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Baynard-Montague J, James LE. A stress mindset manipulation can affect speakers' articulation rate. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36812297 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2179621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mindsets about stress can be altered so that people interpret stress as either a positive or negative force. We exposed participants to a stress mindset intervention to test its effects on a challenging speech production task. DESIGN AND METHOD Participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to a stress mindset condition. In the stress-is-enhancing (SIE) condition, they viewed a brief video that characterized stress as a positive force that benefits performance. In the stress-is-debilitating (SID) condition, the video characterized stress as a negative force that should be avoided. Each participant completed a self-report measure of stress mindset, performed a psychological stressor task, and then repeatedly produced tongue twisters aloud. Speech errors and articulation time were scored for the production task. RESULTS The manipulation check confirmed that stress mindsets were altered after viewing the videos. Participants in the SIE condition articulated the phrases more quickly than those in the SID condition without an accompanying increase in errors. CONCLUSIONS A stress mindset manipulation affected speech production. This finding indicates that one way to mitigate the negative effects of stress on speech production is to instantiate beliefs that stress is a positive force that can enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori E James
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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O'Brien KH, Wallace T, Kemp AM, Pei Y. Cognitive-Communication Complaints and Referrals for Speech-Language Pathology Services Following Concussion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:790-807. [PMID: 35041792 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Speech-language pathologists are increasingly being recognized as key members of concussion management teams. This study investigates whether self-report of communication problems postconcussion may be useful in identifying clients who could benefit from speech-language pathology services. METHOD Participants included 41 adolescents and adults from an outpatient specialty concussion clinic. All completed the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) at admission, and 23 repeated this measure at discharge. Participants were prospectively enrolled, with chart reviews providing demographic, injury, and medical factors. The analysis considered (a) communication complaints and resolution over time, including comparison to two previously published LCQ studies of typical adults and adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI); (b) the relationship between communication complaints, participant factors, and common concussion assessments; and (c) factors related to speech-language pathology service referral for rehabilitation. RESULTS At first visit, 12 of 41 participants (29%) reported communication problems, although 19 (46%) reported difficulty with greater than half of LCQ items. At a group level, compared to published reference data of both people with chronic mixed severity TBI and controls, participants in this study reported more problems at first visit with communication overall, as well as greater difficulty with the LCQ Initiation/Conversation Flow subscale. Partner Sensitivity subscale scores at first visit were also greater than published control data. LCQ subscale scores of Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity decreased from first visit to last visit, demonstrating resolution over time. Only concussion symptom scales and not demographic, injury, or cognitive screenings were related to LCQ scores. The same two LCQ subscales, Initiation/Conversation Flow and Partner Sensitivity, predicted referral for speech-language pathology services, along with symptom scales and being injured due to motor vehicle crash. DISCUSSION A subset of people recovering from concussion report experiencing communication problems. Reporting of particular communication problems was related to referral for speech-language pathology rehabilitation services and may be useful in directing care after concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy H O'Brien
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Tracey Wallace
- Complex Concussion Clinic, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA
- SHARE Military Initiative, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy M Kemp
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Yalian Pei
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
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Harmon TG, Nielsen C, Loveridge C, Williams C. Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions on Picture Naming for People With Mild-to-Moderate Aphasia: A Preliminary Investigation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:1025-1043. [PMID: 35143738 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to investigate how emotional arousal and valence affect confrontational naming accuracy and response time (RT) in people with mild-to-moderate aphasia compared with adults without aphasia. We hypothesized that negative and positive emotions would facilitate naming for people with aphasia (PWA) but lead to slower responses for adults with no aphasia. METHOD Eight participants with mild-to-moderate aphasia, 15 older adults (OAs), and 17 young adults (YAs) completed a confrontational naming task across three conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) in an ABA (where A = neutral and B = negative) case series design. Immediately following each naming condition, participants self-reported their perceived arousal and pleasure. Accuracy and RT were measured and compared. RESULTS As expected, PWA performed significantly less accurately and with longer RTs than both YA and OA groups across all conditions. However, opposite our hypothesis for the aphasia group, the negative condition resulted in decreased accuracy for the aphasia and the OA group and increased RT across all groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the positive and any other condition. Participants with aphasia who demonstrated an effect in the negative condition were observed to produce a larger proportion of semantically related errors than any other error types. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that strong negative emotions can interfere with semantic-lexical processing by diverting attentional resources to emotion regulation. Both clinicians and researchers should be aware of the potential influence of negative stimuli and negative emotional states on language performance for PWA, and these effects should be disentangled in future research. Further research should also be conducted with a larger number of participants with aphasia across a broader range of severity to replicate and extend findings. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19119356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson G Harmon
- Department of Communication Disorders, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Courtney Nielsen
- Department of Communication Disorders, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Corinne Loveridge
- Department of Communication Disorders, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Camille Williams
- Department of Communication Disorders, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Rousseau L, Kashur N. Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups. Front Psychol 2021; 12:704433. [PMID: 34335419 PMCID: PMC8322979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states are typically defined as feelings of imminent recall for known, but temporarily inaccessible target words. However, TOTs are not merely instances of retrieval failures. Clues that increase the subjective likelihood of retrieval success, such as cue familiarity and target-related information, also have been shown to elicit feelings of imminent recall, supporting a metacognitive, inferential etiology of the TOT phenomenon. A survey conducted on our university campus provided anecdotal evidence that TOTs are occasionally shared among people in small groups. Although shared TOTs may suggest the influence of social contagion, we hypothesized that metacognitive appraisal of group recall efficiency could be involved. There should be more instances of remembering in several heads than in one. From this, we conjectured that people remembering together entertain the inference that successful retrieval is more likely in group recall than in a single-person recall situation. Such a metacognitive appraisal may drive a stronger feeling of closeness with the target word and of recall imminence, precipitating one (or more people) into a TOT state. We used general knowledge questions to elicit TOTs. We found that participants reported more TOTs when remembering in small groups than participants remembering alone. Critically, the experimental manipulation selectively increased TOTs without affecting correct recall, suggesting that additional TOTs observed in small groups were triggered independently from the retrieval process. Near one third (31%) of the TOTs in small groups were reported by two or more participants for the same items. However, removing common TOTs from the analyses did not change the basic pattern of results, suggesting that social contagion was not the main factor involved in the observed effect. We argue that beyond social contagion, group recall magnifies the inference that target words will be successfully retrieved, prompting the metacognitive monitoring system to launch more near-retrieval success “warning” (TOT) signals than in a single-person recall situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rousseau
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Kashur
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Ferrario A, Luo M, Polsinelli AJ, Moseley SA, Mehl MR, Yordanova K, Martin M, Demiray B. Predicting Working Memory in Healthy Older Adults Using Real-Life Language and Social Context Information: A Machine Learning Approach (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2021; 5:e28333. [PMID: 35258457 PMCID: PMC8941438 DOI: 10.2196/28333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrario
- Chair of Technology Marketing, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Minxia Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelina J Polsinelli
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Suzanne A Moseley
- Department of Psychology, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Mike Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burcu Demiray
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schmank CJ, James LE. Adults of all ages experience increased tip-of-the-tongue states under ostensible evaluative observation. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:517-531. [PMID: 31294648 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1641177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In previous research, young adults who were told they were being observed and evaluated reported more tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) instances than those who were not. We first tested whether the same effect is obtained for older adult participants, and then compared the effects of ostensible evaluative observation on word retrieval for adults across the lifespan. Participants in the observed condition were told they were being evaluated throughout the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) procedure and a word retrieval task, whereas participants in the unobserved condition performed similar tasks with no mention of observation or evaluation. In Experiment 1, older adult participants in the observed condition experienced more TOTs than those in the unobserved condition. In Experiment 2, observation increased TOTs to a similar extent for adults ages 18-80, replicating earlier findings with young adults and Experiment 1. Observation can impair cognitive performance similarly for adults of a wide range of ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Schmank
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lori E James
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Shafto MA, James LE, Abrams L, CAN C. Age-related changes in word retrieval vary by self-reported anxiety but not depression symptoms. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:767-780. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1527284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Shafto
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lori E. James
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lise Abrams
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Cam- CAN
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Metz MJ, James LE. Specific effects of the Trier Social Stress Test on speech fluency in young and older adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:558-576. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1503639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J. Metz
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Lori E. James
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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