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Corbière M, Charette-Dussault É, Larivière N. Recognition During the Return-to-Work Process in Workers with Common Mental Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:486-505. [PMID: 36462069 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Considering worker's perspective, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to document the meaning of the experience of recognition in the return to work (RTW) process of work after a sick leave due to a common mental disorder (CMD) and (2) to investigate the phenomenon of recognition for workers in the process of RTW after a sick leave due to a CMD, by evaluating the presence or absence of marks of recognition from salient RTW stakeholders stemming from different systems. Methods The Relational Caring Inquiry phenomenological method was used to explore the meaning of recognition during the return-to-work process and marks of recognition in a group of 20 workers who returned to their employment after a sick leave due to a CMD. In depth individual interviews were conducted with each participant. Results The definition of recognition that emerged from workers experiencing the RTW process is related to the behaviours and attitudes of various stakeholders, stemming from the work, health, insurance and social systems that allow them to feel appreciated, valued and respected, throughout the RTW process. Recognition was most often described as showing support, trust, respect for recovery and pace, and providing positive feedback. Conclusion The findings from this study could serve as guidelines in organizations regarding the RTW process, and in particular clarifying the roles and actions that different stakeholders could take in the workplace to stimulate expressions of meaningful recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Corbière
- Department of Education and Pedagogy - Career Counseling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Élyse Charette-Dussault
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Larivière
- Research Center of the Institut, Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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2
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Zegers AD, van Andel ES, Beerda DCE, Dona DJS, Aukema EJ, Brom L, Duijts SFA. Work resumption and retention in patients with advanced cancer: Experiences and perspectives of general and occupational health care professionals. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13714. [PMID: 36164925 PMCID: PMC9787025 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences and perspectives of general and occupational health care professionals regarding work resumption and work retention of patients with advanced cancer, and to identify barriers and facilitators these professionals may encounter. METHODS A qualitative design was applied, and individual semistructured interviews were conducted. General and occupational health care professionals were eligible to participate if they were involved in the work participation guidance of patients with advanced cancer, and were recruited through the network of the research team. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically via ATLAS.ti 9. RESULTS Interviewees (N = 17) had various occupational backgrounds, for example, occupational physician, reintegration consultant, and general practitioner. Four main themes emerged from the data: (1) Assumptions and hesitations, (2) Patient initiates stakeholder communication, (3) Role dispersion: who is in charge of what? and (4) Experience with legislation creates opportunities. CONCLUSION Whereas most interviewees had positive experiences with, and/or optimistic expectations of, the work resumption and work retention of patients with advanced cancer, several barriers to the work participation guidance of these patients were identified. Suggestions for improvement include creating widespread awareness of the possibility of work participation of patients with advanced cancer and developing reintegration guidelines for advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D. Zegers
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam UMC location Free UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Societal Participation and HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emma S. van Andel
- Department of Research & DevelopmentNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Donna C. E. Beerda
- Department of Research & DevelopmentNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL)UtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Desiree J. S. Dona
- Department of Human ResourcesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Eline J. Aukema
- Center for Psycho‐OncologyIngeborg Douwes CentrumAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Linda Brom
- Department of Research & DevelopmentNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL)UtrechtThe Netherlands,Netherlands Association for Palliative Care (PZNL)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia F. A. Duijts
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam UMC location Free UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Societal Participation and HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Research & DevelopmentNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL)UtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of Medical Psychology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC location Free UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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Viseux M, Tamminga SJ, Greidanus MA, Porro B, Roquelaure Y, Bourdon M. Enhancing Emotional Skills of Managers to Support the Return to Work of Cancer Survivors: A Research Opinion Focusing on Value, Feasibility and Challenges. Front Psychol 2022; 13:910779. [PMID: 35903738 PMCID: PMC9319043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Viseux
- UMR INSERM 1246 SPHERE “Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch”, Nantes University, University of Tours, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Marie Viseux
| | - Sietske J. Tamminga
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation and Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel A. Greidanus
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation and Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Porro
- University of Angers, University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- UMR Inserm S 1085, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) – University of Angers, CHU Angers, University of Rennes, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Marianne Bourdon
- UMR INSERM 1246 SPHERE “Methods in Patient-Centered Outcomes and HEalth ResEarch”, Nantes University, University of Tours, Nantes, France
- Integrated Center for Oncology, Nantes, France
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4
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Understanding Cancer Survivors’ Needs and Experiences Returning to Work Post-Treatment: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3013-3025. [PMID: 35621635 PMCID: PMC9139703 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to understand Canadian cancer survivors’ experiences during the return-to-work (RTW) process. Methods: A prospective qualitative longitudinal design was employed using the principles of phenomenological inquiry. Cancer survivors took part in three in-depth interviews: at the end of treatment, and 3 and 9 months after the first interview. Transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, guided by the Cancer and Work model. Results: A total of 38 in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants. The resultant themes were: (1) supports received or desired to enable RTW; (2) others’ limited understanding of the long-term impacts of a cancer diagnosis and its treatment; (3) worries and self-doubts about returning to work; and (4) changing perspectives on life and work after cancer. Conclusions: Cancer patients returning to work after treatment often experience challenges throughout the process, including varying levels of support from others and a range of ongoing effects and motivation to RTW. There is a clear gap in terms of the professional supports available to these individuals. Future research should focus on investigating how to improve both quality and accessibility of supports in a way that is personalized to the individual.
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Greidanus MA, de Rijk AE, de Boer AGEM, Bos MEMM, Plaisier PW, Smeenk RM, Frings-Dresen MHW, Tamminga SJ. A randomised feasibility trial of an employer-based intervention for enhancing successful return to work of cancer survivors (MiLES intervention). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1433. [PMID: 34289828 PMCID: PMC8293550 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employers express a need for support during sickness absence and return to work (RTW) of cancer survivors. Therefore, a web-based intervention (MiLES) targeted at employers with the objective of enhancing cancer survivors' successful RTW has been developed. This study aimed to assess feasibility of a future definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the effectiveness of the MiLES intervention. Also preliminary results on the effectiveness of the MiLES intervention were obtained. METHODS A randomised feasibility trial of 6 months was undertaken with cancer survivors aged 18-63 years, diagnosed with cancer < 2 years earlier, currently in paid employment, and sick-listed < 1 year. Participants were randomised to an intervention group, with their employer receiving the MiLES intervention, or to a waiting-list control group (2:1). Feasibility of a future definitive RCT was determined on the basis of predefined criteria related to method and protocol-related uncertainties (e.g. reach, retention, appropriateness). The primary effect measure (i.e. successful RTW) and secondary effect measures (e.g. quality of working life) were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months thereafter. RESULTS Thirty-five cancer survivors were included via medical specialists (4% of the initially invited group) and open invitations, and thereafter randomised to the intervention (n = 24) or control group (n = 11). Most participants were female (97%) with breast cancer (80%) and a permanent employment contract (94%). All predefined criteria for feasibility of a future definitive RCT were achieved, except that concerning the study's reach (90 participants). After 6 months, 92% of the intervention group and 100% of the control group returned to work (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.81-1.03); no difference were found with regard to secondary effect measures. CONCLUSIONS With the current design a future definitive RCT on the effectiveness of the MiLES intervention on successful RTW of cancer survivors is not feasible, since recruitment of survivors fell short of the predefined minimum for feasibility. There was selection bias towards survivors at low risk of adverse work outcomes, which reduced generalisability of the outcomes. An alternative study design is needed to study effectiveness of the MiLES intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered in the Dutch Trial Register ( NL6758/NTR7627 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Greidanus
- Department Public and Occupational Health/ Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A E de Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A G E M de Boer
- Department Public and Occupational Health/ Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E M M Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Plaisier
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Albert Schweitzerplaats 25, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R M Smeenk
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Albert Schweitzerplaats 25, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M H W Frings-Dresen
- Department Public and Occupational Health/ Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J Tamminga
- Department Public and Occupational Health/ Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boelhouwer IG, Vermeer W, van Vuuren T. Late effects of cancer (treatment) and work ability: guidance by managers and professionals. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1255. [PMID: 34187437 PMCID: PMC8240423 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of the group of workers that had a cancer diagnosis in the past is growing. These workers may still be confronted with late effects of cancer (treatment) possibly affecting their work ability. As little is known about the guidance of this group, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences and ideas of managers and professionals about the guidance of these workers in the case of late effects of cancer (treatment). Given the positive associations with work ability of the job resources autonomy, social support by colleagues and an open organisational culture found in several quantitative studies, these job resources were also discussed. Further ideas about the influences of other factors and points of attention in the guidance of this group of workers were explored. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers (n = 11) and professionals (n = 47). Data-collection was from November 2019 to June 2020. The data were coded and analysed using directed content analyses. RESULTS The late effects of cancer or cancer treatment discussed were physical problems, fatigue, cognitive problems, anxiety for cancer recurrence, and a different view of life. The self-employed have less options for guidance but may struggle with late effects affecting work ability in the same way as the salaried. Late effects may affect work ability and various approaches have been described. Autonomy, social support of colleagues and an open organisational culture were regarded as beneficial. It was indicated that interventions need to be tailor-made and created in dialogue with the worker. CONCLUSIONS Especially with respect to cognitive problems and fatigue, guidance sometimes turned out to be complicated. In general, the importance of psychological safety to be open about late effects that affect work ability was emphasized. Moreover, it is important to take the perspective of the worker as the starting point and explore the possibilities together with the worker. Autonomy is an important factor in general, and a factor that must always be monitored when adjustments in work are considered. There is a lot of experience, but there are still gaps in knowledge and opportunities for more knowledge sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid G Boelhouwer
- Department of Applied Psychology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibauthuis/Wibautstraat 3b, 1091 GH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willemijn Vermeer
- Department of Applied Psychology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibauthuis/Wibautstraat 3b, 1091 GH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tinka van Vuuren
- Faculty of Management, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands / Loyalis Knowledge & Consult, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Tiedtke C, De Rijk A, Van den Broeck A, Godderis L. Employers' Experience on Involvement in Sickness Absence/Return to Work Support for Employees with Cancer in Small Enterprises. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020; 30:635-645. [PMID: 32246294 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Return to work (RTW) is important for employees who have survived cancer, yet it is challenging for employers. Small enterprises (< 100 employees) might have limited resources to facilitate RTW of cancer survivors. The purpose of this article is to examine how such employers engage in the support of RTW and to uncover their needs. METHODS Eleven owners and one HR manager representing 12 small enterprises (various sectors) were interviewed regarding their experience with RTW of employees surviving cancer. We conducted a thematic analysis with aspects of Grounded Theory. RESULTS The characteristics of being a small enterprise (i.e. informal practical arrangements, working as a family, working with limited resources and people) related to four concerns experienced by these employers (concerns about the employer's enterprise; the employee's cancer and recovery; RTW and work adjustments; and about communication). In line with these concerns, employers need information on rights and obligations, RTW arrangements and communication skills during RTW guidance. CONCLUSIONS In small enterprises, employers have generally close relationships with their employees, which means that support is gladly provided when employees are diagnosed with cancer. They do however have limited financial means to facilitate RTW and workplace adjustments. They therefore perceive long-term sickness and RTW as a major financial risk for the company.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tiedtke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care: Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 5th floor (Blok d, bus 7001), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A De Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Van den Broeck
- Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Warmoesberg 26, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- North West-University, Optentia, Vanderbijlpark Optentia Research Focus Area, P.O. Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - L Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care: Centre for Environment & Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 5th floor (Blok d, bus 7001), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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de Rijk A, Amir Z, Cohen M, Furlan T, Godderis L, Knezevic B, Miglioretti M, Munir F, Popa AE, Sedlakova M, Torp S, Yagil D, Tamminga S, de Boer A. The challenge of return to work in workers with cancer: employer priorities despite variation in social policies related to work and health. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 14:188-199. [PMID: 31758518 PMCID: PMC7182537 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored employer's perspectives on (1) their experience of good practice related to workers diagnosed with cancer and their return to work (RTW), and (2) their perceived needs necessary to achieve good practice as reported by employers from nine separate countries. METHODS Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were held in eight European countries and Israel with two to three employers typically including HR managers or line managers from both profit and non-profit organisations of different sizes and sectors. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A grounded theory/thematic analysis approach was completed. RESULTS Employers' experience with RTW assistance for workers with cancer appears to be a dynamic process. Results indicate that good practice includes six phases: (1) reacting to disclosure, (2) collecting information, (3) decision-making related to initial actions, (4) remaining in touch, (5) decision-making on RTW, and (6) follow-up. The exact details of the process are shaped by country, employer type, and worker characteristics; however, there was consistency related to the need for (1) structured procedures, (2) collaboration, (3) communication skills training, (4) information on cancer, and (5) financial resources for realizing RTW support measures. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding variations at country, employer, and worker levels, the employers from all nine countries reported that good practice regarding RTW assistance in workers with a history of cancer consists of the six phases above. Employers indicate that they would benefit from shared collaboration and resources that support good practice for this human resource matter. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Further research and development based on the six phases of employer support as a framework for a tool or strategy to support workers with a history of cancer across countries and organisations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique de Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ziv Amir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bojana Knezevic
- Department of Quality Improvement in Health Care, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Adela Elena Popa
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Maria Sedlakova
- Central European Labour Studies Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Steffen Torp
- Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University College of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - Dana Yagil
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sietske Tamminga
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela de Boer
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sheppard DM, Frost D, Jefford M, O'Connor M, Halkett G. 'Beyond Cancer': a study protocol of a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors to return work. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032505. [PMID: 31843840 PMCID: PMC6924857 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With more women working and surviving breast cancer, issues concerning sustainable employment must be addressed. Support to transition back to work is a gap in survivorship care. This paper describes the feasibility trial protocol for 'Beyond Cancer', a multimodal occupational rehabilitation programme to support breast cancer survivors' return to work. Breast cancer survivors are hypothesised to show improved work status, work capacity and perceived support at work at 6 months postintervention relative to baseline and a historical usual care group. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The prospective feasibility design allows determination of change in primary (work status) as well as secondary outcome measures work capacity and perceived support at work. PARTICIPANTS breast cancer survivors of working age, unable to work in their prediagnosis capacity for >3 months, their employers and a historical usual care group. Key intervention elements: an evidence-based biopsychosocial assessment and health coaching programme, employer education and support, and return to work (RTW) planning and monitoring. Health coaching empowers survivors to return to social function, including work. Employer education and support facilitates communication and improves workplace support. For employers, we predict change in confidence in effectively supporting employees' RTW. Multilevel regression modelling will provide indications of efficacy for primary and secondary outcomes, and thematic analysis will examine perceived efficacy and acceptability. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been granted by Monash and Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committees (HREC: 13300, HRE2019-0280, respectively). The evaluation of this innovative programme will provide the foundation for an Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and national roll-out, thus improving the quality of life of those who have been directly affected by breast cancer across Australia. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at relevant conferences and disseminated to survivorship-focused organisations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registered trial with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (ACTRN12618001985279); Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy Frost
- Research and Innovation, MedHealth Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Jefford
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre, a Richard Pratt legacy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia Halkett
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Alleaume C, Bendiane MK, Peretti-Watel P, Bouhnik AD. Inequality in income change among cancer survivors five years after diagnosis: Evidence from a French national survey. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222832. [PMID: 31581224 PMCID: PMC6776327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, around 18 million people receive a cancer diagnosis each year, most of whom survive long enough to face additional cancer-related costs. In France, most costs directly related to cancer are covered by the National Health Insurance Fund, and cancer patients can receive treatments without paying advance fees. In this context, the costs faced by cancer survivors are mostly social costs. Drawing on fundamental cause theory, this study aimed to explore the socially-differentiated evolution of cancer survivor’s income five years after diagnosis. Our study draws on the findings of VICAN5, a French national survey that was conducted in 2015/2016 in a representative sample of 4,174 cancer survivors to obtain information on living conditions five years after diagnosis, and that was restricted to 12 tumour sites accounting for 88% of global cancer incidence in France. We used the multiple imputation method and the Heckman selection model to identify the factors associated with a decrease in household income per consumption unit (HICU), while accounting for missing data. Among survivors still working five years after diagnosis, 17.6% reported lower income at survey than at diagnosis. After adjustment for socio-demographic and medical characteristics, the decrease in HICU was more frequent in women, singles, low educated survivors, and survivors with reduced working time. Finally, subjective measures of income variation and economic well-being were a useful complement to objective measures since 31.6% of cancer survivors still working five years after diagnosis reported a perceived decrease in household income. In conclusion, inequalities in economic well-being persist long after diagnosis in France, and this despite the fact that most cancer-related costs are covered by the French National Health Insurance Fund. Consequently, more attention should be paid to cancer patients with low socio-economic status to help reduce inequalities in post-diagnosis living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alleaume
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Peretti-Watel
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Yagil D, Goldblatt H, Cohen M. Dyadic resources in the return to work of cancer survivors: exploring supervisor-employee perspectives. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2151-2158. [PMID: 29631449 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1459885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The number of working-age people recovering from cancer is gradually on the rise; yet, cancer survivors have higher rates of unemployment compared to other employees. Cancer survivors returning to work cope with symptoms of fatigue, distress, cognitive difficulties and physical limitations. The present article addresses the supervisor-cancer survivor dyad as the unit of analysis, in an attempt to identify the dyadic resources that underlie the coping of the supervisor-employee unit with return to work. Materials and methods: In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 12 dyads of cancer survivors and their supervisors, representing successful return to work, followed by comparative content analysis of the data. Results: Four themes were revealed: (1) Congruent supervisor-cancer survivor views regarding personalized/standard management of cancer survivors' returning to work; (2) Return to work as a team work approach; (3) Commitment and persistence in the face of obstacles, and (4) Supervisor and cancer survivor mutual appreciation. Conclusions: Joint coping of supervisors and cancer survivors with the difficulties of the return to work process is perceived to contribute significantly to the success of return to work. Training of cancer survivors and supervisors conducted by rehabilitation professionals regarding aspects of the orientation toward return to work is suggested. Implication for rehabilitation Cancer survivors have different preferences regarding standard versus exceptional organizational treatment following return to work. Organizational acknowledgment of the cancer survivor's value for the organizations supports cancer survivors' return to work. Cancer survivors can benefit from a sense of responsibility and involvement in decision making regarding the process of return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yagil
- a Department of Human Services , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | | | - Miri Cohen
- c School of Social Work , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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12
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Employer’s management of employees affected by cancer. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:681-684. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Ladegaard Y, Skakon J, Elrond AF, Netterstrøm B. How do line managers experience and handle the return to work of employees on sick leave due to work-related stress? A one-year follow-up study. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:44-52. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1370733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ladegaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne Skakon
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Friis Elrond
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research and Knowledge Centre, The Danish Veteran Centre, Ringsted, Denmark
| | - Bo Netterstrøm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tiedtke CM, Dierckx de Casterlé B, Frings-Dresen MHW, De Boer AGEM, Greidanus MA, Tamminga SJ, De Rijk AE. Employers' experience of employees with cancer: trajectories of complex communication. J Cancer Surviv 2017; 11:562-577. [PMID: 28710544 PMCID: PMC5602070 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-017-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Remaining in paid work is of great importance for cancer survivors, and employers play a crucial role in achieving this. Return to work (RTW) is best seen as a process. This study aims to provide insight into (1) Dutch employers’ experiences with RTW of employees with cancer and (2) the employers’ needs for support regarding this process. Methods Thirty employer representatives of medium and large for-profit and non-profit organizations were interviewed to investigate their experiences and needs in relation to employees with cancer. A Grounded Theory approach was used. Results We revealed a trajectory of complex communication and decision-making during different stages, from the moment the employee disclosed that they had been diagnosed to the period after RTW, permanent disability, or the employee’s passing away. Employers found this process demanding due to various dilemmas. Dealing with an unfavorable diagnosis and balancing both the employer’s and the employee’s interests were found to be challenging. Two types of approach to support RTW of employees with cancer were distinguished: (1) a business-oriented approach and (2) a care-oriented approach. Differences in approach were related to differences in organizational structure and employer and employee characteristics. Employers expressed a need for communication skills, information, and decision-making skills to support employees with cancer. Conclusions The employers interviewed stated that dealing with an employee with cancer is demanding and that the extensive Dutch legislation on RTW did not offer all the support needed. We recommend providing them with easily accessible information on communication and leadership training to better support employees with cancer. Implications for cancer survivors • Supporting employers by training communication and decision-making skills and providing information on cancer will contribute to improving RTW support for employees with cancer. • Knowing that the employer will usually be empathic when an employee reveals that they have been diagnosed with cancer, and that the employer also experiences difficulties and dilemmas, might lower the threshold to discuss wishes regarding disclosure, communication, and work issues. • The interests of employer and employee in relation to RTW are interrelated; both have responsibility and a role to play, and are in need of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tiedtke
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - B Dierckx de Casterlé
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M H W Frings-Dresen
- Academic Medical Center, Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G E M De Boer
- Academic Medical Center, Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Greidanus
- Academic Medical Center, Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J Tamminga
- Academic Medical Center, Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A E De Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Donker-Cools BHPM, Schouten MJE, Wind H, Frings-Dresen MHW. Return to work following acquired brain injury: the views of patients and employers. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 40:185-191. [PMID: 27830952 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate which factors are experienced as facilitators of or barriers to return to work (RTW), or as solutions to RTW-problems, by patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and by employers. DESIGN Qualitative study. METHOD Ten patients with ABI and seven employers participated in semi-structured interviews. Patients and employers were unrelated. Transcripts were open coded. Factors perceived to be facilitators, barriers, or solutions to RTW-problems were grouped on a thematic basis. RESULTS Both patients and employers distinguished patient-related and work-related facilitators. When questioned about barriers, both patients and employers emphasized the importance of work-related factors such as sensory overload at the workplace and condition-related factors such as fatigue. Patients regarded poor guidance and support as barriers, but employers did not. Employers and patients suggested that solutions to RTW-problems were work-related, if necessary backed up by professional supervision. Patients also mentioned the need for understanding and acceptance of the limitations resulting from ABI. CONCLUSIONS Both patients and employers mentioned work-related and patient-related facilitators, work-related and condition-related barriers, and work-related solutions to RTW-problems. Patients mentioned lack of guidance and support as barriers, and stressed the need for understanding and acceptance of the limitations resulting from ABI in any RTW-solution. Implications for rehabilitation •Patients and employers are important stakeholders in the return to work (RTW) process of a patient with acquired brain injury (ABI) •Professionals in rehabilitation practice, occupational and insurance physicians need to help patients and employers to realize RTW •Professionals have to be aware of the perspectives of patients and employers regarding RTW, such as: ^Little understanding of limitations resulting from ABI ^Work-related aspects hindering RTW, such as sensory overload and high work pressure ^Condition-related barriers to RTW such as (invisible) cognitive limitations and fatigue ^Need for professional assistance during the RTW process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit H P M Donker-Cools
- a Academic Medical Center, Department: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , T he Netherlands.,b Research Center for Insurance Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maria J E Schouten
- a Academic Medical Center, Department: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , T he Netherlands.,b Research Center for Insurance Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Haije Wind
- a Academic Medical Center, Department: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , T he Netherlands.,b Research Center for Insurance Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Monique H W Frings-Dresen
- a Academic Medical Center, Department: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , T he Netherlands.,b Research Center for Insurance Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Tamminga SJ, van Hezel S, de Boer AG, Frings-Dresen MH. Enhancing the Return to Work of Cancer Survivors: Development and Feasibility of the Nurse-Led eHealth Intervention Cancer@Work. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e118. [PMID: 27286819 PMCID: PMC4920959 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is important to enhance the return to work of cancer survivors with an appropriate intervention, as cancer survivors experience problems upon their return to work but consider it an essential part of their recovery. Objective The objective of our study was to develop an eHealth intervention to enhance the return to work of cancer survivors and to test the feasibility of the eHealth intervention with end users. Methods To develop the intervention we 1) searched the literature, 2) interviewed 7 eHealth experts, 3) interviewed 7 cancer survivors, 2 employers, and 7 occupational physicians, and 4) consulted experts. To test feasibility, we enrolled 39 cancer survivors, 9 supervisors, 7 occupational physicians, 9 general physicians and 2 social workers and gave them access to the eHealth intervention. We also interviewed participants, asked them to fill in a questionnaire, or both, to test which functionalities of the eHealth intervention were appropriate and which aspects needed improvement. Results Cancer survivors particularly want information and support regarding the possibility of returning to work, and on financial and legal aspects of their situation. Furthermore, the use of blended care and the personalization of the eHealth intervention were preferred features for increasing compliance. The first version of the eHealth intervention consisted of access to a personal and secure website containing various functionalities for cancer survivors blended with support from their specialized nurse, and a public website for employers, occupational physicians, and general physicians. The eHealth intervention appeared feasible. We adapted it slightly by adding more information on different cancer types and their possible effects on return to work. Conclusions A multistakeholder and mixed-method design appeared useful in the development of the eHealth intervention. It was challenging to meet all end user requirements due to legal and privacy constraints. The eHealth intervention appeared feasible, although implementation in daily practice needs to be subject of further research. ClinicalTrial Dutch Trial Register number (NTR): 5190; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5190 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hm4WQJqC)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske J Tamminga
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Vossen E, Van Gestel N, Van der Heijden BIJM, Rouwette EAJA. "Dis-able bodied" or "dis-able minded": stakeholders' return-to-work experiences compared between physical and mental health conditions. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:969-977. [PMID: 27211573 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1172675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore if and why the return-to-work (RTW) experiences of various workplace stakeholders in the Netherlands and Denmark differ between physical and mental health conditions, and to understand the consequences of potentially different experiences for the RTW process in both health conditions. METHODS We studied 21 cases of long-term sickness absence, and held a total of 61 semi-structured interviews with the various actors involved in these cases. RESULTS Physical cases were seen as "easy" and mental cases as "difficult" to manage, based on the visibility and predictability of health complaints. On this ground, assessing work ability and following required RTW actions were perceived as more urgent in mental than in physical cases. Despite these perceptions, in practice, the assessment of work ability seemed to impair the RTW process in mental cases (but not in physical ones), and the (non-)uptake of RTW actions appeared to have similar results in both mental and physical cases. CONCLUSIONS With these outcomes, the effectiveness of a differential approach is questioned, and the relevance of a bidirectional dialog on work ability and a phased RTW plan is highlighted, regardless of the absence cause. Our study also demonstrates how policymakers need to strike a balance between obligatory and permissive legislation to better involve workplaces in RTW issues. Implications for rehabilitation Both physically and mentally sick-listed employees could benefit from a bidirectional dialog on work ability as well as from a phased RTW plan. A greater role for employers in the RTW process should be accompanied with a support for sick-listed employees, in both physical and mental sickness absence cases. Dutch and Danish RTW legislation could be improved by carefully balancing obligatory and permissive rules and regulations to involve workplaces in RTW matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmie Vossen
- a Institute for Management Research , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Van Gestel
- b TIAS School for Business & Society , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice I J M Van der Heijden
- a Institute for Management Research , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Open University of The Netherlands , School of Management , Heerlen , The Netherlands
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Dewa CS, Trojanowski L, Tamminga SJ, Ringash J, McQuestion M, Hoch JS. Advice about Work-Related Issues to Peers and Employers from Head and Neck Cancer Survivors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152944. [PMID: 27070654 PMCID: PMC4829226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive study is to contribute to the sparse return-to-work literature on head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Interview participants were asked to reflect upon their work-related experience with cancer by answering two specific questions: (1) What advice would you give someone who has been newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer? (2) What advice would you give to employers of these people? METHODS Data were gathered through 10 individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with HNC clinic patients at a regional cancer center's head and neck clinic in Ontario, Canada. A constant comparative method of theme development was used. Codes identified in and derived from the data were discussed by research team members until consensus was reached. Codes with similar characteristics were grouped together and used to develop overarching themes. RESULTS Work-related advice for peers focused on personal self-care and interactions within workplaces. Work-related advice to employers focused on demonstrating basic human values as well as the importance of communication. DISCUSSION The study results suggest HNC clinic patients should be proactive with employers and help to set reasonable expectations and provide a realistic plan for work to be successfully completed. HNC clinic patients should develop communication skills to effectively disclose their cancer and treatment to employers. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, HNC clinic patients' advice was solution-focused underscoring the importance of self-care and pro-active communication and planning with employers. Employers were advised to demonstrate core human values throughout all phases of the work disability episode beginning at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Dewa
- Centre for Research on Employment and Workplace Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy Trojanowski
- Centre for Research on Employment and Workplace Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sietske J Tamminga
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolie Ringash
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maurene McQuestion
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Hoch
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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