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Mulder M, Kok R, Aben B, de Wind A. Incidence Rates and Predictors of Recurrent Long-Term Mental Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10226-7. [PMID: 39066861 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several predictors have been identified for mental sickness absence, but those for recurrences are not well-understood. This study assesses recurrence rates for long-term mental sickness absence (LTMSA) within subgroups of common mental disorders (CMDs) and identifies predictors of recurrent LTMSA. METHODS This historical prospective cohort study used routinely collected data from 16,310 employees obtained from a nationally operating Dutch occupational health service (ArboNed). Total follow-up duration was 23,334 person-years. Overall recurrence rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimators. Recurrence rates within subgroups of CMDs were calculated using person-years. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors. RESULTS 15.6% of employees experienced a recurrent LTMSA episode within three years after fully returning to work after a previous LTMSA episode. Highest recurrence rates for LTMSA were observed after a previous LTMSA episode due to mood or anxiety disorders. Mood or anxiety disorders and shorter previous episode duration were predictors of recurrent LTMSA. No associations were found for age, gender, company size, full-time equivalent and job tenure. CONCLUSION Employees should be monitored adequately after they fully returned to work after LTMSA. It is recommended to monitor high-risk employees (i.e. employees with mood or anxiety disorders and short LTMSA episode) more intensively, also beyond full return to work. Moreover, diagnosis of anxiety and depressive symptoms should be given a higher priority in occupational healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mulder
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Kok
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Aben
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid de Wind
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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In't Hout L, van Hees SGM, Vossen E, Oomens S, van de Mheen D, Blonk RWB. Factors Related to the Recurrence of Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10224-9. [PMID: 38985239 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Employees who experience sickness absence (SA) due to common mental disorders (CMD) are at increased risk of recurrent sickness absence (RSA). This systematic literature review examines the factors at different levels in the work and non-work context that increase or decrease the likelihood of RSA due to CMD. The resulting knowledge enables more accurate identification of employees at risk of RSA. METHODS We conducted a search in June 2023 using the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Embase and Business Source Ultimate (BSU). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (self-)employees, CMD, related factors, RSA. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The Individual, Group, Leader, Organisation and Overarching/social context (IGLOO) model were used to cluster the found factors and these factors were graded by evidence grading. RESULTS Nineteen quantitative and one qualitative studies of mainly high and some moderate quality were included in this review. A total of 78 factors were found. These factors were grouped according to the IGLOO levels and merged in 17 key factors. After evidence grading, we found that mainly low socioeconomic status (SES) and the type of previous SA (short-term SA and SA due to CMD) are predictors of an increased risk of RSA. CONCLUSIONS Having a low SES and previous experience of SA (short term, or due to CMD) are factors that predict the chance of RSA, implying the need for prolonged support from occupational health professionals after the employee has returned to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia In't Hout
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Occupational and Health Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne G M van Hees
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Occupational and Health Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Vossen
- Occupational and Health Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shirley Oomens
- Occupational and Health Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen School of Occupational Health, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W B Blonk
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Science, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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3
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Rondinone BM, Buresti G, Iavicoli S, Durando P, Battaglia MA, Dini G, Montecucco A, Rahmani A, Debarbieri N, Bandiera P, Ponzio M, Manacorda T, Pignattelli E, Inglese M, Persechino B. Occupational Physicians' Management of Workers With Multiple Sclerosis in Italy: Results From a Survey. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2024; 115:e2024022. [PMID: 38922836 PMCID: PMC11223566 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v115i3.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study, conducted on a sample of Italian occupational physicians (OPs), aimed to gather data regarding professional activity and their needs in managing workers with multiple sclerosis. METHODS A convenience sample of OPs recruited by e-mail invitation to the list of Italian Society of Occupational Medicine members was considered. A total of 220 OPs participated between July and October 2022. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed based on previous survey experiences. It investigated, among others, the characteristics of OP respondents, the evaluation of fitness for work issues, and the OP training and updating needs on multiple sclerosis and work. RESULTS Ninety-one percent of OPs had to assess the fitness for work of workers with multiple sclerosis during their activity. Sixty-four percent experienced particular difficulties in issuing a fitness for work judgment. Regarding the level of knowledge on multiple sclerosis, 54% judged it sufficient. The "Assessment of fitness for work for the specific task" and the "Role of the OPs in identifying reasonable accommodations" were the most interesting training topics regarding MS management in work contexts chosen by the respondents. CONCLUSIONS The interest in the work inclusion and job retention of people with disability, particularly the aspects linked to the Identification and implementation of reasonable accommodations, will require integration with the occupational safety and health protection system and will undoubtedly impact the OP's activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria Rondinone
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
- Contributed equally
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
- Contributed equally
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Directorate-General for Communication & European & International Relations, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino di Genova IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Alberto Battaglia
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Dini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino di Genova IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Montecucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino di Genova IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alborz Rahmani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Ponzio
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pignattelli
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino di Genova IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Persechino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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Wong J, Su H, Kudla A, Munsell EGS, Ezeife N, Crown D, Trierweiler R, Capraro P, Tomazin S, Park M, Heinemann AW. Facilitators and barriers to employment for people with physical disabilities: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024:WOR220721. [PMID: 38905070 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual's health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD. METHODS We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations. RESULTS 347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasin Wong
- Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Han Su
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angelika Kudla
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nnaemezie Ezeife
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Crown
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Trierweiler
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Capraro
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mirang Park
- Rehabilitation Counseling Department, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Kruse D, Schur L, Johnson-Marcus HA, Gilbert L, Di Lallo A, Gao W, Su H. Assistive Technology's Potential to Improve Employment of People with Disabilities. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:299-315. [PMID: 38252325 PMCID: PMC11219186 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates how access to assistive technologies affects employment and earnings among people with disabilities. METHODS We first document employment and earnings gaps associated with specific impairments and activity limitations using 2017-2021 American Community Survey and 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation data. We then use accommodations data from the 2012, 2019, and 2021 Current Population Survey (CPS) Disability Supplements to examine employment and earnings growth for people with disabilities related both to any, and to technology-based, accommodations. We also provide short descriptions of three developing assistive technologies that assist people with upper body impairments, visual impairments, and anxiety conditions. RESULTS Almost all impairments and activity limitations are linked to lower employment and earnings, with especially low employment among people with mobility impairments and particularly low earnings among those with cognitive impairments. About one-tenth of workers with disabilities received any accommodations, and 3-4% received equipment-based accommodations in the 2012-2021 period; these figures increased slightly over the period. The occupations with the highest disability accommodations rates had greater disability employment growth from 2012 to 2021, but disability pay gaps did not decrease more in these occupations. The three developing assistive technologies we describe illustrate the potential to reduce the estimated employment and earnings deficits. CONCLUSION Assistive technology accommodations have potential for improving employment outcomes for people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kruse
- School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, 94 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Lisa Schur
- School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, 94 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hazel-Anne Johnson-Marcus
- School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, 94 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lauren Gilbert
- School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, 94 Rockafeller Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Di Lallo
- Lab of Biomechatronics and Intelligent Robotics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Weibo Gao
- Lab of Biomechatronics and Intelligent Robotics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hao Su
- Lab of Biomechatronics and Intelligent Robotics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Joint NCSU/UNC Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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6
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Gaudet K, Corbiere M, Chen T, Cardinal H, Achille M. The Strategies Used to Balance Health and Work Across the Solid Organ Transplantation Trajectory. Prog Transplant 2024; 34:32-40. [PMID: 38576412 PMCID: PMC11080381 DOI: 10.1177/15269248241239245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Workers who undergo solid organ transplantation report frequent conflicts between the unpredictable demands of their health condition and the rigid requirements of their employer and of health services. The present study aimed to describe the self-management strategies adopted by workers while staying at work before transplantation and during sustainable return-to-work posttransplantation. Methods: Fifteen employed kidney, liver, and lung transplant recipients were recruited from 2 large urban university health centers in Montreal, Canada. Three focus groups were held, and thematic analysis was performed. Findings: Seven strategies were identified: responding promptly and consistently to fatigue-related needs, planning ahead with immediate supervisors while remaining strategic about when to disclose transplantation, requesting work accommodations, requesting flexibility in healthcare provision, consulting physicians about work-related issues, informing co-workers about work limitations and immunosuppression and asking not to be treated differently in the workplace. Conclusion: Access to work accommodations, support from physicians and flexibility in treatment and appointment schedules supported workers' ability to manage their health while staying at work before and after undergoing solid organ transplantation. In light of findings, it may be useful for healthcare professionals to address workers' concerns about work limitations and work accommodation implementation, especially when the illness-management burden increases before transplantation and during posttransplantation sick leave. Future studies could describe the strategies used by other important stakeholders when attempting to provide support to workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Gaudet
- Department of Psychology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Corbiere
- Department of Education, Career Counselling, Universite du Quebec a Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heloise Cardinal
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Achille
- Department of Psychology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Shaw E, Nunns M, Spicer SG, Lawal H, Briscoe S, Melendez‐Torres GJ, Garside R, Liabo K, Coon JT. What is the volume, quality and characteristics of evidence relating to the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multi-disciplinary occupational health interventions aiming to improve work-related outcomes for employed adults? An evidence and gap map of systematic reviews. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1412. [PMID: 38751859 PMCID: PMC11094349 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background In the UK, tens of millions of working days are lost due to work-related ill health every year, costing billions of pounds. The role of Occupational Health (OH) services is vital in helping workers to maintain employment when they encounter injury or illness. OH providers traditionally rely on a clinical workforce to deliver these services, particularly doctors and nurses with OH qualifications. However, the increasing demand for OH services is unlikely to be met in the future using this traditional model, due to the declining number of OH-trained doctors and nurses in the UK. Multi-disciplinary models of OH delivery, including a more varied range of healthcare and non-healthcare professionals, could provide a way to meet this new demand for OH services. There is a need to identify collaborative models of OH service delivery and review their effectiveness on return-to work outcomes. There is an existing pool of systematic review evidence evaluating workplace based, multi-disciplinary OH interventions, but it is difficult to identify which aspects of the content and/or delivery of these interventions may be associated with improved work-related outcomes. Objectives The aim of this evidence and gap map (EGM) was to provide an overview of the systematic review evidence that evaluates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multi-disciplinary OH interventions intending to improve work-related outcomes. Search Methods In June 2021 we searched a selection of bibliographic databases and other academic literature resources covering a range of relevant disciplines, including health care and business studies, to identify systematic review evidence from a variety of sectors of employment. We also searched Google Search and a selection of topically relevant websites and consulted with stakeholders to identify reports already known to them. Searches were updated in February 2023. Selection Criteria Systematic reviews needed to be about adults (16 years or over) in employment, who have had absence from work for any medical reason. Interventions needed to be multi-disciplinary (including professionals from different backgrounds in clinical and non-clinical professions) and designed to support employees and employers to manage health conditions in the workplace and/or to help employees with health conditions retain and/or return to work following medical absence. Effectiveness needed to be measured in terms of return to work, work retention or measures of absence, or economic evaluation outcomes. These criteria were applied to the title and abstract and full text of each systematic review independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. We awarded each systematic review a rating of 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low' relevance to indicate the extent to which the populations, interventions and their contexts synthesised within the review were consistent with our research question. We also recorded the number of primary studies included within each of the 'High' and 'Medium' reviews that were relevant to research question using the same screening process applied at review level. Data Collection and Analysis Summary data for each eligible review was extracted. The quality of the systematic reviews, rated as 'High' or 'Medium' relevance following full text screening, was appraised using the AMSTAR-2 quality appraisal tool. All data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second, with disagreements being settled through discussion. Summary data for all eligible systematic reviews were tabulated and described narratively. The data extracted from reviews of 'High' and 'Medium' relevance was imported into EPPI-Mapper software to create an EGM. Stakeholder Involvement We worked alongside commissioners and policy makers from the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) and Department of Work and Pensions (DWP), OH personnel, and people with lived experience of accessing OH services themselves and/or supporting employees to access OH services. Individuals contributed to decision making at all stages of the project. This ensured our EGM reflects the needs of individuals who will use it. Main Results We identified 98 systematic reviews that contained relevant interventions, which involved a variety of professionals and workplaces, and which measured effectiveness in terms of return to work (RTW). Of these, we focused on the 30 reviews where the population and intervention characteristics within the systematic reviews were considered to be of high or medium relevance to our research questions. The 30 reviews were of varying quality, split evenly between High/Moderate quality and Low/Critically-Low quality ratings. We did not identify any relevant systematic review evidence on any other work-related outcome of interest. Interventions were heterogenous, both within and across included systematic reviews. The EGM is structured according to the health condition experienced by participants, and the effectiveness of the interventions being evaluated, as reported within the included systematic reviews. It is possible to view (i) the quality and quantity of systematic review evidence for a given health condition, (ii) how review authors assessed the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of the interventions evaluated. The EGM also details the primary studies relevant to our research aim included within each review. Authors’ Conclusions This EGM map highlights the array of systematic review evidence that exists in relation to the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of multi-disciplinary, workplace-based OH interventions in supporting RTW. This evidence will allow policy makers and commissioners of services to determine which OH interventions may be most useful for supporting different population groups in different contexts. OH professionals may find the content of the EGM useful in identifying systematic review evidence to support their practice. The EGM also identifies where systematic review evidence in this area is lacking, or where existing evidence is of poor quality. These may represent areas where it may be particularly useful to conduct further systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shaw
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Michael Nunns
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Stuart G. Spicer
- NIHR Applied Research CollaborationUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | - Hassanat Lawal
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Simon Briscoe
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - G. J. Melendez‐Torres
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Ruth Garside
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Kristin Liabo
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Jo Thompson Coon
- Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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Standal MI, Foldal VS, Aasdahl L, Fors EA, Solbjør M. Getting an outsider's perspective - sick-listed workers' experiences with early follow-up sessions in the return to work process: a qualitative interview study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:609. [PMID: 38724997 PMCID: PMC11080128 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore how early follow-up sessions (after 14 and 16 weeks of sick leave) with social insurance caseworkers was experienced by sick-listed workers, and how these sessions influenced their return-to-work process. METHODS A qualitative interview study with sick-listed workers who completed two early follow-up sessions with caseworkers from the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV). Twenty-six individuals aged 30 to 60 years with a sick leave status of 50-100% participated in semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants' experiences of the early follow-up sessions could be categorized into three themes: (1) Getting an outsider's perspective, (2) enhanced understanding of the framework for long term sick-leave, and (3) the empathic and personal face of the social insurance system. Meeting a caseworker enabled an outsider perspective that promoted critical reflection and calibration of their thoughts. This was experienced as a useful addition to the support many received from their informal network, such as friends, family, and co-workers. The meetings also enabled a greater understanding of their rights and duties, possibilities, and limitations regarding welfare benefits, while also displaying an unexpected empathic and understanding perspective from those working in the social insurance system. CONCLUSION For sick-listed individuals, receiving an early follow-up session from social insurance caseworkers was a positive experience that enhanced their understanding of their situation, and promoted reflection towards RTW. Thus, from the perspective of the sick-listed workers, early sessions with social insurance caseworkers could be a useful addition to the overall sickness absence follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Inge Standal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- NTNU Social Research, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Vegard Stolsmo Foldal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lene Aasdahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
| | - Egil A Fors
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Solbjør
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Kersten A, van Woerkom M, Geuskens GA, Blonk RWB. The Relationship Between Strategic Human Resource Management Practices and the Employment of Vulnerable Workers: A Two-Wave Study Among Employers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10197-9. [PMID: 38704435 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the inclusion of vulnerable workers in the labor market, employer behavior is key. However, little is known about the effectiveness of strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that employers use to employ vulnerable workers. Therefore, this exploratory study investigates the association between strategic HRM practices (based on social legitimacy, economic rationality and employee well-being) and the actual and intended employment of vulnerable workers in the future. METHODS In total, 438 organizations included in the Netherlands Employers Work Survey participated in a two-wave study with a nine-month follow-up period. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between strategic HRM practices (T0) with the employment of vulnerable workers (T1) and intentions to hire vulnerable workers (T1), while controlling for organizational size, sector, and employment of vulnerable workers at baseline. RESULTS Employers who applied strategic HRM practices based on social legitimacy (e.g., inclusive mission statement or inclusive recruitment) or economic rationality (e.g., making use of reimbursements, trial placements, or subsidies) at T0 were more likely to employ vulnerable workers and to intend to hire additional vulnerable workers at T1. No significant results were found for practices related to employee well-being. CONCLUSION Since different types of strategic HRM practices contribute to the inclusion of vulnerable workers, employers can build on their strategic priorities and strengths to create inclusive HRM approaches. Future research is needed to study whether these strategic HRM domains also relate to sustainable employment of vulnerable workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kersten
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Healthy Living, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne van Woerkom
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Goedele A Geuskens
- Healthy Living, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W B Blonk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Jansen J, Brouwer S, Alma MA, Boot CRL. Experiences of workers with long-term disabilities on employer support throughout the RTW process in The Netherlands: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38660937 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2343823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this qualitative study was to explore ways that employer support influenced successful return to work (RTW) in workers with disabilities. METHODS We conducted a semi-structured interview study among 27 workers with disabilities in the Netherlands who received a partial disability benefit two years after sick leave and who continued working in paid (part-time) employment after a period of long-term sickness absence (> 2 years). We analyzed data by means of thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified four types of employer support that were experienced as factors of successful RTW: 1. Supervisor accessibility; 2. Supervisor engagement; 3. Supervisor strategies; and 4. Supervisor-initiated work accommodations. More specifically, during the preparations for RTW phase, the supervisor's active role involved having a positive and open attitude toward facilitating RTW; during the initial RTW phase, the supervisor's role involved being creative in finding solutions for work accommodations; and during the sustained RTW phase, the supervisor's role included helping workers who still needed changes in their work situations. CONCLUSION The elements of successful employer support reveals that the pressure on the shoulders of the supervisor is high. Future research should further investigate whether supervisors need more phase-specific training from their organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Jansen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Health, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Health, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manna A Alma
- Department of Health Sciences, Applied Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Societal participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bolvig I, Rangvid BS. Investigating municipal and company influences on employment of people with chronic health conditions. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:193-204. [PMID: 36718021 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231151463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In many countries, people with chronic health conditions have a weaker attachment to the labour market and fewer chances of re-employment. Much of the existing literature estimates the importance of institutional factors at the level of the municipality of residence or employer accommodation at the company level individually. This study examined the two levels simultaneously to disentangle the separate effects of municipal-level and of company-level factors. METHODS Using full population data from Denmark, we estimated cross-classified multilevel models for people newly diagnosed with chronic conditions in 2010-2013 (more than 60,000 individuals in 20,000 companies). We tracked their employment outcomes for up to 5 years after diagnosis. RESULTS The findings suggest that, in the short term, factors at the company level explain differences in the employment levels of individuals with chronic conditions more than institutional factors at the municipal level. A combination of average wage, company-level seniority, company size, and industry seem to explain much of company-level influence. In the longer term, the importance of company-level factors seemed to decline. Company-level factors explained blue collar workers' employment rates better than those of white collar workers, which is in line with the notion that blue collar workers expend more physical effort in their work so that they may be more reliant on company accommodation than white collar workers in the case of chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Company-level factors affected the employment of persons newly diagnosed with chronic health conditions in the short term (in particular among workers in blue collar jobs), while municipal-level factors did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Bolvig
- VIVE - The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark
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12
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Teborg S, Hünefeld L, Gerdes TS. Exploring the working conditions of disabled employees: a scoping review. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:2. [PMID: 38291467 PMCID: PMC10826256 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disabled people are often overlooked in considerations about work design, which contributes to their exclusion from the labor market. This issue also reflects within research, as the body of knowledge on the working conditions of disabled employees remains relatively limited. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to assess the research landscape concerning the working conditions of disabled employees. Five databases have been searched, focusing on relevant studies published between 2017 and 2022. RESULTS One hundred fourteen studies were included in the review. It was found that social aspects of work appeared within a substantial portion of the examined studies. Furthermore, it became evident that the interplay of accessibility and flexibility provides an important dynamic to make work design both inclusive and feasible. CONCLUSION The recurrent prominence of social aspects, accessibility, and flexibility across the studies shows common challenges and potentials within the work situation of disabled employees. This suggests avenues for future research and inclusive work design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Teborg
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 1.2 Monitoring Working Conditions, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Lena Hünefeld
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 1.2 Monitoring Working Conditions, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tomke S Gerdes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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Cao S. Examining information systems use to facilitate the workplace accommodation process. Work 2024; 77:933-947. [PMID: 37807797 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace accommodation process is often affected by ineffective and inefficient communications and information exchanges among disabled employees and other stakeholders. Information systems (IS) can play a key role in facilitating a more effective and efficient accommodation process since IS has been shown to facilitate business processes and effect positive organizational changes. OBJECTIVE Since there is little to no research that exists on IS use to facilitate the workplace accommodation process, this paper, as a critical first step, examines how IS have been used in the accommodation process. METHODS Thirty-six interviews were conducted with disabled employees from various organizations. Open, axial, and selective coding were part of the analysis. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was used to identify different levels of IS use based on participants' descriptions. RESULTS An IS used in the workplace accommodation process consists of electronic request form, accommodation checklist, special budget, specific role, ancillary service, formal policy and procedure. There are different levels of IS use in the current accommodation process. The high-level IS use often results in a better accommodation performance than the low-level IS use, including high efficiency, high effectiveness, and low emotional tolls. Nevertheless, the high-level IS use often uses a specific, inflexible template as well as disregards human elements in the accommodation process. CONCLUSION This work provides implications that future IS design should raise awareness of disability and accommodation, account for individual differences, involve multiple stakeholder inputs, as well as address the fundamental social issues in the accommodation process.
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Aili K, Svartengren M, Danielsson K, Johansson E, Hellman T. Active engagement of managers in employee RTW and manager-employee relationship: managers' experiences of participating in a dialogue using the Demand and Ability Protocol. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:4394-4403. [PMID: 36453588 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe how managers of employees on sick-leave, due to chronic pain conditions, experience participating in a three-party meeting using the Demand and Ability Protocol (DAP) in the return-to-work process. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is based on individual semi-structured interviews with 17 managers of employees with chronic pain. Interviews were conducted after participating in a three-party meeting including the employee, manager, and a representative from the rehabilitation team. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach. RESULTS Two main themes were identified - "to converse with a clear structure and setup" and "to be involved in the employee's rehabilitation." The first theme describe experiences from the conversation, and the second theme reflected the managers' insights when being involved in the employee's rehabilitation. The themes comprise 11 sub-themes describing how the DAP conversation and the manager's involvement in the rehabilitation may influence the manager, the manager-employee relationship, and the organization. CONCLUSIONS This study show, from a manager's perspective, how having a dialogue with a clear structure and an active involvement in the employee's rehabilitation may be beneficial for the manager-employee relationship. Insights from participating in the DAP may also be beneficial for the organization.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONA structured dialogue between the employee, employer, and rehabilitation supports the return to work (RTW) processA structured dialogue and collaboration may strengthen the relationship between the manager and employeeAn active engagement of managers in the employeès RTW process is beneficial for the manager-employee relationship, and for the organisationHealthcare professionals should collaborate with the workplace to promote participation of managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Aili
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Health and Sport, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Danielsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Central Hospital in Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Therese Hellman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cillekens B, Mollet JM, Smit RA, Kuijer PPFM, Coenen P. 'Wait…, let me tell you, if I worked for a boss, I would be on sick leave': A Qualitative Study of Self-Employed Workers in Physically Demanding Jobs in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023:10.1007/s10926-023-10153-z. [PMID: 38032487 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of self-employed workers with a physically demanding job on work participation. METHODS We interviewed self-employed workers with a physically demanding job, using semi-structured interviews, which were audio recorded. The main topic addressed was the workers' health in relation with their work participation, work demands, and preventive measures. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by three team members of the research team in several steps. We used the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist to report our findings. RESULTS We interviewed 18 self-employed workers: 83% male, 49 years (SD 7), self-employed for 18 years (SD 9) and the majority (n = 14) worked in the construction sector. Thematic analysis revealed facilitators and barriers for work participation across three main themes: personal factors, work factors, and healthcare. Personal factors compassed sub-themes such as health and financial consequences. Work factors included sub-themes related to work demands and adaptations and healthcare encompassed sub-themes associated with work-related care and medication. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study that investigated the perspectives of self-employed workers in physically demanding jobs regarding work participation. While most facilitators and barriers were consistent with those described in the literature for employees, certain factors, such as financial consequences of ceasing work, emerged important factors for work participation among self-employed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cillekens
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation and Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Mollet
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation and Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rixt A Smit
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Paul F M Kuijer
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation and Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Societal Participation and Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Svanholm F, Turesson C, Löfgren M, Björk M. Acceptability of the eHealth Intervention Sustainable Worker Digital Support for Persons With Chronic Pain and Their Employers (SWEPPE): Questionnaire and Interview Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e46878. [PMID: 37768708 PMCID: PMC10570892 DOI: 10.2196/46878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sick leave and decreased ability to work are the consequences of chronic pain. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs) aim to improve health-related quality of life and participation in work activities, although implementing rehabilitation strategies at work after IPRPs can be difficult. Employers' knowledge about pain and the role of rehabilitation needs to be strengthened. The self-management of chronic pain can be improved through eHealth interventions. However, these interventions do not involve communicating with employers to improve work participation. To address this deficiency, a new eHealth intervention, Sustainable Worker Digital Support for Persons with Chronic Pain and Their Employers (SWEPPE), was developed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the acceptability of SWEPPE after IPRPs from the perspective of patients with chronic pain and their employers. METHODS This study included 11 patients and 4 employers who were recruited to test SWEPPE in daily life for 3 months after IPRPs. Data were collected using individual interviews at the end of the 3-month test period and questionnaires, which were completed when SWEPPE was introduced (questionnaire 1) and at a 3-month follow-up (questionnaire 2). Data were also collected on how often SWEPPE was used. Qualitative data were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis using an abductive approach. The framework used for the deductive approach was the theoretical framework of acceptability. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the differences between the responses to questionnaires 1 and questionnaire 2 using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Both patients and employers reported that SWEPPE increased their knowledge and understanding of how to improve work participation and helped them identify goals, barriers, and strategies for return to work. In addition, participants noted that SWEPPE improved employer-employee communication and collaboration. However, experiences and ratings varied among participants and the different SWEPPE modules. The acceptability of SWEPPE was lower in patients who experienced significant pain and fatigue. A high degree of flexibility and choice of ratings in SWEPPE were generally described as helpful. CONCLUSIONS This study shows promising results on the user acceptability of SWEPPE from both patient and employer perspectives. However, the variations among patients and modules indicate a need for further testing and research to refine the content and identify the group of patients who will best benefit from SWEPPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Svanholm
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christina Turesson
- Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Björk
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Hammer L, Ingebrigtsen T, Gulati S, Hara S, Nygaard Ø, Hara KW, Solberg T. Prospects of returning to work after lumbar spine surgery for patients considering disability pension: a nationwide study based on data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:447-454. [PMID: 37423749 PMCID: PMC10423536 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the odds for not returning to work (non-RTW) 1 year after treatment among patients who had applied for or were planning to apply for disability pension (DP-applicant) prior to an operation for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine. METHODS This population-based cohort study from the Norwegian Registry for Spine surgery included 26 688 cases operated for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine from 2009 to 2020. The primary outcome was RTW (yes/no). Secondary patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Rating Scales for back and leg pain, EuroQoL five-dimension and the Global Perceived Effect Scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate associations between being a DP-applicant prior to surgery (exposure), possible confounders (modifiers) at baseline and RTW 12 months after surgery (outcome). RESULTS The RTW ratio for DP-applicants was 23.1% (having applied: 26.5%, planning to apply 21.1%), compared with 78.6% among non-applicants. All secondary PROMs were more favourable among non-applicants. After adjusting for all significant confounders (low expectations and pessimism related to working capability, not feeling wanted by the employer and physically demanding work), DP-applicants with under 12 months preoperative sick leave had 3.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 8.0) higher odds than non-applicants for non-RTW 12 months after surgery. The subgroup having applied for disability pension had the strongest impact on this association. CONCLUSION Less than a quarter of the DP-applicants returned to work 12 months after surgery. This association remained strong, also when adjusted for the confounders as well as other covariates related RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovise Hammer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromso, Norway
| | - Tor Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sozaburo Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Nygaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karen Walseth Hara
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Solberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Kersten A, van Woerkom M, Geuskens GA, Blonk RWB. Organisational Policies and Practices for the Inclusion of Vulnerable Workers: A Scoping Review of the Employer's Perspective. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:245-266. [PMID: 36083361 PMCID: PMC9461424 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Current models of inclusive workplaces are primarily based on the perceptions of vulnerable workers, whereas attention for employer's perceptions is lacking. This scoping review addresses this issue by mapping the literature that covers employer's perceptions on the application and importance of organisational policies and practices aimed at the inclusion of vulnerable workers. Methods A literature search for qualitative and quantitative research articles was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, PsychInfo, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Studies were included when (a) they reported on practices aimed at the inclusion, participation, or rehabilitation of (b) workers with disabilities, a low education or migration background, or who were long-term unemployed, and (c) were based on samples of employers or their representatives. Results The search resulted in 3,134 articles. In total, 38 articles met the inclusion criteria of this study. We identified seven types of inclusive practices to stimulate the inclusion of vulnerable workers that employers applied and/or perceived as valuable: senior management commitment, recruitment and selection, performance management and development practices, job accommodations and redesign of work, supportive culture, external collaborations with other employers, and monitoring. Conclusions Our review identified seven categories of inclusive practices that pertain to all stages of the employee journey of vulnerable workers. These categories move beyond those reported in studies based on employee samples, for instance by highlighting the importance of monitoring and collaborations with other employers. Hence, our findings stress that insight into employers' perceptions about effective measures is crucial to increase labour market participation of vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kersten
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Healthy Living, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M van Woerkom
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Center of Excellence for Positive Organisational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Geuskens
- Healthy Living, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R W B Blonk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Healthy Living, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Velvin G, Dammann B, Haagensen T, Johansen H, Strømme H, Geirdal AØ, Bathen T. Work participation in adults with rare genetic diseases - a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:910. [PMID: 37208707 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work participation is a crucial aspect of health outcome and an important part of life for most people with rare genetic diseases. Despite that work participation is a social determinant of health and seems necessary for understanding health behaviours and quality of life, it is an under-researched and under-recognized aspect in many rare diseases. The objectives of this study was to map and describe existing research on work participation, identify research gaps, and point to research agendas in a selection of rare genetic diseases. METHODS A scoping review was performed by searching relevant literature in bibliographic databases and other sources. Studies addressing work participation in people with rare genetic diseases published in peer reviewed journals were assessed using EndNote and Rayyan. Data were mapped and extracted based on the research questions concerning the characteristics of the research. RESULTS Of 19,867 search results, 571 articles were read in full text, and 141 satisfied the eligibility criteria covering 33 different rare genetic diseases; 7 were reviews and 134 primary research articles. In 21% of the articles the primary aim was to investigate work participation. The extent of studies varied between the different diseases. Two diseases had more than 20 articles, but most had only one or two articles. Cross-sectional quantitative studies were predominant, with few utilizing prospective or qualitative design. Nearly all articles (96%) reported information about work participation rate, and 45% also included information about factors associated with work participation and work disability. Due to differences in methodologies, cultures and respondents, comparison between and within diseases are difficult. Nevertheless, studies indicated that many people with different rare genetic diseases experience challenges related to work, closely associated to the symptoms of the disease. CONCLUSION While studies indicate high prevalence of work disability in many patients with rare diseases, the research is scarce and fragmented. More research is warranted. Information about the unique challenges of living with different rare diseases is crucial for health and welfare systems to better facilitate work participation. In addition, the changing nature of work in the digital age, may also open up new possibilities for people with rare genetic diseases and should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Velvin
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Oslo, 1450, Norway.
| | - Brede Dammann
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Oslo, 1450, Norway
| | - Trond Haagensen
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Oslo, 1450, Norway
| | - Heidi Johansen
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Oslo, 1450, Norway
| | - Hilde Strømme
- Library of Medicine and Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy Østertun Geirdal
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Faculty of Social Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Bathen
- TRS National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Oslo, 1450, Norway
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Jansen J, Snippen N, Koning P, Boot C, van Ooijen R, Brouwer S. Discrepancies between workers with disabilities and their supervisors in reported work accommodations and associations with return to work. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:525. [PMID: 36934226 PMCID: PMC10024848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were: (1) to explore the frequency of discrepancies in work accommodations reported by workers and their supervisors, and (2) to investigate whether these discrepancies are associated with full return to work (RTW). METHODS We used data from a longitudinal survey study of long-term sick-listed workers and their supervisors (n = 406). Discrepancies in reports on implementing eight types of work accommodations were explored. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test associations between discrepancies in reported work accommodations and odds of full RTW 27 months after the sick-leave onset. RESULTS Discrepancies were the lowest for the work accommodation therapeutic RTW (53%) and the highest (85%) for job training or education and reimbursement of therapy or treatment. Four out of eight types of work accommodations were more often reported by workers than by their supervisors. Only a discrepancy on a job reassignment within the organization was associated with lower odds of full RTW (OR 0.56, 95%-CI 0.36-0.88). CONCLUSION We found substantial discrepancies in the reported implementation of work accommodations between workers and their supervisors. Future research should focus on disentangling mechanisms that lead to discrepancies to avoid inefficiencies in the RTW process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Jansen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Snippen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Koning
- Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Societal participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raun van Ooijen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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Hetzel C, Leinberger S, Kaluscha R, Kranzmann A, Schmidt N, Mitschele A. Return to work after medical rehabilitation in Germany: influence of individual factors and regional labour market based on administrative data. JOURNAL FOR LABOUR MARKET RESEARCH 2023; 57:4. [PMID: 36711186 PMCID: PMC9864500 DOI: 10.1186/s12651-023-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of both individual factors and, in particular, the regional labour market on the return to work after medical rehabilitation is to be analyzed based on comprehensive administrative data from the German Pension Insurance and Employment Agencies. METHOD For rehabilitation in 2016, pre- and post-rehabilitation employment was determined from German Pension Insurance data for 305,980 patients in 589 orthopaedic rehabilitation departments and 117,386 patients in 202 psychosomatic rehabilitation departments. Labour market data was linked to the district of residence and categorized into 257 labour market regions. RTW was operationalized as the number of employment days in the calendar year after medical rehabilitation. Predictors are individual data (socio-demographics, rehabilitation biography, employment biography) and contextual data (regional unemployment rate, rehabilitation department level: percentage of patients employed before). The estimation method used was fractional logit regression in a cross-classified multilevel model. RESULTS The effect of the regional unemployment rate on RTW is significant yet small. It is even smaller (orthopaedics) or not significant (psychosomatics) when individual employment biographies (i.e., pre-rehabilitation employment status) are inserted into the model as the most important predictors. The interaction with pre-rehabilitation employment status is not substantial. CONCLUSIONS Database and methods are of high quality, however due to the nonexperimental design, omitted variables could lead to bias and limit causal interpretation. The influence of the labour market on RTW is small and proxied to a large extent by individual employment biographies. However, if no (valid) employment biographies are available, the labour market should be included in RTW analyses. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12651-023-00330-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hetzel
- Institute for Quality Assurance in Prevention and Rehabilitation at the German Sport University in Cologne, Eupener Str. 70, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Leinberger
- Institute for Research in Rehabilitation Medicine at Ulm University, Bad Buchau, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaluscha
- Institute for Research in Rehabilitation Medicine at Ulm University, Bad Buchau, Germany
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Finger ME, Karcz K, Schiffmann B, Staubli S, Hund-Georgiadis M, Escorpizo R. Factors influencing sustainable employment of persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) or spinal cord injury (SCI): A qualitative study evaluating the perspective of health and work professionals. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 3:906567. [PMID: 36743836 PMCID: PMC9895944 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.906567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The number of persons with acquired brain injury (ABI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) who leave the labor market early despite successfully return to work post-injury, demonstrates the challenge for them to remain employed. Evidence on how enabling and hindering factors influence daily work across the lifespan and how they affect employment-related services is scarce. Professionals directly involved in work integration can add to this evidence through their experiential knowledge. Purpose To identify and explore the factors that enable or hinder sustainable employment for persons with ABI or SCI from the perspective of health and work professionals. Methods We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with professionals in Switzerland, directly involved in work reintegration and retention of persons with ABI or SCI. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results Participants identified three main themes related to the concept of "sustainable employment". First, the value and impact of initial work integration; an early, multidisciplinary, person-centered work integration, with the early involvement of employers is ideal. A good match between the worker and the workplace is sought. Second, critical factors for long-term sustainable work: the main risks for persons with ABI are changing supervisors, workplace restructuring and the introduction of new technologies, while deteriorating health and the occurrence of secondary health problems are the greatest risk for persons with SCI. Third, the relevance of knowledge, experience and attitudes of professionals; Knowledge of the consequences of an ABI or SCI, the legal basis and the social security process, and the attitude of professionals towards the injured worker were considered important. Conclusions From the professional's perspective, enabling and hindering factors for sustainable employment in the long-term are fundamentally very similar for persons with ABI and SCI. But different physical, mental and neuropsychological effects call for individually adapted measures. While persons with SCI primarily require ongoing medical care, conscious management of changes in the workplace is critical for persons with ABI. For both groups, an easily accessible counseling and support service should be established for work-threatening problems in the long-term. Furthermore, diagnosis-specific training programs for professionals of employment-related services and disability management should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Finger
- Work and Integration Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland,Correspondence: Monika E. Finger
| | - Katarzyna Karcz
- Work and Integration Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schiffmann
- Work and Integration Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Staubli
- Department of vocational Integration (ParaWork), Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Reuben Escorpizo
- Work and Integration Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Aili K, Hellman T, Svartengren M, Danielsson K. Including a Three-Party Meeting Using the Demand and Ability Protocol in an Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Programme for a Successful Return to Work Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16614. [PMID: 36554495 PMCID: PMC9778674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Demand and Ability Protocol (DAP) is used in three-party meetings involving an employee, an employer, and a representative from the rehabilitation team. The aim of this study is to investigate the inclusion of an intervention using the DAP in an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programme (IPRP) compared to usual care. This non-randomised controlled trial included patients assigned to an IPRP in Sweden. The intervention group received a DAP intervention targeting their work situation in addition to the usual care provided by the IPRP. The control group received IPRP only. Outcome measures were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. Results demonstrated improvements in both groups regarding self-reported anxiety, depression and EQ5D. Sleep was improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. No statistical differences in outcomes were observed between the groups. In conclusion, adding the DAP intervention to IPRP seemed to have the potential to improve sleep among the patients, which may indicate an overall improvement regarding health outcomes from a longer perspective. The results were less clear, however, regarding the work-related outcomes of sickness absence and workability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Aili
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Health and Sport, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Therese Hellman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Danielsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Fukuura Y, Shigematsu Y, Mizuochi Y, Kakuma T. Assessing Continued Employability among People with Mental Illnesses: Development of a Scale in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14786. [PMID: 36429523 PMCID: PMC9690244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continued employment enables people with mental illnesses to maintain and improve their mental health, and its mutual understanding between them and their workplaces can help provide specific support and improve the work environment. Hence, this study developed a Continued Employability Scale to provide people with mental illnesses solutions for achieving continued employment and examined the scale's reliability and validity. It is based on a conceptual analysis of the skills necessary for continued employment and comprises items related to continued employability and the consequences of continued employment. We performed conceptual analyses to prepare the item list, conducted the study using a questionnaire survey, and examined its content validity and reliability using factor analyses. The results showed that the developed scale, which can determine self-management, dedication to work, environmental adjustments, and expression of sincerity necessary for continued employment, was reliable and valid. This can be a potentially helpful tool for assessing the ability to continue working and help people with mental illnesses visualise their continued employability, clarify what is being assessed, and improve the self-management ability necessary for continued employment. Further, it can help people who support them at work and enable existing support and programs to function effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Fukuura
- Department of Nursing, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, 777-1 Higashikushiharamachi, Kurume-shi 830-0003, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukako Shigematsu
- School of Nursing, Kurume University, 777-1 Higashikushiharamachi, Kurume-shi 830-0003, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yumi Mizuochi
- Department of Nursing, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, 777-1 Higashikushiharamachi, Kurume-shi 830-0003, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- The Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, 777-1 Higashikushiharamachi, Kurume-shi 830-0003, Fukuoka, Japan
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Munsell EGS, Kudla A, Su H, Wong J, Crown D, Capraro P, Trierweiler R, Park M, Heinemann AW. Employers’ Perceptions of Challenges and Strategies in Hiring, Retaining, and Promoting Employees With Physical Disabilities. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552221130304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disability is a common component of human diversity, yet people with disabilities (PWD) are underrepresented in the workplace despite known benefits to PWD and companies alike. There is an urgent need to promote inclusion of PWD in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to explore employer-perceived challenges and strategies for employing, retaining, and promoting people with physical disabilities (PWPD) and to describe the policies, supports, and job accommodations they provide to PWPD. We administered a cross-sectional, online survey to employers in the Midwestern United States ( n = 53). Employers had an average of 8.5 years of experience in their job roles and represented diverse industries and company sizes. Employers provide a range of job accommodations; however, many reported lacking comprehensive disability policies such as training managers on how to support PWPD, providing employee resource groups for PWPD, and having a specific job accommodation fund. Major challenges reported by employers were related to lacking competencies in supporting employees with physical disabilities. However, employers endorsed the utility of strategies to address these challenges, including providing education and training and increasing buy-in from leadership. Study findings inform employers on ways to best support PWPD and improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han Su
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasin Wong
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City
| | | | | | | | | | - Allen W. Heinemann
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jansen J, Boot CRL, Alma MA, Brouwer S. Exploring Employer Perspectives on Their Supportive Role in Accommodating Workers with Disabilities to Promote Sustainable RTW: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:1-12. [PMID: 35166974 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-10019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Employers play an important role in facilitating sustainable return to work (RTW) by workers with disabilities. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how employers who were successful in retaining workers with disabilities at work fulfilled their supportive role, and which facilitators were essential to support these workers throughout the RTW process. METHODS We conducted a semi-structured interview study among 27 employers who had experience in retaining workers with disabilities within their organization. We explored the different phases of RTW, from the onset of sick leave until the period, after 2-years of sick-leave, and when they can apply for disability benefit. We analyzed data by means of thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified three types of employer support: (1) instrumental (offering work accommodations), (2) emotional (encouragement, empathy, understanding) and (3) informational (providing information, setting boundaries). We identified three facilitators of employer support (at organizational and supervisor levels): (1) good collaboration, including (in)formal contact and (in)formal networks; (2) employer characteristics, including supportive organizational culture and leadership skills; and (3) worker characteristics, including flexibility and self-control. CONCLUSIONS Employers described three different possible types of support for the worker with disabilities: instrumental, emotional, and informational. The type and intensity of employer support varies during the different phases, which is a finding that should be further investigated. Good collaboration and flexibility of both employer and worker were reported as facilitators of optimal supervisor/worker interaction during the RTW process, which may show that sick-listed workers and their supervisors have a joint responsibility for the RTW process. More insight is needed on how this supervisor/worker interaction develops during the RTW process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jansen
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - C R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Alma
- Department of Health Sciences, Applied Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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