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Desmond A, Cotter L, Field D, O'Halloran F. Investigating the antimicrobial potential of bovine lactoferrin against the neonatal pathogen, Staphylococcus capitis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae068. [PMID: 39009015 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial glycoprotein that demonstrates a broad-spectrum of activity against a wide variety of clinical pathogens. This study investigated the potential of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) strains. Growth curve analysis and time-kill curves demonstrated that at 750 µg ml-1 lactoferrin significantly inhibited (50.6%, P < 0.05) the growth of most isolates tested (90%), and this effect was based on a bacteriostatic mechanism. At the same concentration, bLf also significantly inhibited (30%, P < 0.05) biofilm formation in 40% of strains tested. Combinations of bLf with selected antibiotics were assessed for enhanced antimicrobial activity using growth curves. BLf combined with β-lactam antibiotics reduced the growth of S. capitis strains, however, the effects were not significant. BLf displays antimicrobial effects against multidrug resistant S. capitis isolates, but with strain-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Desmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Lesley Cotter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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Alhumam MN, Alhumam N, Kandeel M. The Antimicrobial Bifunctional Camel Lactoferrin: In Silico and Molecular Dynamic Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2322286. [PMID: 37260852 PMCID: PMC10229236 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2322286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a major natural antimicrobial agent secreted in body fluids as a natural innate immunity protein. The action and structure of LF are closely related to its iron-binding capacity with structural reporting in open and closed conformations. This study looked at how lactoferrin structures change in camel (cLF), bovine (bLF), and human (hLF) lactoferrin closed forms after iron is removed from their binding sites. Initially, the sequence comparison between cLF and the LFs of marine mammals, bats, and domestic animals was the most intriguing conclusion. Camel LF is revealed to be more closely related to marine animals (~80.36% identity) and bats (~79.3% identity) than to terrestrial mammal species (~75.5% identity). Results indicated that cLF was more dynamic in nature than bLF and hLF by showing higher RMSD values. The cLF is known to be half lactoferrin half transferrin; in this study, we show that there are different MD behavior of both iron-binding sites. While LF contains two lobes (C- and N-lobes), the C-lobe showed high fluctuations as N-lobe was more stable in the absence of ferric ions. The C-lobe and N-lobe of cLF react differently at physiological pH, revealing distinct molecular interactions between these components. In addition, cLF showed higher system flexibility derived from its larger RMSD, RMSF, lower intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and higher solvent accessible surface area (SASA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathir N. Alhumam
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Alhumam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Almehdar HA, Abd El-Baky N, Mattar EH, Albiheyri R, Bamagoos A, Aljaddawi A, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Exploring the mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Shigella sonnei. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14809. [PMID: 36743956 PMCID: PMC9893911 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continuously increasing pressure associated with the appearance of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) that have developed pathogenic multiple antibiotic resistance and the cost of cure and control of these enterobacteriaceae infections increases annually. The current report for first time demonstrated the distinguished antimicrobial action of camel lactoferrin (cLf) obtained from the milk of different clans of camel in Saudi Arabia against S. typhimurium and S. sonnei. These cLf subtypes showed comparable antimicrobial potential when tested against the two bacterial strains but were superior to either bovine (bLf) or human lactoferrin (hLf). The synergism between lactoferrins and antibiotics concerning their antibacterial efficacies against the two bacterial strains was evident. Exploring mechanisms by which camel lactoferrin can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei revealed that cLf affects bacterial protein profile. Besides, it interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and numerous membrane proteins of S. typhimurium and S. sonnei, with each bacterial strain possessing distinctive binding membrane proteins for lactoferrin. Furthermore, as evidenced by electron microscopy analysis, cLf induces extracellular and intracellular morphological changes in the test bacterial strains when used alone or in combination treatment with antibiotics. Lactoferrin and antibiotics combination strongly disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes. Therefore, cLf can kill S. typhimurium and S. sonnei by four different mechanisms, such as iron chelation, affecting some bacterial proteins, binding to bacterial LPS and membrane proteins, and impairing the integrity of the bacterial cells and their membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A. Almehdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Abd El-Baky
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab H. Mattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljaddawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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El-Baky NA, Elkhawaga MA, Abdelkhalek ES, Sharaf MM, Redwan EM, Kholef HR. De novo expression and antibacterial potential of four lactoferricin peptides in cell-free protein synthesis system. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00583. [PMID: 33425692 PMCID: PMC7779732 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we produced four lactoferricin (LFcin) peptides by a cell-free (in vitro) method. These short antimicrobial peptides were expressed in an E. coli cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and the bioactivity of the produced peptides was demonstrated. Additionally, we designed a novel synthetic consensus peptide (ConLFcin). The genes of bovine Lfcin (bLFcin), human Lfcin (hLFcin), camel Lfcin (cLFcin), and ConLFcin were cloned into pET101/D-TOPO vector then peptides were synthesized in vitro by E. coli CFPS system. The antibacterial activity of these synthesized peptides was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The four cell-free synthesized peptides showed significant antibacterial potency at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 1.25 and 10 μg/mL. cLFcin and ConLFcin showed higher antibacterial effects than bLFcin and hLFcin. Thus, cell-free expression system is an ideal system for rapid expression of functionally active short bioactive peptides.
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Key Words
- 3D, three dimensional structures
- Antimicrobial
- Bioactive peptides
- CAMH, cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth
- CFPS, cell-free protein synthesis
- ConLFcin, consensus lactoferricin
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- In vitro protein synthesis
- LC50, concentration lethal to 50 % of the cells
- LFcin, lactoferricin
- Lactoferricin
- Lactoferrin
- Lf, lactoferrin
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
- MICs, minimum inhibitory concentrations
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- SD, Shine-Dalgarno sequence
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- bLFcin, bovine lactoferricin
- cLFcin, camel lactoferricin
- cLf, camel lactoferrin
- hLFcin, human lactoferricin
- hLf, human lactoferrin
- p-NPP, p-Nitrophenyl phosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Abd El-Baky
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maie Ahmed Elkhawaga
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Mohammed Sharaf
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elrashdy Mustafa Redwan
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Reda Kholef
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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