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Tang Q, Zhang HL, Wang Y, Liu J, Yang SP, Liu JG. Mitochondria-targeted carbon monoxide delivery combined with singlet oxygen production from a single nanoplatform under 808 nm light irradiation for synergistic anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4241-4248. [PMID: 34008693 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanoplatform (1), MnCO@TPP@C-TiO2, which consists of a carrier of carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with surface covalent functionalization of manganese carbonyls and a directing group of triphenylphosphine, was prepared for mitochondria-targeted carbon monoxide (CO) delivery combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT). MnCO@TPP@C-TiO2 selectively localized in the mitochondria of HeLa cells where the overexpressed-H2O2 triggered CO release resulting in mitochondrial damage. And singlet oxygen species generated upon 808 nm near infrared light irradiation further destroyed the mitochondria and induced cancer cells apoptosis. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the nanoplatform with mitochondria-targeted CO delivery and PDT exhibited the highest lethality against cancer cells in comparison with all the other control samples tested, and it showed good dark biocompatibility with normal cells that express low H2O2 levels. This work may provide new insights into combining CO-based gas therapy with traditional PDT for efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shi-Ping Yang
- Key Lab of Resource Chemistry of MOE & Shanghai Key Lab of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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Wang J, Yeung BZ, Wientjes MG, Cui M, Peer CJ, Lu Z, Figg WD, Woo S, Au JLS. A Quantitative Pharmacology Model of Exosome-Mediated Drug Efflux and Perturbation-Induced Synergy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070997. [PMID: 34209265 PMCID: PMC8308960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, naturally occurring vesicles secreted by cells, are undergoing development as drug carriers. We used experimental and computational studies to investigate the kinetics of intracellular exosome processing and exosome-mediated drug efflux and the effects of exosome inhibition. The experiments used four human-breast or ovarian cancer cells, a cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PTX), two exosome inhibitors (omeprazole (OME), which inhibits exosome release, and GW4869 (GW), which inhibits synthesis of sphingolipid ceramide required for exosome formation), LC-MS/MS analysis of PTX levels in exosomes, and confocal microscopic study of endocytic transport (monitored using fluorescent nanoparticles and endocytic organelle markers). In all four cells, exosome production was enhanced by PTX but diminished by OME or GW (p < 0.05); the PTX enhancement was completely reversed by OME or GW. Co-treatment with OME or GW simultaneously reduced PTX amount in exosomes and increased PTX amount and cytotoxicity in exosome-donor cells (corresponding to >2-fold synergy as indicated by curve shift and uncertainty envelope analyses). This synergy is consistent with the previous reports that OME co-administration significantly enhances the taxane activity in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with triple negative metastatic breast cancer. The experimental results were used to develop a quantitative pharmacology model; model simulations revealed the different effects of the two exosome inhibitors on intracellular PTX processing and subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.W.); (B.Z.Y.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
| | - Bertrand Z. Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.W.); (B.Z.Y.); (M.C.)
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
| | - M. Guillaume Wientjes
- Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
| | - Minjian Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.W.); (B.Z.Y.); (M.C.)
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
| | - Cody J. Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.J.P.); (W.D.F.)
| | - Ze Lu
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.J.P.); (W.D.F.)
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.W.); (B.Z.Y.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.L.-S.A.)
| | - Jessie L.-S. Au
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (J.W.); (B.Z.Y.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA;
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.L.-S.A.)
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Subramaniyan B, Rajaputra P, Nguyen L, Li M, Peer CJ, Kindrick J, Figg WD, Woo S, You Y. Local and Systemic Antitumor Effects of Photo-activatable Paclitaxel Prodrug on Rat Breast Tumor Models. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:668-679. [PMID: 31883393 PMCID: PMC8043141 DOI: 10.1111/php.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that a large primary and a small untreated distant breast cancer could be controlled by local treatment with our light-activatable paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug. We hypothesized that the treated tumor would be damaged by the combinational effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and locally released PTX and that the distant tumor would be suppressed by systemic antitumor effects. Syngeneic rat breast cancer models (single- and two-tumor models) were established on Fischer 344 rats by subcutaneous injection of MAT B III cells. The rats were injected with PTX prodrug (dose: 1 umole kg-1 , i.v.), and tumors were treated with illumination using a 690-nm laser (75 or 140 mW cm-1 for 30 min, cylindrical light diffuser, drug-light interval [DLI] 9 h). Larger tumors (~16 mm) were effectively ablated (100%) without recurrence for >90 days. All cured rats rejected rechallenged tumor for up to 12 months. In the two-tumor model, the treatment of the local large tumor (~16 mm) also cured the untreated tumor (4-6 mm) through adaptive immune activation. This is our first demonstration that local treatment with our PTX prodrug produces systemic antitumor effects. Further investigations are warranted to understand mechanisms and optimal conditions to achieve clinically translatable systemic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Pallavi Rajaputra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Cody J. Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jessica Kindrick
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Nguyen L, Li M, Woo S, You Y. Development of Prodrugs for PDT-Based Combination Therapy Using a Singlet-Oxygen-Sensitive Linker and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122198. [PMID: 31847080 PMCID: PMC6947033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an effective treatment for certain types of solid tumors. The combination of PDT with other therapies has been extensively investigated in recent years to improve its effectiveness and expand its applications. This focused review summarizes the development of a prodrug system in which anticancer drugs are activated locally at tumor sites during PDT treatment. The development of a singlet-oxygen-sensitive linker that can be conveniently conjugated to various drugs and efficiently cleaved to release intact drugs is recapitulated. The initial design of prodrugs, preliminary efficacy evaluation, pharmacokinetics study, and optimization using quantitative systems pharmacology is discussed. Current treatment optimization in animal models using physiologically based a pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.N.); (M.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-645-4843
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Peiró Cadahía J, Previtali V, Troelsen NS, Clausen MH. Prodrug strategies for targeted therapy triggered by reactive oxygen species. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1531-1549. [PMID: 31673314 PMCID: PMC6786010 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions including cancer and inflammation and the ROS stimulus constitutes a potential trigger for drug delivery strategies. Over the past decade, a number of ROS-sensitive functionalities have been identified with the purpose of introducing disease-targeting properties into small molecule drugs - a prodrug strategy that offers a promising approach for increasing the selectivity and efficacy of treatments. This review will provide an overview of the ROS-responsive prodrugs developed to date. A discussion on the current progress and limitations is provided along with a reflection on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed in order to advance this novel approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Nikolaj S Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics , Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 207 , DK 2800 , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark .
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Li M, Nguyen L, Subramaniyan B, Bio M, Peer CJ, Kindrick J, Figg WD, Woo S, You Y. PBPK modeling-based optimization of site-specific chemo-photodynamic therapy with far-red light-activatable paclitaxel prodrug. J Control Release 2019; 308:86-97. [PMID: 31299262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality to treat certain types of cancers. However, incomplete ablation of tumor is a challenge. Visible and near IR-activatable prodrug, exhibiting the combined effects of PDT and local chemotherapy, showed better efficacy than PDT alone, without systemic side effects. Site-specifically released chemotherapeutic drugs killed cancer cells surviving from rapid PDT damage via bystander effects. Recently, we developed such a paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug that targets folate receptors. The goals of this study were to determine the optimal treatment conditions, based on modeling, for maximum antitumor efficacy in terms of drug-light interval (DLI), and to investigate the impact of rapid PDT effects on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of the released PTX. PK profiles of the prodrug were determined in key organs and a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model was established to simulate PK profiles of the prodrug and the released PTX. Three illumination time points (DLI = 0.5, 9, or 48 h) were selected for the treatment based on the plasma/tumor ratio of the prodrug to achieve V-PDT (vascular targeted-PDT, 0.5 h), C-PDT (cellular targeted-PDT, 48 h), or both V- and C-PDT (9 h). The anti-tumor efficacy of the PTX prodrug was greatly influenced by the DLI. The 9 h DLI group, when both tumor and plasma concentrations of the prodrug were sufficient, showed the best antitumor effect. The clearance of the released PTX from tumor seemed to be largely impacted by blood circulation. Here, QSP modeling was an invaluable tool for rational optimization of the treatment conditions and for a deeper mechanistic understanding of the positive physiological effect of the combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA
| | - Luong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA
| | - Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA
| | - Moses Bio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Kindrick
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA.
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73117, OK, USA.
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Bio M, Rahman KMM, Lim I, Rajaputra P, Hurst RE, You Y. Singlet oxygen-activatable Paclitaxel prodrugs via intermolecular activation for combined PDT and chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1537-1540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction: Prodrugs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapy by targeting unique abnormal markers that are overexpressed by cancer cells and are absent in normal tissues. In this context, different strategies have been exploited and new ones are being developed each year. Areas covered: In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy is provided. Passive and active strategies are discussed in light of the advantages of each one and some successful examples are provided, as well as the clinical status of several prodrugs. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most commonly used. However, several drawbacks, including limited prodrug uptake, poor pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity problems, difficulties in selective targeting and gene expression, and optimized bystander effects limit their clinical applications. Expert opinion: Despite the efforts of different companies and research groups, several drawbacks, such as the lack of relevant in vivo models, complexity of the human metabolism, and economic limitations, have hampered the development of new prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy. As a result, we believe that the combination of prodrugs with cancer nanotechnology and other newly developed approaches, such as aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials, are efficient strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- b Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Hybrid Materials , Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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