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Battan RM, Kattan WM, Saqr RR, Alawi M. The effectiveness of simulation-based training on KAU hospital housekeeping staff performance. Infect Dis Health 2023; 28:177-185. [PMID: 36870939 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital Housekeeping staff play a key role in maintaining safe and clean environments to prevent infection and its spread in hospital. Innovative training approaches are necessary for this category; especially since their educational level is below average. Simulation based training can be a valuable tool for them in health care sector. However, no studies have explored the impact of simulation-based training on housekeeping staff performance, which is the focus of this study. OBJECTIVE This research focuses on exploring the effectiveness of simulation-based training for Hospital Housekeeping Staff. METHODS The study used pre-post training data from 124 housekeeping staff in different work areas at KAUH to measure the effectiveness of the program on their performance. The training includes five segments: General Knowledge training, Personal Protective Equipment, Hand Hygiene, Cleaning Biological Materials, and Terminal Cleaning. The study incorporated a two-sample paired T-test, One-Way ANOVA to detect differences in mean performance pre-and post-training and between groups in terms of gender and work area. RESULTS Study results show a significant improvement in housekeeping staff performance after the training, where the performance measure of GK was improved by 33%, PPE 42%, HH 53%, Biological Spill Kit is 64%, and terminal cleaning 11% However, there is no significant difference in performance improvements in all stations in regards of gender and work area except for the Biological Spill Kit in terms of the work area. CONCLUSION Results show the effectiveness of training as there are statistically significant differences in housekeeping staff mean performance pre-and post-training. The simulation-based training changed the behavior of the cleaners, as they became more confident and understanding in performing their work. Expanding the use of simulation as a basis for training this important group and further study is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Mohammed Battan
- Training and Education Department, Support Services Administration, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed M Kattan
- Department of Health Services and Hospitals Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem Rashad Saqr
- Department of Management Information System, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alawi
- Infection Control and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah
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Bradley DF, Rodriguez JA. Using Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence-Based Technology to Verify Cleanliness of Perioperative High-Touch Surfaces. AORN J 2022; 115:347-351. [PMID: 35333381 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cahn J. Environmental Cleaning. AORN J 2022; 115:264-271. [PMID: 35213053 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen YC, Huang HM, Lin PY, Shi ZY. Comparing visual inspection and performance observation for evaluation of hospital cleanliness. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:1511-1514. [PMID: 34314756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental cleaning is an effective measure to prevent infections. However, performance observation has been rarely delineated. This study aimed to compare correlations among visual inspection, performance observation, and effectiveness by using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence (ATP bioluminescence) as a comparator to find out which method is better to assess hospital cleanliness. METHODS This prospective study was conducted at a medical center from April 2019 to October 2020. Seven high-touch surfaces were evaluated during and after terminal cleaning by performance observation, visual inspection, and ATP bioluminescence. RESULTS The scores by performance observation, visual inspection, and ATP were 55.4%, 87.5%, and 26.6% after cleaning. The correlations between performance observation and visual inspection and between performance observation and ATP interpretation were weak positive (φ = 0.300, 0.324, P < .001). No correlation was between the visual inspection and ATP interpretation (φ=0.137). The median of ATP readings was lower in "compliant" group by performance observation and "clean" group by visual inspection than "not compliant" group and "not clean" group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Performance observation combined with ATP would be preferred to include to audit cleanliness on high-risk surfaces. Visual inspection would be a rapid and time-saving assessment tool on low-risk surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Chen
- Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Huang
- Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yuan Shi
- Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Crul M, Hilhorst S, Breukels O, Bouman-d'Onofrio JRC, Stubbs P, van Rooij JG. Occupational exposure of pharmacy technicians and cleaning staff to cytotoxic drugs in Dutch hospitals. J Occup Environ Hyg 2020; 17:343-352. [PMID: 32633703 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1776299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies into surface contamination of hospital environments have demonstrated that occupational exposure to cytotoxics through the dermal route remains a possible risk. In this study, we assess the actual dermal exposure of the hands of pharmacy technicians and cleaning personnel in a panel of hospitals performing tasks that pose a risk of exposure. We compare the dermal exposure to a tentative limit value for cyclophosphamide. Pharmacy technicians and cleaning personnel were asked for hand rinsing after performance of nine tasks previously identified as posing a risk of occupational exposure. All samples were analyzed for the presence and quantity of eight antineoplastic drugs. By using data on both the frequency of the performance of the tasks and the measured dermal contamination during these tasks, weekly exposure to the marker drug (cyclophosphamide) was calculated. In five Dutch hospitals, 70 hand rinse samples and 8 blanks were collected. These were analyzed and results were used to calculate weekly exposure. The tentative limit value used was 0.74 µg of cyclophosphamide. For cleaning personnel, all results remained below this threshold value. For pharmacy technicians, the compounding itself also remained well below the limit; however, the task involving preparatory work, as well as the checking of compounded drugs, had a 13% chance of exceeding the limit. All of the highest values were found when employees were not wearing gloves on these tasks. Cleaning personnel and pharmacy technicians compounding cytotoxic drugs in our study were sufficiently protected from occupational exposure. In contrast, pharmacy technicians who perform preparatory and finishing tasks (before and after the actual compounding) are not protected enough when they do not wear gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Crul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Hilhorst
- Department of Human Resources, Occupational Health Services, Ziekenhuis de Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Breukels
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - Percival Stubbs
- Department of Human Resources, Healthteam, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dancer
- Department of Microbiology, Hairmyres Hospital, NHS Lanarkshire, Glasgow, UK
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK
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Goldish D, Hendrick S, Hurwitz M, Sisk D, Lee D. Simplifying Disinfectant Choices to Improve Safety in Contact Precaution Rooms. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:1009-1010. [PMID: 30885409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Both quaternary ammonium and bleach-based cleaning products are effective in reducing the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in hospitals, but bleach-based compounds demonstrate better control of Clostridium difficile infections. Our pilot study demonstrates the potential to reduce C. difficile transmission in an acute care hospital by eliminating the need for providers to choose the appropriate cleaning product from isolation precaution carts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Goldish
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Stephanie Hendrick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Max Hurwitz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel Sisk
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Darren Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Armellino D, Dowling O, Newman SB, Schwarz RB, Jacobs M, Cifu-Tursellino K, Di Capua JF. Remote Video Auditing to Verify OR Cleaning: A Quality Improvement Project. AORN J 2018; 108:634-642. [PMID: 30480793 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There are many sources of contamination in the perioperative environment. Patient experience can be negatively affected by the presence of environmental contamination, especially if it is the cause of a surgical site infection. Perioperative and environmental services staff members and leaders are tasked with ensuring a clean and safe environment for their patients while maintaining an awareness of time and budgetary constraints. In addition, leaders are responsible for the competency of their staff members and must address performance issues when needed. New technological advances designed to streamline monitoring and reporting processes related to OR cleanliness are available for use. This article describes the quality improvement project that one multifacility organization completed related to the use of remote video auditing and the positive effect it had on the organization's environmental contamination.
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Barker A, Ngam C, Musuuza J, Vaughn VM, Safdar N. Reducing Clostridium difficile in the Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review of the Adherence to and Effectiveness of C. difficile Prevention Bundles. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017; 38:639-650. [PMID: 28343455 PMCID: PMC5654380 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea, and its prevention is an urgent public health priority. However, reduction of CDI is challenging because of its complex pathogenesis, large reservoirs of colonized patients, and the persistence of infectious spores. The literature lacks high-quality evidence for evaluating interventions, and many hospitals have implemented bundled interventions to reduce CDI with variable results. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the components of CDI bundles, their implementation processes, and their impact on CDI rates. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of multiple computerized databases from their date of inception through April 30, 2016. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, an international prospective register of systematic reviews. Bundle effectiveness, adherence, and study quality were assessed for each study meeting our criteria for inclusion. RESULTS In the 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review, implementation and adherence factors to interventions were variably and incompletely reported, making study reproducibility and replicability challenging. Despite contextual differences and the variety of bundle components utilized, all 26 studies reported an improvement in CDI rates. However, given the lack of randomized controlled trials in the literature, assessing a causal relationship between bundled interventions and CDI rates is currently impossible. CONCLUSION Cluster randomized trials that include a rigorous assessment of the implementation of bundled interventions are urgently needed to causally test the effect of intervention bundles on CDI rates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:639-650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barker
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caitlyn Ngam
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jackson Musuuza
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Valerie M. Vaughn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Patient Safety Enhancement Program, University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Infection Control, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
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Kehoe B. Researchers explore ways to improve patient room cleaning. Health Facil Manage 2017; 30:6. [PMID: 29490444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Zuger
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Mount Sinai St Luke's Hospitals, New York, New York
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Dramowski A, Whitelaw A, Cotton MF. Assessment of terminal cleaning in pediatric isolation rooms: Options for low-resource settings. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1558-1564. [PMID: 27561433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated terminal cleaning in low-resource settings. METHODS Adequacy of pediatric isolation room terminal cleaning was evaluated using quantitative bacterial surface cultures, ATP bioluminescence assays, and fluorescent high-touch surface markers at Tygerberg Children's Hospital in South Africa (August 1, 2014-October 31, 2015). Cleaning adequacy was assessed by comparing pre- and postcleaning measurements. Influence of verbal feedback was determined by comparing cleaners' first and subsequent cleaning episodes. Cleaning methods were compared for cost, time, and feasibility. RESULTS Adequacy of terminal cleaning was evaluated in 25 isolation rooms after hospitalization for pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 13), respiratory (n = 5) and enteric viruses (n = 5), pertussis (n = 1), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1). Mean aerobic colony counts and mean ATP relative light units declined between pre- and postcleaning evaluations (39 ± 41 to 15 ± 30 [P < .001] and 72 ± 40 to 23 ± 11 [P < .001]). Fluorescent marker removal was initially poor, but improved significantly at subsequent cleaning episodes (17 out of 78 [22%] to 121 out of 198 [61%]; P < .001); mean aerobic colony counts and ATP values also declined significantly following feedback. Cost, time, and resources required for ATP and surface cultures far exceeded that required for fluorescent markers. CONCLUSIONS Adequacy of isolation room cleaning improved following feedback to cleaning staff. Fluorescent markers are an inexpensive option for cleaning evaluation and training in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dramowski
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark F Cotton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lorenzi N. Functional foundations. Flooring that helps to improve health care facilities operations. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:35-38. [PMID: 29488739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Schierhorn C. Environmental Services Department of the Year: Wentworth-Douglass Hospital. Doing more with less: Involving employees in process improvement bolsters efficiency, dedication and patient satisfaction. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:21-22. [PMID: 30035871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Schierhorn C. Environmental Services Department of the Year: Gundersen Health System. Raising the bar: Standardized processes, strategic scheduling, attention to analytics help system to soar higher. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:17-20. [PMID: 30035869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Fattorini M, Ceriale E, Nante N, Lenzi D, Manzi P, Basagni C, Messina G. Use of a fluorescent marker for assessing hospital bathroom cleanliness. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1066-8. [PMID: 27179392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent marker was used to assess the efficacy of daily cleaning in hospital en suite bathrooms. We applied the marker on 218 surfaces and we assigned a score according how completely the mark had been removed. We found significant statistical differences among different surfaces and wards (P < .05). Microbiologic contamination and marker removal score did not seem to be correlated. Differences in cleanliness may indicate discrepancies in cleaning procedures. Fluorescent marker proved to be a practical and effective method and it could be adopted as a first-level control system to assess hospital cleanliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Fattorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emma Ceriale
- Postgraduate School in Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Nante
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Postgraduate School in Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Lenzi
- Medical Administration, Teaching Hospital "Le Scotte," Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Manzi
- Medical Administration, Teaching Hospital "Le Scotte," Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Basagni
- Medical Administration, Teaching Hospital "Le Scotte," Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Messina
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Postgraduate School in Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Baynum J. Prioritizing cleaning with real-time tracking. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:48. [PMID: 30035500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Lybert L. Seven aspects of surface selection. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:45-47. [PMID: 28957599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Asplund J. Environmental services gospel choir raises a joyful noise. Hosp Health Netw 2016; 90:23. [PMID: 26904911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Heimbuch BK, Wallace WH, Balzli CL, Laning ML, Harnish DA, Wander JD. Bioaerosol exposure to personnel in a clinical environment absent patients. J Occup Environ Hyg 2016; 13:D11-D15. [PMID: 26375496 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections pose a significant and escalating threat to both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). By their nature, hospitals induce antibiotic resistance in virulent and commensal strains, leading to increasingly severe hospital-acquired infections. This study measured environmental exposure experienced by domestic staff cleaning vacated patient rooms of a community hospital to bacteria in ambient bioaerosols. While they cleaned the room, participants wore an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR), from which coupons were cut and bacteria were extracted, cultured and enumerated. Extrapolation to the full area of the respirator yielded measured exposures of 0.2-1.4 × 10(4) colony-forming units/hour, of which ∼97% collected on the front layer of the N95, suggesting a possible role for minimal respiratory protection in nonpatient environments. Random resistance testing of 1.6% of the isolates showed that ∼70% of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms exhibited resistance to oxacillin and ∼9% of the Gram-positives displayed resistance to vancomycin. These data provide an estimate for mask bioaerosol loading that can be used in risk modeling and to refine strategies for reuse of FFRs during critical shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Heimbuch
- a Applied Research Associates, Engineering Science Division , Panama City , Florida
| | - William H Wallace
- a Applied Research Associates, Engineering Science Division , Panama City , Florida
| | - Charles L Balzli
- b Universal Technology Corporation, Materials and Manufacturing Division , Dayton , Ohio
| | | | - Delbert A Harnish
- a Applied Research Associates, Engineering Science Division , Panama City , Florida
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Henderson C. Technology helps streamline patient room turnover. Health Facil Manage 2015; 28:42. [PMID: 26689019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Dunn G. Planning for the optimal sluice room. Health Estate 2015; 69:111-114. [PMID: 26750042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Cole M. The application of epic3 guidelines: the complexity of practice. Br J Nurs 2015; 24:858-862. [PMID: 26419710 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2015.24.17.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is a major patient safety concern and is associated with morbidity, mortality and increased healthcare costs. Prevention and control requires a multi-modal approach, but the individual's accountability and rigorous application of standard infection prevention and control behaviours is at its core. The third instalment of the epic3 guidance ( Loveday et al, 2014a ) provided the evidence and advanced the importance of hand-hygiene behaviour, the use of non-sterile gloves and environmental cleanliness. This discussion considers some of the recommendations made in these areas of practice and some of the underlying complexities. Producing guidelines based on the best available evidence and transforming them into policies can be a useful adjunct to communicating the necessary standards. However, policies often erase the complexity of implementation. To strive for the best possible standard is an understandable and laudable objective, but organisations need to be mindful of the difficulties and obstacles that stand in their way, particularly in an era where the philosophy of 'zero tolerance' is gaining popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cole
- Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln
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Scherberger J. Developing a plan to handle clean textiles. Health Facil Manage 2015; 28:42. [PMID: 26638613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Lorenzi N. Functional floor cleaners. Health Facil Manage 2015; 28:37-40. [PMID: 27311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractObjective:To identify environmentally safe, rapidly acting agents for killing spores ofClostridium difficilein the hospital environment.Design:Three classic disinfectants (2% glutaraldehyde, 1.6% peracetyl ions, and 70% isopropanol) and acidified nitrite were compared for activity againstC. difficilespores. Four strains ofC. difficilebelonging to different serogroups were tested using a dilution–neutralization method according to preliminary European Standard prEN 14347. For peracetyl ions and acidified nitrite, the subjective cleaning effect and the sporicidal activity was also tested in the presence of organic load.Results:Peracetyl ions were highly sporicidal and yielded a minimum 4 log10reduction of germinating spores already at short exposure times, independent of organic load conditions. Isopropanol 70% showed low or no inactivation at all exposure times, whereas glutaraldehyde and acidified nitrite each resulted in an increasing inactivation factor (IF) over time, from an IF greater than 1.4 at 5 minutes of exposure time to greater than 4.1 at 30 minutes. Soiling conditions did not influence the effect of acidified nitrite. There was no difference in the IF among the 4 strains tested for any of the investigated agents. Acidified nitrite demonstrated a good subjective cleaning effect and peracetyl ions demonstrated a satisfactory effect.Conclusions:Cidal activity was shown againstC. difficilespores by glutaraldehyde, peracetyl ions, and acidified nitrite. As acidified nitrite and peracetyl ions are considered to be environmentally safe chemicals, these agents seem well suited for the disinfection ofC. difficilespores in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Wullt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Bruun MH, Krause-Jensen J, Saltofte M. Tracking Porters: Learning the Craft of Techno-Anthropology. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 215:67-79. [PMID: 26249185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropology attempts to gain insight into people's experiential life-worlds through long-term fieldwork. The quality of anthropological knowledge production, however, does not depend solely on the duration of the stay in the field, but also on a particular way of seeing social situations. The anthropological perspective is grounded in socio-cultural theory and forged by a distinct relativist or contextualist epistemological stance. The point is to understand events, concepts and phenomena from the insiders' point of view and to show how this view relates to the particular social and cultural context. In this chapter, we argue that although anthropology has its specific methodology - including a myriad of ethnographic data-gathering tools, techniques, analytical approaches and theories - it must first and foremost be understood as a craft. Anthropology as craft requires a specific 'anthropological sensibility' that differs from the standardized procedures of normal science. To establish our points we use an example of problem-based project work conducted by a group of Techno-Anthropology students at Aalborg University, we focus on key aspects of this craft and how the students began to learn it: For two weeks the students followed the work of a group of porters. Drawing on anthropological concepts and research strategies the students gained crucial insights about the potential effects of using tracking technologies in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hojer Bruun
- Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | | | - Margit Saltofte
- Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Sellgren S, Sparrelid E, Arinder P. ["Bacterial scouting" to reduce healthcare associated infections. New method can identify and address risk factors for disease transmission]. Lakartidningen 2014; 111:2155-2158. [PMID: 25423335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is a report of a multidisciplinary project conducted at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm. The aim was to study and reduce potential risk factors for the spread of health-care associated infections in the near-patient environment. A process beginning with an observation study conducted by two observers of which one was an industrial designer or a psychologist was used. Bacterial screenings were used to verify factors identified during the observations. The main focus of activities to reduce the identified risks was mainly to improve the cleaning. Improved cleaning routines reduced the microbiological level significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Sellgren
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Kavlitet och Patientsäkerhet Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Kvalitet och Patientsäkerhet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elda Sparrelid
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Kvalitet och patientsäkerhet Stockhom, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Kvalitet och patientsäkerhet Stockhom, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Arinder
- SIK - Institutet för Livsmedel och Bioteknik - Lund, Sweden SIK - Institutet för Livsmedel och Bioteknik - Lund, Sweden
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Ali M, Qazi MS, Seuc A. Seeking what matters: determinants of clients' satisfaction in obstetric care services in Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2014; 26:481-487. [PMID: 25672170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to determine the dimensions of the service quality in the public hospitals and evaluate the determinants of client satisfaction in obstetric health in the context of Pakistan. METHODS The present research evaluates the application of an integrated client satisfaction model that draws mainly from the original SERVQUAL framework in obstetric health services. We conducted a cross-sectional study, in four public district hospitals in Pakistan, enrolling 1101 clients attending obstetric health care services. Measures of service quality and determinants of client satisfaction were factor-analysed and multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. RESULTS The client satisfaction increased significantly with increases in respondent's age, number of children, number of visits and with decrease in educational status. Factor analysis revealed five service quality dimensions; and multiple regression analysis showed that all five dimensions of service quality in obstetric care were significant in explaining client satisfaction. The most powerful predictor for client satisfaction was provider communication with clients, followed by responsiveness and discipline. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at improving client provider interaction would not only advance the clinical provision of services, butwould also result in greater patient satisfaction with the services provided, leading to higher levels of facility utilization and continuity of care. Better client provider interaction can be accomplished at hospital's level through focused training of all cadre of service providers sensitizing them on clients' needs. Results also showed that the proposed framework is a valid and flexible instrument in assessing and monitoring service quality and enabling staff to identify where improvements are needed, from the clients' perspective.
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Kumar A. Priortising airborne infection control in HIV/AIDS care settings in India. Indian J Tuberc 2014; 61:294-297. [PMID: 25675691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Abstract
Although not directly responsible for patient care, hospital housekeepers are still susceptible to accidents with biological material. The objectives of this study were to establish profile and frequency of accidents among hospital housekeepers, describe behaviors pre- and postaccident, and risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study with hospital housekeepers in Goiania, Brazil. Data were obtained from interviews and vaccination records. The observations were as follows: (1) participating workers: 94.3%; (2) incomplete hepatitis B vaccination: 1 in 3; and (3) accident rate: 26.5%, mostly percutaneous with hypodermic needles, and involved blood from an unknown source; roughly half occurred during waste management. Upon review, length of service less than 5 years, completed hepatitis B vaccination, and had been tested for anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antigen) influenced frequency of accidents. These findings suggest that improper disposal of waste appears to enhance the risk to hospital housekeepers. All hospital workers should receive continued training with regard to waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adenícia Custódia Silva Souza
- a College of Nursing, Federal University of Goias , Goiania , Brazil
- b Department of Nursing, Nutrition and Physiotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias , Goiania , Brazil
| | - Milca Severino Pereira
- b Department of Nursing, Nutrition and Physiotherapy, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias , Goiania , Brazil
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Hakim SA, Mohsen A, Bakr I. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health-care personnel towards waste disposal management at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 20:347-354. [PMID: 24952293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices of health-care providers towards waste management at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. In this cross-sectional study 110 physicians, 151 nurses and 89 housekeepers were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire. Housekeepers were significantly more knowledgeable than physicians or nurses about hospital policies and systems for waste disposal, but less so about specific details of disposal. Housekeepers also had the highest overall scores for attitudes to waste disposal among the 3 groups. Significantly more nurses had satisfactory practice scores (84.0%) than did physicians (67.3%) (housekeepers were not assessed). Training and duration of work experience were not significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice scores, except for nurses with longer work experience, who were more likely to have satisfactory knowledge about waste disposal than less experienced nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hakim
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Mohsen
- Department of Community Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I Bakr
- Department of Community, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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West M. Specifying to meet multiple demands. Health Estate 2014; 68:51-54. [PMID: 24783330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Choosing flooring for healthcare takes careful consideration. New legislation in healthcare places greater responsibility on those throughout the supply chain to ensure the safety of staff, visitors, and patients - now, and in the future. This undoubtedly impacts on flooring choices, but there is also the need for the most stringent hygiene, an aesthetically pleasing healing environment, maintenance and cleaning considerations, environmental impact, and some very specific requirements for dementia and elderly care to consider. Martyn West, Altro's specification manager, examines these key issues.
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Baillie J. Pseudomonas--an opportunistic foe. Health Estate 2014; 68:55-58. [PMID: 24516937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An honest account of some of the lessons learned in how to protect patients, staff, and visitors, against waterborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa by effectively monitoring a large healthcare facility's water supply, identifying potential 'trigger points', harnessing the expertise of a multidisciplinary team, encouraging all staff to 'go the extra mile' preventatively, and above all, 'going beyond compliance', was provided by George McCracken, head of Estates Risk and Environment at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust--in whose Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital three young babies died after an outbreak of the bacteraemia in early 2012--at a recent Water Management Society conference. HEJ editor, Jonathan Baillie, reports.
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Farley HH. Control of massive hemorrhage. Minn Med 2013; 96:29-30. [PMID: 24597192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Miller KL. Why metrics are critical to ES leaders. Health Facil Manage 2013; 26:36. [PMID: 23777182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Korshøj M, Krustrup P, Jespersen T, Søgaard K, Skotte JH, Holtermann A. A 24-h assessment of physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness among female hospital cleaners: a pilot study. Ergonomics 2013; 56:935-943. [PMID: 23586528 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2013.782427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of methods for objective 24-h sampling of physical activity among cleaners. Twenty cleaners participated in three 24-h measurements. Amount of steps, heart rate (HR), cardio-respiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured. The methods were feasible for the objective 24-h sampling of physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness among cleaners. Measurements showed that the cleaners walked 20,198 ± 4,627 steps per day. During working hours, the average cardio-respiratory load was 25 ± 6% of heart rate reserve (HRR). The cleaners had a low estimated cardio-respiratory fitness (34 mlO2/kg/min), a high BMI (50%, >25 kg/m(2)) and blood pressure (50%, >120/>80 mmHg). The high amount of steps, the relatively high cardiovascular load at work and low cardio-respiratory fitness illustrate the need for further investigation of the relationship between physical activity at work and in leisure, and cardiovascular health in this population. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This study evaluated the feasibility of methods for objective 24-h sampling of physical activity among cleaners; the methods used were found to be feasible. The cleaners had a high cardiovascular load at work and low cardio-respiratory fitness, suggesting that there is a need for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Korshøj
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Megha K, Daksha P. Knowledge and practices about hospital waste disposal and universal safety precautions in class IV employee. J Commun Dis 2013; 45:59-64. [PMID: 25141555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Norms and guidelines are formed for safe disposal of hospital waste but question is whether these guidelines are being followed and if so, to what extent. Hence, this study was conducted with objective to study the knowledge and practices about hospital waste disposal and universal safety precautions in class IV employee and to study its relationship with education, occupation and training. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a teaching hospital in Mumbai using semi-structured questionnaire in which Class IV employee were included. Questionnaire was filled by face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 48.7% Class IV employee were not trained. More than 40% were following correct practices about disinfection of infectious waste. None of the respondents were using protective footwear while handling hospital waste. Only 25.5% were vaccinated for hepatitis B. 16% had done HIV testing due to contact with blood, body fluid, needle stick injury. Knowledge and practices about hospital waste disposal and universal precaution were statistically significant in trained respondents. Training of employees should be given top priority; those already in service should be given on the job training at the earliest.
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Boyd GD. Crashed. Radiol Manage 2013; 35:46-48. [PMID: 23638581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on my experiences, I have a few recommendations to implement in a hospital and a radiology department: Recognize that your staff is the most important resource and invest in them. Adopt the "KIT Procedure". Remember that physicians need positive feedback, too. Make sure that high windows and ceilings are clean and repaired. Maintain safe and comfortable wheelchairs. Make training and inservices in your department a priority. Find a way for patients and technologists to make eye contact during an MRI. The radiology administrator should emulate the CNO described and spend a day on a regular basis with staff. I recently spent 10 days in a hospital as a patient. During my stay, I learned how hospitals really operate and I passed along a few recommendations that I hope you find helpful. I plan to implement these recommendations in my facility. "In your day, like mine, Stay Strong!"--Adapted from my friend Bubby Greene.
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Wiemken T. How hospital designers can help ES. Health Facil Manage 2013; 26:36. [PMID: 23488056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wiemken
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, USA
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Paget C. To the top. Developing the characteristics of an effective ES leader. Health Facil Manage 2013; 26:40-42. [PMID: 23488058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Abbas RA, Hammam RAM, El-Gohary SS, Sabik LME, Hunter MS. Screening for common mental disorders and substance abuse among temporary hired cleaners in Egyptian Governmental Hospitals, Zagazig City, Sharqia Governorate. Int J Occup Environ Med 2013; 4:13-26. [PMID: 23279794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal employment is common in developing countries, including Egypt. This type of employment may have significant consequences on mental health. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors of common mental disorders and substance abuse among temporary hired hospital cleaners. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 242 adult temporary cleaners and 209 permanent cleaners working in 4 governmental hospitals in Zagazig City, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. All participants were invited to complete a structured questionnaire through a semi-structured interview which included the self-reporting questionnaire 20 items (SRQ-20) and the work stress scale. Assessment of drug use included urine-based screening tests for common substances abused. RESULTS The prevalence of job stress, common mental disorders and substance abuse, particularly tramadol and cannabis (Bango), was significantly higher in the studied temporary cleaners compared to permanent cleaners. Risk factors associated with increased susceptibility of the temporary cleaners to common mental disorders were family history of substance abuse, high crowding index, history of physical illness, low educational level, and smoking; while being unmarried, male sex, family history of mental disorder, age ≥40 years, smoking, and length of service ≥8 years, were associated with substance abuse among the same group. CONCLUSION Temporary hired hospital cleaners suffered from impaired mental health more than permanent cleaners. Therefore, expanding the coverage of current laws and occupational safety and health standards to cover workers in the informal sector especially in developing countries is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Abbas
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Byrns G, Nelson AK, Bradbury JW. Case study. The importance of good chemical management in health care. J Occup Environ Hyg 2013; 10:D86-D93. [PMID: 23706128 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2013.795806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Byrns
- Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
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Kumar R, Samrongthong R, Shaikh BT. Knowledge, attitude and practices of health staff regarding infectious waste handling of tertiary care health facilities at metropolitan city of Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2013; 25:109-112. [PMID: 25098070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Care Waste (HCW) is considered as the second dangerous waste in the World that needs to be properly disposed by trained health care staff. Good knowledge, positive attitude and safe practices of medical staff is very imperative while managing this infectious waste. This assessment has been conducted to determine the situation and KAP of infectious waste management in health care workers working at tertiary care settings health facilities of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS This study was part of an ongoing quasi-experimental with control and intervention design and was conducted in tertiary care governmental hospitals of Rawalpindi by interviewing healthcare workers (HCWs) who were selected randomly after the sample size calculation. The participants were selected according to the proportional size of the each HCWs for their equal representation from all the groups. Self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire were adapted after taking the written consent. Ethical consideration was taken from ethical committee of Health Services Academy Pakistan. RESULTS Total 275 HCWs including doctors, nurses, paramedics and sanitary workers were interviewed during this baseline survey. The mean age of the health workers were 30 +/- 5 years. Infectious waste management practices with in both hospitals were not found statistically significant (p = 0.33). However, the sociodemographic information like age, gender, level of education and experience, when compared with the practices were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). Doctors and nurses have better knowledge, positive attitude and good practices compare to paramedics and sanitary staff regarding infectious waste management and was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Practices among HCWs were not found up to the standards in these tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan and were not following the proper guidelines and WHO rules.
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Kehoe B. Surface safety. Part 4. Best practices in surface and medical device disinfection. Health Facil Manage 2013; 26:2p.-39. [PMID: 23387104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Managing corridor clutter--part 1. Jt Comm Perspect 2012; 32:4-6. [PMID: 22928244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Miller KL. Advice on educating front-line staff. Health Facil Manage 2012; 25:38. [PMID: 22916506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Ferenc J. It's about time: new disinfectants feature faster action against pathogens. Health Facil Manage 2012; 25:32-35. [PMID: 22916505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Miller KL. The role of ES in choosing interior materials. Health Facil Manage 2012; 25:40. [PMID: 22876488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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