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Moreira-Silva I, Seixas A, Ventura N, Cardoso R, Azevedo J. Musculoskeletal symptoms among workers of the pulp and paper industry: the contribution of age, gender, body mass index and physical activity level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39072395 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2373529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers of the pulp and paper industry, and assess the contribution of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA). Methods. The sample comprised 904 workers. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. χ2 tests assessed the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and age/gender/BMI/PA, and multivariate logistic regression models predicted the 12-month occurrence of symptoms in the five most prevalent regions. Results. The five most affected body regions were the lower back, shoulders, neck, knees and wrists/hands. Older workers presented more symptoms in all body regions, except dorsal; female gender was associated with neck symptoms (p = 0.001); overweight was associated with a higher prevalence of lower back (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.017) and ankle/foot (p = 0.037) symptoms; and a moderate PA level was associated with thigh/hip symptoms (p = 0.006). Age was a significant predictor in all five most affected regions; gender was a significant predictor for shoulders, neck and wrists/hands; and BMI was a significant predictor for lower back symptoms. Conclusion. The 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers of the pulp and paper industry is higher in the lower back, shoulders, neck, knees and wrists/hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreira-Silva
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Adérito Seixas
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ventura
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cardoso
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
- Transdisciplinary Center of Consciousness Studies of Fernando Pessoa University, Portugal
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da Luz EMF, Munhoz OL, Greco PBT, dos Santos JLG, Camponogara S, Magnago TSBDS. Ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal pain in hospital cleaning workers: Convergent Care Research with mixed methods. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2024; 32:e4176. [PMID: 38922262 PMCID: PMC11182602 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.7048.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze exposure to ergonomic risks and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in workers in the Hospital Cleaning Service. METHOD Convergent Care Research, with data production designed using mixed methods, implemented with 149 hospital cleaning workers. The methodological strategy of the convergent parallel project was employed, using observation, photographic records, questionnaires and convergence groups. The results were integrated through joint display. Data analysis with descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis. RESULTS the mixing of data highlighted the multifactorial nature of exposure to ergonomic risks (uncomfortable work postures; repetitive movements; prolonged orthostatism; use of equipment not adapted to the psychophysiological needs of workers) and musculoskeletal pain in the population investigated. The latter was prevalent in the lumbar spine, ankles or feet, wrists or hands, thoracic spine and shoulders. The concept of ergonomic risk was expanded and was influenced by the psychosocial aspects of work. CONCLUSION the workers investigated are exposed to modifiable multifactorial ergonomic risks related to musculoskeletal pain. It is possible to promote innovations and teaching-learning actions to minimize them, such as the continuing education program, collectively constructed with recommendations for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oclaris Lopes Munhoz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Enfermagem, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José Luís Guedes dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | - Silviamar Camponogara
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Enfermagem, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | - Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza Magnago
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Enfermagem, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Scholarship holder at the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
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Beltrán SP, Batista GDA, Dos Passos MHP, da Silva HA, Locks F, Cappato de Araújo R. Effects of a workplace-based exercise program on shoulder pain and function in fruit workers: A randomized controlled trial. Work 2024; 77:1143-1151. [PMID: 38007632 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder pain affects millions of workers worldwide and is considered one of the leading causes of absenteeism and presenteeism. Therefore, using exercises in the work environment emerges as a strategy to prevent or reduce shoulder pain. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a workplace-based exercise program on shoulder pain and function in fruit workers. METHODS This was an 8-week parallel two-arm randomized controlled trial. Forty-four fruit workers who reported chronic shoulder pain were randomized to an Experimental Group (EG) or Control Group (CG). The EG was submitted to a program of resistance and stretching exercises for eight weeks, twice a week. The CG received a booklet with muscle stretching and mobility exercises. The primary outcome was shoulder pain intensity; the secondary outcomes were Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and perceived global effect. RESULTS Both groups showed reductions in pain intensity EG: 4.26 (95% CI 2.78-5.74) and CG: 3.74 (95% CI 1.98-5.50) points. The SPADI results showed an average reduction of 17.76 (CI 95% 3.10-32.43) for the EG and 18.39 (CI 95% 3.66-33.13) for the CG. The mean value of the perceived global effect for the CG was 3.45±2.01, and for the EG, the mean was 4.13±1.24. No differences were observed between groups in any outcome analyzed. CONCLUSION Both groups showed significant changes in the analyzed outcomes. However, the workplace-based exercise program was not superior to the exercise booklet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Patricia Beltrán
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Columbia
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Amorim Batista
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Hitalo Andrade da Silva
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Locks
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGRDF), University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGRDF), University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
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Blake H, Chaplin WJ, Wainwright E, Taylor G, McNamee P, McWilliams D, Abbott-Fleming V, Holmes J, Fecowycz A, Walsh DA, Walker-Bone K. The Web-Based Pain-at-Work Toolkit With Telephone Support for Employees With Chronic or Persistent Pain: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Feasibility Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51474. [PMID: 37902814 PMCID: PMC10644198 DOI: 10.2196/51474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic or persistent pain affects one's ability to work or be productive at work, generating high societal and economic burden. However, the provision of work-related advice and support for people with chronic pain is variable or lacking. The Pain-at-Work (PAW) Toolkit was cocreated with people who live with pain, health care professionals, and employers. It aims to increase knowledge about employee rights and how to access support for managing a painful chronic condition in the workplace and provides advice on lifestyle behaviors that facilitate the management of chronic pain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the feasibility of conducting a definitive cluster randomized controlled trial comparing access to the PAW Toolkit and telephone support calls from an occupational therapist (PAW) with treatment as usual (ie, standard support from their employer). Our primary outcomes are establishing parameters of feasibility, acceptability, usability, and safety of this digital workplace health intervention. We will assess the candidate primary and secondary outcomes' feasibility and test research processes for a definitive trial. METHODS This is an open-label, parallel 2-arm pragmatic feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial with exploratory health economics analysis and a nested qualitative interview study. We aim to recruit 120 participants from at least 8 workplace clusters (any type, >10 employees) in England. The recruitment of workplaces occurs via personal approach, and the recruitment of individual participants is web based. Eligible participants are vocationally active adults aged ≥18 years with internet access and self-reporting chronic pain interfering with their ability to undertake or enjoy productive work. A restricted 1:1 cluster-level randomization is used to allocate employment settings to PAW or treatment as usual; participants are unblinded to group allocation. Following site- and individual-level consent, participants complete a web-based baseline survey (time 0), including measures of work capacity, health and well-being, and health care resource use. Follow-up is performed at 3 months (time 1) and 6 months (time 2). Feasibility outcomes relate to recruitment; intervention fidelity (eg, delivery, reach, uptake, and engagement); retention; and follow-up. Qualitative evaluation (time 2) is mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior model and will explore intervention acceptability to employees and employers, along with individual and contextual factors influencing the delivery and uptake of the intervention. RESULTS Ethics approval was obtained in March 2023. Trial recruitment began in June 2023. CONCLUSIONS The PAW Toolkit is the first evidence-based digital health intervention aimed at supporting the self-management of chronic or persistent pain at work. This study will inform the design of a definitive trial, including sample size estimation, approaches to cluster site identification, primary and secondary outcomes' selection, and the final health economic model. Findings will inform approaches for the future delivery of this digital health intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05838677; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05838677. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy J Chaplin
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Wainwright
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Taylor
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McNamee
- Health Economics Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jain Holmes
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Fecowycz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Andrew Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia, United Kingdom
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Trøstrup J, Frost P, Dalbøge A, Mikkelsen LR, Høybye MT, Jørgensen LB, Casper SD, Klebe TM, Svendsen SW. Reducing Shoulder Complaints in Employees with High Occupational Shoulder Exposures: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Study (The Shoulder-Café Study). JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:473-485. [PMID: 36512271 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if a group-based Shoulder-Café intervention could reduce shoulder complaints more effectively than an individual-based control intervention in employees with shoulder complaints and high occupational shoulder exposures. METHODS A cluster-randomised controlled study of 109 participants from 60 companies in Central Denmark Region. Companies were randomised and allocated to either Shoulder-Café or control intervention. Participants in both interventions received a pamphlet on home-based shoulder exercises and a pamphlet with general information on reducing occupational shoulder exposures. They also had their occupational shoulder exposures assessed. Shoulder-Café participants additionally received three café-meetings with casual discussion, clinical shoulder evaluation, education about shoulder anatomy and occupational shoulder exposures, supervised exercises, workplace-oriented counselling, and an optional workplace visit. The primary outcome measure was the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were the OSS at 12 months, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire - Physical Activity at 6 and 12 months, and Patients' Global Impression of Change at 6 months. The study also included seven supplementary outcome measures. RESULTS Both groups improved from baseline to 6 months with respect to the primary outcome (P < 0.01). No group differences were found for the primary outcome (mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval]: 0.3 [- 1.6; 2.2]) or secondary outcomes. The supplementary outcomes "felt informed about handling shoulder complaints" and "felt informed about reducing occupational exposures" at 6 months, and "Patients' Global Impression of Change" and "overall satisfaction" at 12 months favoured the Shoulder-Café intervention. CONCLUSION The Shoulder-Café intervention did not reduce shoulder complaints more effectively than the control intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov on 19 May 2017 (ID: NCT03159910).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trøstrup
- Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - P Frost
- Centre for Social Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Dalbøge
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L R Mikkelsen
- Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M T Høybye
- Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L B Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Knowledge Centre for Neurorehabilitation of Western Denmark, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Hammel, Denmark
| | | | - T M Klebe
- Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1-3, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - S W Svendsen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital - University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
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Sormunen E, Mäenpää-Moilanen E, Ylisassi H, Turunen J, Remes J, Karppinen J, Martimo KP. Participatory Ergonomics Intervention to Prevent Work Disability Among Workers with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Workplace Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:731-742. [PMID: 35384630 PMCID: PMC9668957 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In order to support people with low back pain (LBP) to stay at work, work arrangements are regarded important. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workplace intervention using a participatory approach on work disability of workers with ongoing or recurrent LBP. Methods A total of 107 workers with LBP, with duration of pain for at least two consecutive weeks or recurrent pain of any duration during the last year, were randomized either to the intervention (n = 51) or control group (n = 56). The intervention included arrangements at the workplace, along with individual guidance provided by an occupational physiotherapist (OPT). The randomized intervention study used standard counselling and guidance by an OPT without workplace intervention as a comparison. Surveys were completed at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after baseline. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups on the primary outcome measure, i.e. self-assessed work ability. We found no between-group differences in perceived health, self-assessed work productivity, number of sickness absence days and severity of back pain. However, there were significant positive within-group changes in the intervention group in the intensity of LBP, perceived health and the number of sickness absence days due to LBP. Conclusion Workplace arrangements are feasible using participatory ergonomics, but more quantitative and qualitative research is needed on its utilization and effectiveness among workers with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erja Sormunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eija Mäenpää-Moilanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilkka Ylisassi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Remes
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Batista GDA, Locks F, Beltrán Picón SP, Correia HJ, Ferraz ZCM, Pitangui ACR, Cappato de Araújo R. Association between the time of physical laboral activities and leisure over shoulder pain in fruitculture workers: A cross-sectional study. Work 2022; 74:565-574. [PMID: 36314180 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruitculture workers are exposed to shoulder pain disorders due to long working times in overhead activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the association between the time of physical work and leisure activities over the perception of shoulder pain intensity in fruit growing workers. METHODS This is a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 180 fruit-growing workers. Multivariable logistic regression was used, with an estimate of the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The dependent variable: Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (0-10 points), was categorized as low and high, with cutoff points of NPRS > 3 and NPRS > 4, and was associated with the independent variables (level of physical activity, personal, labour and psychosocial). RESULTS Workers which are insufficiently active in leisure time are more likely to report high-intensity shoulder pain, NPRS > 3 (OR: 2.39; p = 0.049) and NPRS > 4 (OR: 2.85; p = 0.036). In addition, working time in overhead activities is a risk factor for high-intensity pain for NPRS > 3 and NPRS > 4 (OR = 1.01; p < 0.001). Underweight and normal-weight workers were less likely to report shoulder pain in NPRS > 3 (OR = 0.35; p = 0.020) and in NPRS > 4 (OR = 0.20; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Fruit-growing workers had a high prevalence of severe shoulder pain. In addition, workers who are insufficiently active at leisure, overweight and obese are more likely to report severe pain. It was observed that overhead tasks increase the chances of reporting high-intensity shoulder pain among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Locks
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Carolina Rodarti Pitangui
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
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Diagnosing, Managing, and Supporting Return to Work of Adults With Rotator Cuff Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:647-664. [PMID: 35881707 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical practice guideline covering the assessment, management, and return to work of adults with rotator cuff disorders. DESIGN: Clinical practice guideline. METHODS: Using systematic reviews, appraisal of the literature, and an iterative approach to obtain consensus from key stakeholders, clinical recommendations and algorithms were developed in the context of the health care system and work environment of the province of Quebec (Canada). RESULTS: Recommendations (n = 73) and clinical decision algorithms (n = 3) were developed to match the objectives. The initial assessment should include the patient's history, a subjective assessment, and a physical examination. Diagnostic imaging is only necessary in select circumstances. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and injection therapies may be useful to reduce pain in the short term. Clinicians should prescribe an active and task-oriented rehabilitation program (exercises and education) to reduce pain and disability in adults with rotator cuff disorders. Subacromial decompression is not recommended to treat rotator cuff tendinopathy. Surgery is appropriate for selected patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. A return-to-work plan should be developed early, in collaboration with the worker and other stakeholders, and must combine multiple strategies to promote return to work. CONCLUSION: This clinical practice guideline was developed to assist the multidisciplinary team of clinicians who provide health care for adults with a rotator cuff disorder. The CPG guides clinical decisionmaking for diagnosis and treatment, and planning for successful return to work. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(10):647-664. Epub: 27 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11306.
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