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Mrkalić E, Jelić R, Stojanović S, Sovrlić M. Interaction between olanzapine and human serum albumin and effect of metal ions, caffeine and flavonoids on the binding: A spectroscopic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119295. [PMID: 33338934 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the binding of olanzapine (OLZ) to human serum albumin (HSA) and the influence of metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+), caffeine (CAF) and flavonoids (diosmin (DIO), catechin (CAT), quercetin (QUE)), on their affinity, was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Fluorescence experiments suggest that OLZ quench the fluorescence of HSA through the mixed quenching mechanism and non-radiation energy transferring as a result of the HSA-OLZ complex formation. OLZ spontaneously bind in the site I on HSA, and according to thermodynamic parameters, the reaction was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The presence of Mn+ ions, CAF, DIO and CAT decreased binding affinity between OLZ and HSA which indicates that they could compete against OLZ in the site I. Contrary, in the presence of QUE the binding affinity of the HSA-OLZ system enhanced, which may be explained by conformational changes in HSA (non-competitive interference).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Mrkalić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Ratomir Jelić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia.
| | - Stefan Stojanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Sovrlić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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How does bovine serum albumin sustain in saccharomate® derived from pine tree biomass? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110975. [PMID: 32213431 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, research on renewable raw materials and bioresources is a new concern towards the promotion of sustainable process and product development. The use of various plant biomasses such as starch, lignocellulosic and saccharide can be considered as an alternative for using cheaper and less polluting raw materials. In this regard, pine tree biomass, a lignocellulosic forest residue that has various value-added importance and it acts as a model of economic value to the agro-industrial fields. On the other hand, in order to meet and address the challenges of ever-increasing demands of bioresources, there has been significant research interest in deciphering the molecular interactions between proteins and biomass derived substances. No study reports the significance of saccharomate® derived from pine tree biomass on the structural and thermal stability of proteins. There is a sizable interest in the interactions between proteins and biomass derived substances, owing to their utilization and applications. Herein, we used various biophysical techniques such as absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study the impact of pine tree biomass derived saccharomate® (PBDS) on bovine serum albumin (BSA). Further for better understanding of morphological changes of BSA in presence of biomass, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also studied. The present study revealed that the increasing concentration of saccharomate® perturbs structural stability however; the thermal stability of BSA remained unchanged. The transition temperature of BSA remained approximately same in presence of different concentrations of PBDS. Furthermore, the size of BSA increases from 9.22 nm to 135.58 nm in presence of higher concentration of PBDS as revealed by DLS studies. To the best of our knowledge, the results represent first detailed proof of the unusual effect of PBDS on the model protein BSA.
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Polat Ü, Özyiğit İE, Karakuş E. Analysis of hydrolytic differences of free and “polyacrylic acid (PAAc)-conjugated trypsin and chymotrypsin” by using fluorescence lifetime distributions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:717-722. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1734937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ümmügülsüm Polat
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Characterization of the Interaction Between Caffeine and Soybean Selenoprotein by Spectroscopic and Cyclic Voltammetric Methods. J SOLUTION CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-017-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rabbani N, Tabrez S, Islam BU, Rehman MT, Alsenaidy AM, AlAjmi MF, Khan RA, Alsenaidy MA, Khan MS. Characterization of colchicine binding with normal and glycated albumin: In vitro and molecular docking analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3453-3462. [PMID: 28990867 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1389661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of more than 90% of the drugs viz. anticoagulants, analgesics, and general anesthetics in the blood takes place by albumin. Hence, albumin is the prime protein needs to be investigated to find out the nature of drug binding. Serum albumin molecules are prone to glycation at elevated blood glucose levels as observed in diabetics. In this piece of work, glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was carried out with glyceraldehyde and characterized by molecular docking and fluorometry techniques. Glycation of BSA showed 25% loss of free amino groups and decreased protein fluorescence (60%) with blue shift of 6 nm. The present study was also designed to evaluate the binding of colchicine (an anti-inflammatory drug) to native and glycated BSA and its ability to displace 8-analino-1-nephthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), from the BSA-ANS complex. Binding of ANS to BSA showed strong binding (Ka = 4.4 μM) with native conformation in comparison to glycated state (Ka = 8.4 μM). On the other hand, colchicine was able to quench the fluorescence of native BSA better than glycated BSA and also showed weaker affinity (Ka = 23 μM) for glycated albumin compared with native state (Ka = 16 μM). Molecular docking study showed that both glyceraldehyde and colchicine bind to common residues located near Sudlow's site I that explain the lower binding of colchicine in the glycated BSA. Based on our results, we believe that reduced drugs-binding affinity to glycated albumin may lead to drugs accumulation and precipitation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyar Rabbani
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- b King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Badar Ul Islam
- c Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- d Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- d Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- f Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- a Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Madsen JB, Pakkanen KI, Duelund L, Svensson B, Hachem MA, Lee S. A simplified chromatographic approach to purify commercially available bovine submaxillary mucins (BSM). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:84-99. [PMID: 24547990 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.887583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple purification protocol is developed to reduce the bovine serum albumin (BSA) content in commercially available bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM). This involved purification of the BSM by one-column anion-exchange chromatography protocol resulting in BSM with greatly reduced BSA content and homogeneously distributed size, and in a high yield of ∼43% from BSM as received from the manufacturer. The purity and composition of commercially acquired BSM were assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry, which verified that BSA is the most abundant nonmucinous protein component. The purification effect was evident from a significantly altered circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of BSM after anion-exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Busk Madsen
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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He LL, Wang YX, Wu XX, Liu XP, Wang X, Liu B, Wang X. Enhancement of the binding affinity of methylene blue to site I in human serum albumin by cupric and ferric ions. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1380-8. [PMID: 25833007 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the binding characteristics of methylene blue (MB) to human serum albumin (HSA) and the influence of Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) on the binding affinity of MB to HSA were investigated using fluorescence, absorption, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The results of competitive binding experiments using the site probes ketoprofen and ibuprofen as specific markers suggested that MB was located in site I within sub-domain IIA of HSA. The molecular modelling results agreed with the results of competitive site marker experiments and the results of CD spectra indicated that the interaction between MB and HSA caused the conformational changes in HSA. The binding affinity of MB to HSA was enhanced but to a different extent in the presence of Cu(2+) and Fe(3+), respectively, which indicated that the influence of different metal ions varied. Enhancement of the binding affinity of MB to HSA in the presence of Cu(2+) is due to the formation of Cu(2+)-HSA complex leading to the conformational changes in HSA, whereas in the presence of Fe(3+), enhancement of the binding affinity is due to the greater stability of the Fe(3+)-HSA-MB complex compared with the MB-HSA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling He
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Yong-Xia Wang
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xian-Ping Liu
- College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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Lauth V, Maas M, Rezwan K. Coacervate-directed synthesis of CaCO3 microcarriers for pH-responsive delivery of biomolecules. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7725-7731. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive, protein loaded calcium carbonate microcarriers are synthesized by the combination of complex coacervation and mineralization for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lauth
- Advanced Ceramics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M. Maas
- Advanced Ceramics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - K. Rezwan
- Advanced Ceramics
- University of Bremen
- 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Karahan M, Karakuş E, Bülbül D, Atacı N. Immobilization of glutaminase enzyme from Hypocria jecorina on polyacrylic acid: preparation and biochemical characterization. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:262-7. [PMID: 23802704 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
L-glutaminase enzyme produced from Hypocrea jecorina pure culture and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the presence (Cu2+) ions were composed the ternary complex at pH 7. The properties of free and immobilized enzyme were defined. The effect of various factors such as pH, temperature, heat, and storage stability on immobilized enzyme were investigated. The properties of immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared to those of free enzyme. Optimum pH and temperature of both enzyme were determined to be 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme (Km and Vmax values) were also determined as 0.38 mM of the Km and 10.9 U/L of the Vmax. No drastic change was observed in the Km and Vmax values. Thermal and storage stability experiments were carried out. The thermal stability studies indicated that the immobilization process tends to stabilize the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University , Uskudar-Istanbul , Turkey
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Karahan M, Mustafaeva Z, Koç RÇ, Bağırova M, Allahverdiyev AM. Investigation of metal-polyelectrolyte complex toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:384-9. [PMID: 22914259 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712457446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble binary and ternary copper complexes of polyelectrolytes were synthesized, and the toxicity of these complexes was tested in mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) in vitro. Both the binary and ternary complexes were prepared at the ratio of 0.4 mole copper(II) ions per monomer of acrylic acid and 0.5 mole copper(II) ions per monomer of methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride, furthermore at the ratio of 1 and 2 mole bovine serum albumin per mole of polyacrylic acid and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride), respectively. Compared to binary copper(II)-polyelectrolyte complexes, these ternary complexes have been determined to be of least toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karahan
- 1Department of Bioengineering, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karahan M, Tuğlu S, Mustafaeva Z. Synthesis of microwave-assisted poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-bovine serum albumin bioconjugates. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 40:363-8. [PMID: 22540947 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.678942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) copolymer-bovine serum albumin bioconjugates were synthesized in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimetilamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride as cross-linking agents via microwave-assisted and conventional methods and characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. According to size-exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography results, the bioconjugates synthesized in the microwave-assisted method are more stable and efficient than the conventional method. The reaction time is shortened from 17 hours to 15 minutes by means of the microwave-assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karahan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Khodarahmi R, Karimi SA, Ashrafi Kooshk MR, Ghadami SA, Ghobadi S, Amani M. Comparative spectroscopic studies on drug binding characteristics and protein surface hydrophobicity of native and modified forms of bovine serum albumin: possible relevance to change in protein structure/function upon non-enzymatic glycation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 89:177-186. [PMID: 22261105 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between serum albumin (SA) and drugs has provided an interesting ground for understanding of drug effects, especially in drug distribution and drug-drug interaction on SA, in the case of multi-drug therapy. Determination of the impact of various factors on drug-protein interaction is especially important upon significant binding of drug to albumin. In the present study, the interaction of two drugs (furosemide and indomethacin) with native and modified albumins were investigated by using various spectroscopic methods. Fluorescence data indicated that 1:1 binding of drugs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is associated with quenching of albumin intrinsic fluorescence. The Job's plot also confirmed that drug binds to BSA via mentioned stoichiometry. Analysis of the quenching and thermodynamic parameters indicated that intermolecular interactions between drug and albumin may change upon protein modification. The theoretical analyses also suggested some conformational changes of interacting side chains in subdomain IIA binding site (at the vicinity of W237), which were in good agreement with experimental data. Decrease of protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) was also observed upon both albumin modification and drug binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 67145-1673, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Peng M, Shi S, Zhang Y. The influence of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ on taxifolin binding to bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic methods: with the viewpoint of toxic ions/drug interference. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:327-333. [PMID: 22301163 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of heavy metal ions, Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) on taxifolin binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated by spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that the presence of heavy metal ions significantly affected the binding modes and binding affinities of taxifolin to BSA, and the effects depended on the type of heavy metal ions. One binding mode was found for taxifolin with and without Cd(2+), while two binding modes-a weaker one at low concentration and a stronger one at high concentration-were found for taxifolin in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+). Cd(2+) decreased the binding affinity of taxifolin for BSA by 7.3%; however, Hg(2+) increased the binding affinity of taxifolin for BSA by 13.3% in lower concentration and 33.3% in higher concentration. Pb(2+) decreased the binding affinity of taxifolin for BSA by 28.4% in lower concentration, and increased the binding affinity of taxifolin for BSA by 20.6% in higher concentration. The decreased binding affinity of taxifolin for BSA in the presence of Cd(2+) was mainly because of the existence of competitive binding between taxifolin and Cd(2+). However, the conformational change of BSA may the main reason for the changed binding affinity and binding distance of taxifolin for BSA in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China
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Peng M, Shi S, Zhang Y. Influence of Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ on (+)-catechin binding to bovine serum albumin studied by fluorescence spectroscopic methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 85:190-197. [PMID: 22024460 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of heavy metal ions, Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) on (+)-catechin binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated by spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that the presence of heavy metal ions significantly affected the binding modes and binding affinities of (+)-catechin to BSA, and the effects depend on the types of heavy metal ion. One binding mode was found for (+)-catechin with and without Cd(2+), while two binding modes - a weaker one at low concentration and a stronger one at high concentration were found for (+)-catechin in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+). The presence of Cd(2+) decreased the binding affinities of (+)-catechin for BSA by 20.5%. The presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) decreased the binding affinity of (+)-catechin for BSA by 8.9% and 26.7% in lower concentration, respectively, and increased the binding affinity of (+)-catechin for BSA by 5.2% and 9.2% in higher concentration, respectively. The changed binding affinity and binding distance of (+)-catechin for BSA in the presence of Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) were mainly because of the conformational change of BSA induced by heavy metal ions. However, the quenching mechanism for (+)-catechin to BSA was based on static quenching combined with non-radiative energy transfer irrespective of the absence or presence of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China
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Anjos JLV, Santiago P, Tabak M, Alonso A. On the interaction of bovine serum albumin with ionic surfactants: Temperature induced EPR changes of a maleimide nitroxide reflect local protein dynamics and probe solvent accessibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:463-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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