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Passard NN, Pottinger AM, Boyne AS. Mental Health Awareness and Counseling Practice of Jamaican Clergy: An Exploratory Study. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2023; 77:41-50. [PMID: 35989644 DOI: 10.1177/15423050221119176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clergy play a vital role in mental health care in Jamaica but little is known about their mental health awareness and practices. Thirty five Anglican and Baptist clergy were compared to 24 helping professionals and 67 community members using purposive sampling. Clergy's awareness exists with spiritualized beliefs about the etiology of mental illness as well as with effective and unethical counseling practices. Findings indicate the need for more training in mental health sensitization and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey M Pottinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, 462834The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Ashley S Boyne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, 462834The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Attitudes of Catholic Priests Regarding the Participation of People with Schizophrenia and Depression in Religious Practices: Relationships with Prejudices and Community Size. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1437-1447. [PMID: 35218472 PMCID: PMC8881699 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether priests' attitudes regarding individuals with schizophrenia and depression participating in religious practices varied in relation to priests' adherence to prejudices about these mental disorders (MD). A sample of 559 Italian priests completed a questionnaire on their views of either schizophrenia or depression. Data were analyzed using a multiple-group structural equation in which the diagnostic group was a moderator and the size of the municipalities in which the churches were located was a covariate. The study revealed that: priests' attitudes towards churchgoers with MDs are related to views of these individuals as dangerous, easy to recognize and poorly aware of their MDs; community size has a direct effect on priests' attitudes and an indirect effect through perceived dangerousness; the above-mentioned relationships do not differ by type of disorder. Sensitizing priests on stigma may be helpful to facilitate the participation of believers with MDs to religious practices.
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Taghva A, Noorbala AA, Khademi M, Shahriari A, Nasr Esfahani M, Asadi A, Mohsenifar J, Yousefifard A, Abolhassani M, Bolhari J, Hajebi A, Rahnejat AM, Shahed-Haghghadam H. Clergy's Viewpoint Change Toward Mental Health and Stigma on Mental Illness: A Short Course Training. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:864806. [PMID: 35432029 PMCID: PMC9010651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.864806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As stigma is one of the main barriers in promoting the mental health, the present study was designed with the purpose of reviewing clergy's viewpoint regarding the effect of mental health workshops on these barriers. METHODS For this study, by order of Iran's Health Ministry, a questionnaire was designed to examine the clergy's viewpoint related to mental illnesses and the consequent stigma. Ten faculty members and psychiatrists confirmed the questionnaire's validity after some modifications. In this research, 30 members of the clergy from the main religious city in Iran's "Qom" Seminary attended the training workshops for 2 days. The data obtained from the clergy's responses were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver.16) and descriptive and analytical tests. Also, the significance level was considered p < 0.05 in all tests. The results exhibited that the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) of the clergy's attitude domain and awareness before the workshop was 1.90 ± 26.30 and 8.31 ± 1.64, respectively. Also, average and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) of their attitude domain and awareness after the workshop was 1.95 ± 29.73 and 1.18 ± 10.70, respectively. DISCUSSION The present study, which was designed to examine the clergy's viewpoint toward mental illnesses and the consequent stigma in the most considerable religious base in the country, illustrated that one strategy for reducing mental illness stigma in religious communities can be by holding training sessions to promote the clergy's awareness of and attitude toward mental health. CONCLUSION There was a significant statistical difference between their awareness and attitude scores before and after the workshop (p < 0.01). In the present research, the awareness and attitude of clergy toward mental health and stigma due to mental illness was relatively good and significantly increased by holding the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Taghva
- Department of Psychiatry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Noorbala
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Khademi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Asadi
- Deputy Mental Health Office, Social Addiction Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Mohsenifar
- Department of Psychology, Disaster and Trauma Research Center, 505 Hospital, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Moussa Abolhassani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Bolhari
- Department of Psychiatry, Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Social Injury Prevention Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohsen Rahnejat
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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El Hayek S, Cherro M, El Alayli A, El Hayek R, Ghossoub E. Stigma Towards Mental Illness at an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:725-732. [PMID: 34286455 PMCID: PMC8294272 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with mental illness may fall victim to stigma. In this cross-sectional study, the authors aimed to explore correlates of stigma towards mental health in a Lebanese private university and its associated tertiary medical center. METHODS The authors surveyed students, staff, and faculty at the American University of Beirut and its associated medical center. They assessed stigmatizing behaviors via the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), perceived stigma via the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale (PDDS), and attitudes towards collaborating with mental health professionals via the Doctors' Attitudes toward Collaborative Care for Mental Health (DACC-MH). RESULTS A total of 270 participants (response rate of 18%) provided their responses. The mean scores on the RIBS and PDDS were 15.26 ± 4.75 and 32.25 ± 2.70, respectively. Participants who had higher scores on RIBS were more likely to be younger than 25 years of age (OR=1.869; p=0.026), to have a history of mental illness (OR=2.657; p=0.003), and to interact with individuals with a psychiatric disorder (OR=2.287; p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Results show a mixed pattern of stigmatizing behaviors and perceptions towards mental illness. This highlights the need for mental health awareness campaigns and interventions in the country.
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Mental Illness Stigma and Associated Factors among Arabic-Speaking Religious and Community Leaders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157991. [PMID: 34360281 PMCID: PMC8345608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Arabic-speaking refugees in Australia seek help from informal sources, including religious and community leaders, when experiencing mental health issues. Despite their significant influence, there is scarce research exploring attitudes of Arabic-speaking leaders toward mental illness. The current exploratory study explored mental illness stigma and various factors among Arabic-speaking religious and community leaders. This study uses a subset of data from an evaluation trial of mental health literacy training for Arabic-speaking religious and community leaders. Our dataset contains the pre-intervention survey responses for 52 Arabic-speaking leaders (69.2% female; mean age = 47.1, SD = 15.3) on the ability to recognise a mental disorder, beliefs about causes for developing mental illness, and two stigma measures, personal stigma, and social distance. Being female was associated with a decrease in personal stigma. An increase in age was associated with an increase in personal stigma. Correct recognition of a mental disorder was associated with decreased personal stigma, and after adjusting for age and gender, significance was retained for the I-would-not-tell-anyone subscale. Endorsing the cause “being a person of weak character” was associated with an increase in personal stigma. There is an urgent need for future research to elucidate stigma to develop effective educational initiatives for stigma reduction among Arabic-speaking leaders.
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Magliano L, Citarelli G, Affuso G. Views of Catholic Priests Regarding Causes, Treatments and Psychosocial Consequences of Schizophrenia and Depression: A Comparative Study in Italy. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1318-1338. [PMID: 33263840 PMCID: PMC7997837 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored views of Catholic priests about schizophrenia and depression in Italy. Participants completed a questionnaire on their views about either schizophrenia (N = 282) or depression (N = 277). The depression group was surer than the schizophrenia group that: the disorder was due to psychosocial causes; curable; non-requiring long-term pharmacotherapy; the persons with depression could participate in religious activities. The older priests were more convinced than the younger priests that: the prayer and long-term pharmacotherapy are useful; the persons with mental disorders had affective difficulties, are recognizable and kept at distance. Priests should receive education on stigma in mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Magliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Giulia Citarelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetana Affuso
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Kudva KG, El Hayek S, Gupta AK, Kurokawa S, Bangshan L, Armas-Villavicencio MVC, Oishi K, Mishra S, Tiensuntisook S, Sartorius N. Stigma in mental illness: Perspective from eight Asian nations. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 12:e12380. [PMID: 31922363 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma against those who suffer from mental illness is a major issue in many nations. Stigma, which is comprised of prejudice, ignorance, and discrimination, serves as a barrier to seeking help and staying in contact with mental health services. It is thus imperative that concerted efforts are taken against stigma. METHODS Eight young psychiatrists from eight Asian nations offer a narrative review of the state of stigma in their respective nations, the sociocultural reasons behind this stigma, recent anti-stigma efforts and the effects, if any, of such efforts. RESULTS Despite these eight nations lying varying significantly in terms of economic developmental levels, there are sociocultural commonalities that undergird stigma across these nations. It is also evident that there have been more recent concerted efforts to combat this stigma, and in some countries, there has been a change in the perceptions of mental illness. CONCLUSION The causes of stigma tend to be similar across various nations, and this perhaps suggests that international collaboration and a concerted global effort to combat this problem might thus be a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundadak Ganesh Kudva
- Early Psychosis Intervention Program, Institution of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liu Bangshan
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Kengo Oishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saumya Mishra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abi Doumit C, Haddad C, Sacre H, Salameh P, Akel M, Obeid S, Akiki M, Mattar E, Hilal N, Hallit S, Soufia M. Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: Results from a national Lebanese study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222172. [PMID: 31525219 PMCID: PMC6746362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with mental health disorders often have to endure the burdens of the condition itself and the stigma that follows. Since no study has been conducted in Lebanon on this topic, our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards public stigma of mental health diseases, among a sample of the Lebanese population. METHODS A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and May 2018, enrolled 2289 participants. The Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS), the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness (CAMI) and the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS) were used to assess knowledge, attitude and behaviors toward mental illness respectively. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentile of the MAKS, CAMI and RIBS scales scores were considered as cutoff points for low, medium and high scores respectively. RESULTS A high knowledge score was found in 33.0% of the participants, whereas a high attitude score and a higher behavior score were found in 32.2% and 26.9% of the participants respectively. Living in North Lebanon (Beta = 1.331) and being familiar with a non-close person with mental illness (Beta = 0.811) were associated with higher knowledge of mental illness (higher MAKS score), whereas living in Bekaa (Beta = -8.693) and being 70 years old and above (Beta = -5.060) were associated with lower knowledge toward mental illness (lower MAKS score). Higher knowledge of mental illness (higher MAKS score) (Beta = 0.670), having a high level of education (university (Beta = 8.785), secondary (Beta = 6.084) and technical (Beta = 5.677)) were associated with less stigmatizing attitudes (higher CAMI scale). Being familiar with close people with mental illness (Beta = 0.577), less stigmatizing attitudes (higher CAMI scale) (Beta = 0.077) and higher knowledge of mental illness (higher MAKS score) (Beta = 0.115) were associated with higher favorable behaviors (higher RIBS score), whereas knowing a non-close person who have a mental illness (Beta = -0.720) was associated with lower favorable behaviors (lower RIBS score). CONCLUSION A mass media awareness campaigns that could transmit health messages to a wide public audience in the country to fight stigma toward mental illness, seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Abi Doumit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Akiki
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Elie Mattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Najla Hilal
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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