protein levels. In addition, SAHA treatment in MCF-7 cells showed significant up-regulation in phospho-RIP3 and MLKL levels. Our results confirmed that cell death caused by SAHA treatment was primarily through the induction of necroptosis. On the other hand, the RG7388 treatment was able to induce apoptosis by elevating BAX levels. It appears that, during combination treatments, with SAHA and RG7388, two parallel pathways might be induced simultaneously, that could lead to increased cancer cell death. SAHA appears to induce cell necroptosis in a p21-dependent manner, and RG7388 seems to induce apoptosis in a p21-independent manner, outlining differential mechanisms of cell death induction. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the intracellular mechanisms that are triggered by these two anti-cancer agents.
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Interplay between Epigenetics, Expression of Estrogen Receptor- α, HER2/ERBB2 and Sensitivity of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Hormonal Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010013. [PMID: 30583472 PMCID: PMC6356506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are resistant to hormonal/targeted therapies. This study aims to investigate epigenetic differences between TNBC and other types of breast cancer and the effect of epigenetic modulation on the response of TNBC cells to hormonal therapy. Thus, we investigated (i) the expression of different epigenetic markers, (ii) the effect of epigenetic modifying agents on the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2 and (iii) the effect on the response to tamoxifen in four breast cancer cell lines with different hormonal receptor status. Our results revealed a differential expression patterns of epigenetic markers in the four breast cancer cells. In TNBC cells, histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 2 were less expressed, whereas HDACs 4 and 6 were overexpressed. Interestingly, treatment with epigenetic modifiers resulted in (i) a pronounced increase in the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2 along with (ii) an increase in the sensitivity of TNBC cells to tamoxifen. Collectively, this study indicates a different epigenetic background for TNBC cells, which represses the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2. Furthermore, we provide here the rationale for the use of epigenetic modifiers to enhance the response of TNBC to hormonal therapy through upregulation of ERα.
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30
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Novel Clofarabine-Based Combinations with Polyphenols Epigenetically Reactivate Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta, Inhibit Cell Growth, and Induce Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123970. [PMID: 30544666 PMCID: PMC6321577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An epigenetic component, especially aberrant DNA methylation pattern, has been shown to be frequently involved in sporadic breast cancer development. A growing body of literature demonstrates that combination of agents, i.e. nucleoside analogues with dietary phytochemicals, may provide enhanced therapeutic effects in epigenetic reprogramming of cancer cells. Clofarabine (2-chloro-2′-fluoro-2′-deoxyarabinosyladenine, ClF), a second-generation 2′-deoxyadenosine analogue, has numerous anti-cancer effects, including potential capacity to regulate epigenetic processes. Our present study is the first to investigate the combinatorial effects of ClF (used at IC50 concentration) with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, tea catechin) or genistein (soy phytoestrogen), at physiological concentrations, on breast cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and epigenetic regulation of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) transcriptional activity. In MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, RARB promoter methylation and expression of RARB, modifiers of DNA methylation reaction (DNMT1, CDKN1A, TP53), and potential regulator of RARB transcription, PTEN, were estimated using methylation-sensitive restriction analysis (MSRA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. The combinatorial exposures synergistically or additively inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells, followed by RARB hypomethylation with concomitant multiple increase in RARB, PTEN, and CDKN1A transcript levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of ClF-based combinations with polyphenols to promote cancer cell death and reactivate DNA methylation-silenced tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer cells with different invasive potential.
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31
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Guo P, Chen W, Li H, Li M, Li L. The Histone Acetylation Modifications of Breast Cancer and their Therapeutic Implications. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:807-813. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Cao C, Wu H, Vasilatos SN, Chandran U, Qin Y, Wan Y, Oesterreich S, Davidson NE, Huang Y. HDAC5-LSD1 axis regulates antineoplastic effect of natural HDAC inhibitor sulforaphane in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1388-1401. [PMID: 29633255 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that cross-talk between histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) facilitates breast cancer progression. In this work, we demonstrated that regulatory activity at -356 to -100 bp promoter element plays a critical role in governing HDAC5 transcription. By using DNA affinity precipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified a group of factors that bind to this element. Among these factors, Upstream Transcription Factor 1 (USF1) was shown to play a critical role in controlling HDAC5 transcription. Through screening a panel of epigenetic modifying drugs, we showed that a natural bioactive HDAC inhibitor, sulforaphane, downregulated HDAC5 transcription by blocking USF1 activity. Sulforaphane facilitated LSD1 ubiquitination and degradation in an HDAC5-dependent manner. A comparative microarray analysis demonstrated a genome wide cooperative effect of HDAC5 and LSD1 on cancer-related gene expression. shRNA knockdown and sulforaphane inhibition of HDAC5/LSD1 exhibited similar effects on expression of HDAC5/LSD1 target genes. We also showed that coordinated cross-talk of HDAC5 and LSD1 is essential for the antitumor efficacy of sulforaphane. Combination treatment with sulforaphane and a potent LSD1 inhibitor resulted in synergistic growth inhibition in breast cancer cells, but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, combined therapy with sulforaphane and LSD1 inhibitor exhibited superior inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor growth. Taken together, our work demonstrates that HDAC5-LSD1 axis is an effective drug target for breast cancer. Inhibition of HDAC5-LSD1 axis with sulforaphane blocks breast cancer growth and combined treatment with LSD1 inhibitor improves the therapeutic efficacy of sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Cao
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hao Wu
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shauna N Vasilatos
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ye Qin
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yong Wan
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yi Huang
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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33
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Feng X, Han H, Zou D, Zhou J, Zhou W. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid-induced specific epigenetic regulation controls Leptin-induced proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3364-3379. [PMID: 27926517 PMCID: PMC5356888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women in the world, investigating the characteristics and special transduction pathways is important for better understanding breast development and tumorigenesis. Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes, may be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Here, we treated suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on Leptin-induced cell proliferation and invasion in the estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Low concentrations of Leptin (0.625 nM) significantly stimulated breast cancer cell growth, enhanced cell viability, minimized apoptosis, and increased cell cycle transition. In contrast, SAHA (5 μM) treatment had reverse effects. Wound healing assay showed that, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell line, cell migrating stimulated by Leptin was significantly repressed with SAHA treatment. Moreover, cell cycle real-time PCR array and proteome profiler antibody array confirmed that Leptin and SAHA treatment significantly changed the expressions of factors associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptosis including p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1. In DNA-ChIP analysis, we found that acetylation levels binding with p21WAF1/CIP1 promoters are regulated in a manner specific to histone type, lysine residue and selective promoter regions. SAHA significantly up-regulated the acetylation levels of AcH3-k14 and AcH3-k27 in MCF-7 cells, whereas Leptin repressed the modification. In addition, SAHA or Leptin had no significant effects on the AcH4 acetylation binding with any regions of p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter. In MDA-MB-231 cells, SAHA alone or in combination with Leptin significantly increased acetylation levels of Ach3-k27, Ach3-k18 and Ach4-k5 residues. However, no clear change was found with Leptin alone at all. Overall, our data will inform future studies to elucidate the mechanisms of p21WAF1/CIP1 transcriptional regulation, and the functional roles of p21WAF1/CIP1 in breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110002, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- Northeast Yucai Foreign Language School, Hunnan New District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110179, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
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Shi G, Yoshida Y, Yuki K, Nishimura T, Kawata Y, Kawashima M, Iwaisako K, Yoshikawa K, Kurebayashi J, Toi M, Noda M. Pattern of RECK CpG methylation as a potential marker for predicting breast cancer prognosis and drug-sensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82158-82169. [PMID: 27058625 PMCID: PMC5347682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored glycoprotein RECK negatively regulates multiple metalloproteinases and is frequently downregulated in tumors. Forced RECK expression in cancer cells results in suppression of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in xenograft models. A previous methylome study on breast cancer tissues detected inverse correlation between RECK CpG methylation (in an intron-1 region) and relapse-free survival. In this study, we focused on another region of the RECK CpG island (a promoter/exon-1 region) and found an inverse correlation between its methylation and RECK-inducibility by an HDAC inhibitor, MS275, among a panel of breast cancer cell lines (n=15). In clinical samples (n=62), RECK intron-1 methylation was prevalent among luminal breast cancers as reported previously (26 of 38 cases; 68%) and particularly enriched in tumors of the ER+PR- subclass (10 of 10 cases) and of higher histological grades (Grade 2 and 3; 28 of 43 cases; P=0.006). In about a half of these cases, promoter/exon-1 methylation was absent, and hence, RECK may be inducible by certain drugs such as MS275. Our results indicate the value of combined use of two RECK methylation markers for predicting prognosis and drug-sensitivity of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Shi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishimura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawata
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Kurebayashi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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35
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Li M, Li X, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Burow ME, Collins-Burow B, Xue M, Song C, Shan B. Induction of HOXA9 expression in three-dimensional organotypic culture of the Claudin-low breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51503-51514. [PMID: 27409175 PMCID: PMC5239492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene expression signatures of the molecular intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation of CpG islands in gene promoters. Epigenetic codes can be regulated by the tumor microenvironment. The Claudin-low subtype is associated with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas in patients. Herein we explored epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the Claudin-low breast cancer cells by extracellular matrix (ECM), a key component of the tumor microenvironment. We modeled attachment to ECM using laminin rich ECM three-dimensional organotypic culture (lrECM 3D). In 2D and lrECM 3D cultures we examined expression of the homeobox (HOX) genes that epigenetically regulated in development and cancer. We demonstrated induction of the selected HOX genes in lrECM 3D culture of the Claudin-low breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T. In particular activation of HOXA9 expression in lrECM 3D culture required binding of bromodomain containing 4 to the HOXA9 promoter and involved CpG hypomethylation. Our findings warrant further investigation of the ECM-regulated epigenetic coding of gene expression in the Claudin-low breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical College Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Min Xue
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Song
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
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Pucci S, Zonetti MJ, Fisco T, Polidoro C, Bocchinfuso G, Palleschi A, Novelli G, Spagnoli LG, Mazzarelli P. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1A (CPT1A): a new tumor specific target in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:19982-96. [PMID: 26799588 PMCID: PMC4991433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms epigenetically-regulated in tumoral tissues point out new targets for anti-cancer therapies. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the transport of long-chain fatty acids for β-oxidation. Here we identified the tumor specific nuclear CPT1A as a product of the transcript variant 2, that doesn't retain the classical transferase activity and is strongly involved in the epigenetic regulation of cancer pro-survival, cell death escaping and tumor invasion pathways. The knockdown of CPT1A variant 2 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), was sufficient to induce apoptosis in MCF-7, SK-BR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The cell death triggered by CPT1A silencing correlated with reduction of HDAC activity and histone hyperacetylation. Docking experiments and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed an high binding affinity of the variant 2 for HDAC1. The CPT1A silenced cells showed an up-regulated transcription of pro-apoptotic genes (BAD, CASP9, COL18A1) and down-modulation of invasion and metastasis related-genes (TIMP-1, PDGF-A, SERPINB2). These findings provide evidence of the CPT1 variant 2 involvement in breast cancer survival, cell death escape and invasion. Thus, we propose nuclear CPT1A as a striking tumor specific target for anticancer therapeutics, more selective and effective as compared with the well-known HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Zonetti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fisco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Polidoro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi G Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mazzarelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Yeruva SLH, Zhao F, Miller KD, Tevaarwerk AJ, Wagner LI, Gray RJ, Sparano JA, Connolly RM. E2112: randomized phase iii trial of endocrine therapy plus entinostat/placebo in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:1. [PMID: 29354686 PMCID: PMC5765007 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapies are effective in the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer, however, de novo or acquired treatment resistance is a significant clinical problem. A potential mechanism of resistance involves changes in gene expression secondary to epigenetic modifications, which might be reversed with the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as entinostat. The ENCORE 301 phase II randomized, placebo-controlled study demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with the addition of entinostat to exemestane in patients with HR-positive advanced breast cancer with disease progression after prior non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI). These results prompted the development of E2112, a phase III registration trial which is investigating entinostat/placebo in combination with exemestane in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have experienced disease progression after a non-steroidal AI. E2112 aims to validate the preclinical and clinical findings supporting the role of HDAC inhibitors in overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lynne I. Wagner
- Wake Forest University Health Services, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Sparano
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
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Targeting the Epigenome as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:287-313. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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HDAC1 triggers the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via upregulation of interleukin-8. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1347-1356. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTargeted inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is one of the potent anticancer therapy approaches. Our data showed that mRNA and protein levels of HDAC1 in breast cancer cells were greater than that in normal fibroblast 3T3 cells and normal epithelial breast MCF10A cells. The mRNA levels of HDAC1 in 75% of breast cancer tissues (18/24) were greater than that in their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of HDAC1 by specific siRNAs can suppress the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and inhibit the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), while not IL-6. While recombinant IL-8 (rIL-8) can attenuate the suppression effects of si-HDAC1 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. HDAC1 can positively regulate the transcription and promoter activities of IL-8. While NF-κB and MAPK, two important signals responsible for the transcription of IL-8, did not mediate HDAC1 regulated IL-8 expression. The expression and nuclear translocation of Snail were increased in HDAC1 over expressed breast cancer cells. Targeted inhibition of Snail can attenuate HDAC1 over expression induced cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our data showed that HDAC1 can trigger the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of Snail/IL-8 signals.
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Bagu ET, Miah S, Dai C, Spriggs T, Ogunbolude Y, Beaton E, Sanders M, Goel RK, Bonham K, Lukong KE. Repression of Fyn-related kinase in breast cancer cells is associated with promoter site-specific CpG methylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11442-11459. [PMID: 28077797 PMCID: PMC5355277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is highly aggressive and has no defined therapeutic target. Fyn-related kinase (FRK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, reported to be downregulated in breast cancer and gliomas, where it is suggested to have tumor suppressor activity. We examined the expression profile of FRK in a panel of 40 breast cancer cells representing all the major subtypes, as well as in 4 non-malignant mammary epithelial cell lines. We found that FRK expression was significantly repressed in a proportion of basal B breast cancer cell lines. We then determined the mechanism of suppression of FRK in FRK-low or negative cell lines. In silico analyses of the FRK promoter region led to the identification of at least 17 CpG sites. Bisulphite sequencing of the promoter region revealed that two of these sites were consistently methylated in FRK-low/negative cell lines and especially in the basal B breast cancer subtype. We further show that treatment of these cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors, Entinostat and Mocetinostat' promoted re-expression of FRK mRNA and protein. Further, using luciferase reporter assays, we show that both GATA3-binding protein FOG1 and constitutively active STAT5A increased the activity of FRK promoter. Together, our results present the first evidence that site-specific promoter methylation contributes to the repression of FRK more so in basal B breast cancers. Our study also highlights the potential clinical significance of targeting FRK using epigenetic drugs specifically in basal B breast cancers which are usually triple negative and very aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Bagu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Cancer Research Unit, Health Research Division, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, and Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Sayem Miah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Current address: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chenlu Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Travis Spriggs
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yetunde Ogunbolude
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Erika Beaton
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Cancer Research Unit, Health Research Division, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, and Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Michelle Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Cancer Research Unit, Health Research Division, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, and Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Raghuveera K Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Keith Bonham
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.,Cancer Research Unit, Health Research Division, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, and Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
| | - Kiven E Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Tumor and serum DNA methylation in women receiving preoperative chemotherapy with or without vorinostat in TBCRC008. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:107-116. [PMID: 28918548 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylated gene markers have shown promise in predicting breast cancer outcomes and treatment response. We evaluated whether baseline and changes in tissue and serum methylation levels would predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer undergoing preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS The TBCRC008 trial investigated pCR following 12 weeks of preoperative carboplatin and albumin-bound paclitaxel + vorinostat/placebo (n = 62). We measured methylation of a 10-gene panel by quantitative multiplex methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and expressed results as cumulative methylation index (CMI). We evaluated association between CMI level [baseline, day 15 (D15), and change] and pCR using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models controlling for treatment and hormone receptor (HR) status, and performed exploratory subgroup analyses. RESULTS In univariate analysis, one log unit increase in tissue CMI levels at D15 was associated with 40% lower chance of obtaining pCR (odds ratio, OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.97; p = 0.037). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant association between tissue D15 CMI levels and pCR in vorinostat-treated [OR 0.44 (0.20, 0.93), p = 0.03], but not placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSION In this study investigating the predictive roles of tissue and serum CMI levels in patients with early breast cancer for the first time, we demonstrate that high D15 tissue CMI levels may predict poor response. Larger studies and improved analytical procedures to detect methylated gene markers in early stage breast cancer are needed. TBCRC008 is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00616967).
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Connolly RM, Rudek MA, Piekarz R. Entinostat: a promising treatment option for patients with advanced breast cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1137-1148. [PMID: 28326839 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Entinostat is a synthetic benzamide derivative histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which potently and selectively inhibits class I and IV HDAC enzymes. This action promotes histone hyperacetylation and transcriptional activation of specific genes, with subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation, terminal differentiation and apoptosis. This oral HDAC inhibitor has been evaluated in Phase I and II trials in patients with advanced malignancies, and is in general well tolerated. Entinostat does not currently have regulatory approval for clinical use; however promising preclinical and clinical data exist in hormone-resistant breast cancer. An ECOG-ACRIN Phase III registration study is ongoing in advanced breast cancer (E2112, NCT02115282) and aims to confirm the overall survival advantage observed with the combination of exemestane and entinostat/placebo in the Phase II setting (ENCORE301 trial). This article provides an overview of the chemistry, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and available clinical data for entinostat with a focus on advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin M Connolly
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhang H, Shang YP, Chen HY, Li J. Histone deacetylases function as novel potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:149-159. [PMID: 27457249 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diverse cellular functions, including tumor suppressor gene expression, DNA repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis, are regulated by histone acetylation and deacetylation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in remodeling of chromatin by deacetylating the lysine residues. They play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of HDACs and aberrant chromatin acetylation and deacetylation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Histone deacetylases have become a target for the development of drugs for treating cancer because of their major contribution to oncogenic cell transformation. Overexpression of HDACs correlates with tumorigenesis. Previous work showed that inhibition of HDACs results in apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in multiple cells. A significant number of HDAC inhibitors have been developed in the past decade. These inhibitors have strong anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, inducing growth arrest, differentiation, and programmed cell death, inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, and suppressing angiogenesis. In addition, HDAC-mediated deacetylation alters the transcriptional activity of nuclear transcription factors, including p53, E2F, c-Myc, and nuclear factor-κB, as well as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways. This review highlights the role of HDACs in cancer pathogenesis and, more importantly, that HDACs are potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Yu-Ping Shang
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital and West Branch of Anhui Provincial Hospital
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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44
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Connolly RM, Li H, Jankowitz RC, Zhang Z, Rudek MA, Jeter SC, Slater SA, Powers P, Wolff AC, Fetting JH, Brufsky A, Piekarz R, Ahuja N, Laird PW, Shen H, Weisenberger DJ, Cope L, Herman JG, Somlo G, Garcia AA, Jones PA, Baylin SB, Davidson NE, Zahnow CA, Stearns V. Combination Epigenetic Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer with 5-Azacitidine and Entinostat: A Phase II National Cancer Institute/Stand Up to Cancer Study. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2691-2701. [PMID: 27979916 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In breast cancer models, combination epigenetic therapy with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor led to reexpression of genes encoding important therapeutic targets, including the estrogen receptor (ER). We conducted a multicenter phase II study of 5-azacitidine and entinostat in women with advanced hormone-resistant or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Experimental Design: Patients received 5-azacitidine 40 mg/m2 (days 1-5, 8-10) and entinostat 7 mg (days 3, 10) on a 28-day cycle. Continuation of epigenetic therapy was offered with the addition of endocrine therapy at the time of progression [optional continuation (OC) phase]. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in each cohort. We hypothesized that ORR would be ≥20% against null of 5% using Simon two-stage design. At least one response was required in 1 of 13 patients per cohort to continue accrual to 27 per cohort (type I error, 4%; power, 90%).Results: There was one partial response among 27 women with hormone-resistant disease (ORR = 4%; 95% CI, 0-19), and none in 13 women with TNBC. One additional partial response was observed in the OC phase in the hormone-resistant cohort (n = 12). Mandatory tumor samples were obtained pre- and posttreatment (58% paired) with either up- or downregulation of ER observed in approximately 50% of posttreatment biopsies in the hormone-resistant, but not TNBC cohort.Conclusions: Combination epigenetic therapy was well tolerated, but our primary endpoint was not met. OC phase results suggest that some women benefit from epigenetic therapy and/or reintroduction of endocrine therapy beyond progression, but further study is needed. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2691-701. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin M Connolly
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Huili Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Zhe Zhang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stacie C Jeter
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon A Slater
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Penny Powers
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John H Fetting
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Hui Shen
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Leslie Cope
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James G Herman
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Peter A Jones
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vered Stearns
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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45
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Wu L, Shen Y, Peng X, Zhang S, Wang M, Xu G, Zheng X, Wang J, Lu C. Aberrant promoter methylation of cancer-related genes in human breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5145-5155. [PMID: 28105221 PMCID: PMC5228392 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of aberrant DNA methylation is being increasingly recognized in breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the promoter methylation status of seven candidate genes and to explore their potential use as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. A total of 70 Chinese patients with breast cancer were recruited, and matched with 20 patients with benign breast disease (BBD). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the methylation status of selected genes. The protein expression of candidate genes was determined by immunohistochemistry. Hypermethylation of Breast cancer 1, early onset; DNA repair associated (BRCA1), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, phosphatase and tensin homolog, retinoic acid receptor beta 2 and cyclin D2 was observed to be more common in cancerous tissues (24.3, 31.4, 40.0, 27.1, 48.6, 55.7 and 67.1%, respectively) as compared with BBD controls (0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 25.0, 40.0, 40.0 and 45.0%, respectively). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a correlation between the methylation of the target gene and downregulation of protein expression. When BRCA1 and GSTP1 were combined as the biomarker, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reached 0.721 (95% confidence interval, 0.616–0.827). The present findings indicated that promoter methylation of cancer-related genes was frequently observed in patients with breast cancer and was associated with various clinical features. Hypermethylation of BRCA1 and GSTP1 may be used as promising biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aoyoung Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215617, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhen Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Guisheng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China; The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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46
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Luo X, Yang L, Xiao L, Xia X, Dong X, Zhong J, Liu Y, Li N, Chen L, Li H, Li W, Liu W, Yu X, Chen H, Tang M, Weng X, Yi W, Bode A, Dong Z, Liu J, Cao Y. Grifolin directly targets ERK1/2 to epigenetically suppress cancer cell metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42704-16. [PMID: 26516701 PMCID: PMC4767464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifolin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom Albatrellus confluens, has been reported by us and others to display potent antitumor effects. However, the molecular target of grifolin has not been identified and the underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we report that the ERK1/2 protein kinases are direct molecular targets of grifolin. Molecular modeling, affinity chromatography and fluorescence quenching analyses showed that grifolin directly binds to ERK1/2. And in vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data further demonstrated that grifolin inhibited the kinase activities of ERK1/2. We found that grifolin suppressed adhesion, migration and invasion of high-metastatic cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of grifolin against tumor metastasis was further confirmed in a metastatic mouse model. We found that grifolin decreased phosphorylation of Elk1 at Ser383, and the protein as well as the mRNA level of DNMT1 was also down-regulated. By luciferase reporter and ChIP assay analyses, we confirmed that grifolin inhibited the transcription activity of Elk1 as well as its binding to the dnmt1 promoter region. Moreover, we report that significant increases in the mRNA levels of Timp2 and pten were induced by grifolin. Thus, our data suggest that grifolin exerts its anti-tumor activity by epigenetic reactivation of metastasis inhibitory-related genes through ERK1/2-Elk1-DNMT1 signaling. Grifolin may represent a promising therapeutic lead compound for intervention of cancer metastasis, and it may also be useful as an ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor as well as an epigenetic agent to further our understanding of DNMT1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Dong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Juanfang Zhong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Namei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Hongde Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xinxian Weng
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wei Yi
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Jikai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, PR China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
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47
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Borbely G, Haldosen LA, Dahlman-Wright K, Zhao C. Induction of USP17 by combining BET and HDAC inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33623-35. [PMID: 26378038 PMCID: PMC4741790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the bromodomain and extra-C terminal (BET) domain protein family and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme family regulate the expression of important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Here we show that the BET inhibitor JQ1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of both triple negative and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Consistent with the critical role of histone acetylation in the regulation of gene expression, treatment with JQ1 or the HDAC inhibitor mocetinostat was associated with global changes in gene expression resulting in suppression of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation. Combining JQ1 with mocetinostat, further decreased cell viability. This synergistic effect was associated with increased suppression of genes essential for cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, we detected dramatic increase in the expression of several members of the ubiquitin–specific protease 17 (USP17) family of deubiquitinating enzymes in response to the combination treatment. Increased expression of USP17 enzymes were able to attenuate the Ras/MAPK pathway causing decrease in cell viability, while, siRNA mediated depletion of USP17 significantly decreased cytotoxicity after the combination treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that co-treatment with BET inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors reduces breast cancer cell viability through induction of USP17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Borbely
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden.,Current address: Swetox & Karolinska Institutet, Unit for Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lars-Arne Haldosen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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48
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, Wärri A, Bouker KB, Zhang X, Cook KL, Jin L, Zwart A, Nguyen N, Hu R, Cruz MI, de Assis S, Wang X, Xuan J, Wang Y, Wehrenberg B, Clarke R. Effects of In Utero Exposure to Ethinyl Estradiol on Tamoxifen Resistance and Breast Cancer Recurrence in a Preclinical Model. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2905688. [PMID: 27609189 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Responses to endocrine therapies vary among patients with estrogen receptor (ER+) breast cancer. We studied whether in utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds might explain these variations. Methods We describe a novel ER+ breast cancer model to study de novo and acquired tamoxifen (TAM) resistance. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0 or 0.1 ppm ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and the response of 9,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors to 15 mg/kg TAM, with (n = 17 tumors in the controls and n = 20 tumors in EE2 offspring) or without 1.2 g/kg valproic acid and 5 mg/kg hydralazine (n = 24 tumors in the controls and n = 32 tumors in EE2 offspring) in the female offspring, was assessed. One-sided Chi2 tests were used to calculate P values. Comparisons of differentially expressed genes between mammary tumors in in utero EE2-exposed and control rats, and between anti-estrogen-resistant LCC9 and -sensitive LCC1 human breast cancer cells, were also performed. Results In our preclinical model, 54.2% of mammary tumors in the control rats exhibited a complete response to TAM, of which 23.1% acquired resistance with continued anti-estrogen treatment and recurred. Mammary tumors in the EE2 offspring were statistically significantly less likely to respond to TAM (P = .047) and recur (P = .007). In the EE2 offspring, but not in controls, adding valproic acid and hydralazine to TAM prevented recurrence (P < .001). Three downregulated and hypermethylated genes (KLF4, LGALS3, MICB) and one upregulated gene (ETV4) were identified in EE2 tumors and LCC9 breast cancer cells, and valproic acid and hydralazine normalized the altered expression of all four genes. Conclusions Resistance to TAM may be preprogrammed by in utero exposure to high estrogen levels and mediated through reversible epigenetic alterations in genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anni Wärri
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku Medical Faculty, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerrie B Bouker
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Alan Zwart
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Sonia de Assis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA
| | - Jason Xuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA
| | | | - Robert Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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49
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Bansal N, Petrie K, Christova R, Chung CY, Leibovitch BA, Howell L, Gil V, Sbirkov Y, Lee E, Wexler J, Ariztia EV, Sharma R, Zhu J, Bernstein E, Zhou MM, Zelent A, Farias E, Waxman S. Targeting the SIN3A-PF1 interaction inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition and maintenance of a stem cell phenotype in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34087-105. [PMID: 26460951 PMCID: PMC4741438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a poorly differentiated phenotype and limited treatment options. Aberrant epigenetics in this subtype represent a potential therapeutic opportunity, but a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the TNBC pathogenesis is required. The SIN3 molecular scaffold performs a critical role in multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic regulation, and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Using a competitive peptide corresponding to the SIN3 interaction domain of MAD (Tat-SID), we investigated the functional consequences of selectively blocking the paired amphipathic α-helix (PAH2) domain of SIN3. Here, we report the identification of the SID-containing adaptor PF1 as a factor required for maintenance of the TNBC stem cell phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tat-SID peptide blocked the interaction between SIN3A and PF1, leading to epigenetic modulation and transcriptional downregulation of TNBC stem cell and EMT markers. Importantly, Tat-SID treatment also led to a reduction in primary tumor growth and disseminated metastatic disease in vivo. In support of these findings, knockdown of PF1 expression phenocopied treatment with Tat-SID both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate a critical role for a complex containing SIN3A and PF1 in TNBC and provide a rational for its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bansal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Rossitza Christova
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris A Leibovitch
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Howell
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Gil
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - EunJee Lee
- Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna Wexler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgardo V Ariztia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajal Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Farias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Waxman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Harman RM, Curtis TM, Argyle DJ, Coonrod SA, Van de Walle GR. A Comparative Study on the In Vitro Effects of the DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) in Breast/Mammary Cancer of Different Mammalian Species. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2016; 21:51-66. [PMID: 27002722 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-016-9350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine models are indispensible for the study of human breast cancer, but they have limitations: tumors arising spontaneously in humans must be induced in mice, and long-term follow up is limited by the short life span of rodents. In contrast, dogs and cats develop mammary tumors spontaneously and are relatively long-lived. This study examines the effects of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) on normal and tumoral mammary cell lines derived from dogs, cats and humans, as proof of concept that small companion animals are useful models of human breast cancer. Our findings show that treatment with 5-AzaC reduces in vitro tumorigenicity in all three species based on growth and invasion assays, mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that the effects of 5-AzaC on gene expression varied not only between the different species but also between different tumoral cell lines within the same species, and confirmed the correlation between loss of methylation in a specific gene promotor region and increased expression of the associated gene using bisulfite sequencing. In addition, treatment with a high dose of 5-AzaC was toxic to tumoral, but not healthy, mammary cell lines from all species, indicating this drug has therapeutic potential. Importantly, we confirmed these results in primary malignant cells isolated from canine and feline adenocarcinomas. The similarities observed between the three species suggest dogs and cats can be useful models for the study of human breast cancer and the pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Azacitidine/adverse effects
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cats
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Modification Methylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism
- Dogs
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Proof of Concept Study
- Species Specificity
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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