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Guo X, Jiao R, Wang J. Connections between Parental Emotion Socialization and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Moderating Effect of Gender. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:660. [PMID: 39199056 PMCID: PMC11351946 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies on the correlation between parental emotion socialization and internalizing problems in adolescents, as well as the moderating effect of gender, a questionnaire survey was administered to 1078 junior high school students (Mage = 13.96 ± 1.00). The results revealed that supportive parental emotion socialization was negatively correlated with adolescents internalizing problems, whereas non-supportive parental emotion socialization was positively correlated with such problems. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies functioned as parallel mediators in the relationship between supportive parental emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems, while only expressive suppression mediated the correlation between non-supportive emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems. Gender did not exhibit a moderating effect on the mediation model. These findings suggest that supportive parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions can reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety by cultivating increased utilization of cognitive reappraisal strategies and decreased reliance on expressive suppression strategies among adolescents, whereas non-supportive responses exacerbate the occurrence of depression and anxiety by promoting greater utilization of expressive suppression strategies. In addition, no significant gender differences were observed in the mediation effects. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention programs focusing on parental emotion socialization in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300000, China; (X.G.); (R.J.)
- School of Educational Sciences, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Ruichao Jiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300000, China; (X.G.); (R.J.)
- Student Affairs Office, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300000, China; (X.G.); (R.J.)
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Nguyen THH, Nguyen TNT. Parent-adolescent conflict: an exploration from the perspective of Vietnamese adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243494. [PMID: 38023008 PMCID: PMC10661886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates parent-adolescent conflicts from the viewpoint of Vietnamese adolescents. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey with 706 high-school students. The findings highlight that conflicts between Vietnamese parents and adolescents commonly arise regarding internet usage for entertainment and academic purposes. Furthermore, adolescents reported having more conflicts with their mothers than with their fathers. Although instances of parental aggression were identified, most adolescents perceived their parents' conflict resolution as supportive. However, Vietnamese adolescents tended to display passive behavioral responses during conflicts. The research also identified certain emotional responses as warning signs of mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts, among some adolescents. Moreover, a higher frequency of conflicts with parents was significantly associated with increased peer connections. The study emphasizes the importance of professionals, such as school social workers or counselors, prioritizing the understanding of parent-child conflicts' impact on adolescents' emotions and mental health. Additionally, it underscores the significance of examining parenting patterns and parent-child communication within contemporary Vietnamese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Children and Adolescent Studies, Institute for Family and Gender Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhu Trang Nguyen
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Sociology, VNU-Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Vrolijk P, Van Lissa CJ, Branje S, Keizer R. Longitudinal Linkages Between Parent-Child Discrepancies in Reports on Parental Autonomy Support and Informants' Depressive Symptoms. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:899-912. [PMID: 36692620 PMCID: PMC9957896 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although parent-child discrepancies in reports of parenting are known to be associated with child depressive symptoms, the direction of causality is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study contributes to existing literature by examining longitudinal within-family linkages between parent-child discrepancies in their reports on autonomy support and depressive symptoms of children, while also assessing these linkages with parents' depressive symptoms. In addition, this study explored whether these linkages differ for father- versus mother-child discrepancies. Longitudinal data (six annual waves) of 497 adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T1 = 13.03, SD = 0.46), their mothers (N = 495), and their fathers (N = 446) of the Dutch study Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships (RADAR) were used. Counter to expectations, the results of a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model provided no evidence for within-family cross-lagged effects. Instead, stable differences between families explained linkages; in families where children reported on average higher levels of depressive symptoms, children also reported lower levels of autonomy support relative to their parents. There were no associations between parent-child discrepancies and parents' depressive symptoms. Thus, the findings suggest that depressive symptoms are neither a consequence, nor a predictor of parent-child discrepancies in adolescence. The hypotheses and analytical plan of this study were preregistered in a project on the Open Science Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vrolijk
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caspar J. Van Lissa
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renske Keizer
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Emotion Regulation in Emerging Adults: Do Parenting And Parents’ Own Emotion Regulation Matter? JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Associations between Empathy and social anxiety in Childhood: the moderating role of mother-child conflict and peer rejection. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen-Bouck L, Patterson MM, Qiao B, Peng A. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Empathy Training on Empathy Skills, Life Satisfaction, and Relationship Quality for Chinese Adolescents and Their Mothers: A Mixed Methods Study. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211064209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a pre- and post-test design, this study examined the changes in empathy skills, life satisfaction, and relationship quality among mainland Chinese adolescents (ages 13–15 years) and their mothers ( N = 108 dyads) following an empathy training intervention. Participants completed a 20-day empathy training, including two in-person group training sessions and daily journals on assigned topics. Participants’ mother-child relationship quality, mother-child conflict, life satisfaction, and empathy skills were measured three times, and selected participants were interviewed to explore their experience of the training. The research procedure followed protocols that were approved by an Institutional Review Board. ANOVAs were used to examine quantitative data and inductive analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings suggest that after the training, both adolescents and mothers reported significant benefits in mother-child relationship quality and life satisfaction. However, participants’ empathy skills (i.e., perspective taking and empathic concern skills) did not change. Possible mechanisms of the observed changes included the empathy skills (e.g., perspective taking skills) learned through the training and the reciprocal nature of positive changes within the mother-child dyad. The current study suggests that empathy training may benefit adolescents and their mothers, both within the relationship and in their general life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bixi Qiao
- Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD, USA
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Chen H, Meza JI, Yan Y, Wu Q, Lin X. Parental attachment and depression in adolescents: Moderation mediation model of empathy and gender. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Goering M, Mrug S. Empathy as a Mediator of the Relationship between Authoritative Parenting and Delinquent Behavior in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1308-1318. [PMID: 33991274 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of authoritative parenting, including high parental nurturance and appropriate control, are protective against adolescents' delinquency. However, the mediating psychological mechanisms are not well understood. This three-wave longitudinal study with 704 adolescents (52% males; 76% African American) investigated empathy at age 13 as a mediator of the prospective association between authoritative parenting (child's disclosure and parental nurturance) at age 11 with delinquency at age 18. The results of a structural equation model revealed a significant indirect effect of authoritative parenting on delinquency through empathy. Authoritative parenting at age 11 predicted increased empathy at age 13, which then predicted decreased delinquency at age 18. These findings suggest that authoritative parenting reduces adolescents' delinquency by promoting empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Goering
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, CH415, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, CH415, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Farrell AH, Vaillancourt T. Adolescent empathic concern and perspective taking: Heterogeneous developmental trajectories and childhood social and psychological factors. J Pers 2020; 89:672-688. [PMID: 33191510 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The joint developmental trajectories of empathic concern and perspective taking were examined across adolescence, along with childhood social and psychological predictors. METHOD Adolescents completed self-report measures of empathy annually from Grades 7 to 10 (i.e., ages 13 to 16; N = 609; 53.9% girls; 76.2% White). Childhood social and psychological predictors were assessed in Grades 5 and 6 using self- and parent-reports. RESULTS As predicted, the majority of individuals reflected a joint trajectory of moderate stable empathic concern and moderate increasing perspective taking (31.9%), followed by joint high increasing (17.2%) and joint low stable (7.4%) empathy. Fewer adolescents reflected joint trajectories of being high on one form of empathy but not the other (e.g., high empathic concern only, 1.6%; high increasing perspective taking only, 2.8%). High increasing perspective taking was a better indicator of high increasing empathic concern than the reverse. Higher childhood hyperactivity, higher bullying perpetration, and lower perceived school climate were prominent predictors of developing low levels of at least one form of empathy, but childhood anxiety was a predictor of developing high empathy. CONCLUSIONS The skills and abilities associated with perspective taking and empathic concern should be promoted, with special attention paid to early indicators of affective, cognitive, and behavioral self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann H Farrell
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kerr KL, Cosgrove KT, Ratliff EL, Burrows K, Misaki M, Moore AJ, DeVille DC, Silk JS, Tapert SF, Bodurka J, Simmons WK, Morris AS. TEAMwork: Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality During Parent-Adolescent fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:24. [PMID: 32116608 PMCID: PMC7018765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The parent-child relationship and family context influence the development of emotion regulation (ER) brain circuitry and related skills in children and adolescents. Although both parents' and children's ER neurocircuitry simultaneously affect how they interact with one another, neuroimaging studies of parent-child relationships typically include only one member of the dyad in brain imaging procedures. The current study examined brain activation related to parenting and ER in parent-adolescent dyads during concurrent fMRI scanning with a novel task - the Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality (TEAM) task. The TEAM task includes feedback trials indicating the other dyad member made an error, resulting in a monetary loss for both participants. Results indicate that positive parenting practices as reported by the adolescent were positively correlated with parents' hemodynamic activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a region related to empathy, during these error trials. Additionally, during feedback conditions both parents and adolescents exhibited fMRI activation in ER-related regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, fusiform gyrus, thalamus, caudate, precuneus, and superior parietal lobule. Adolescents had higher left amygdala activation than parents during the feedback condition. These findings demonstrate the utility of dyadic fMRI scanning for investigating relational processes, particularly in the parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Kerr
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University–Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Erin L. Ratliff
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University–Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Andrew J. Moore
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Danielle C. DeVille
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Johnson & Johnson, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University–Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Mastrotheodoros S, Van der Graaff J, Deković M, Meeus WHJ, Branje SJT. Coming Closer in Adolescence: Convergence in Mother, Father, and Adolescent Reports of Parenting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:846-862. [PMID: 29921030 PMCID: PMC6899895 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child relationships change during adolescence. Furthermore, parents and adolescents perceive parenting differently. We examined the changes in perceptions of parental practices in fathers, mothers, and adolescents during adolescence. Furthermore, we investigated if fathers', mothers', and adolescents' perceptions converge during adolescence. Following 497 families across six waves (ages 13-18), we investigated the development of parental support and behavioral control using mother and father self-reports, and adolescent reports for mothers and fathers. We found curvilinear decrease for support and control. Parent-adolescent convergence emerged over the 6 years: those with higher intercepts had a steeper decrease, whereas correlations among parent and adolescent reports increased. This multi-informant study sheds light on the development of parent-adolescent convergence on perceptions of parenting.
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Parent-Adolescent Conflict across Adolescence: Trajectories of Informant Discrepancies and Associations with Personality Types. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:119-135. [PMID: 31254242 PMCID: PMC6987059 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Parent–adolescent conflict can be intense, yet parents and adolescents do not always agree on the intensity of conflict. Conflict intensity tends to change during adolescence and is thought to be an indicator of how the parent–adolescent relationship transforms. However, parents and adolescents might differently perceive change in conflict intensity, resulting in changing discrepancies in conflict intensity throughout adolescence. Also, personality characteristics of parents and adolescents might affect the extent to which there are discrepancies in perceptions of conflict intensity. This multi-informant longitudinal study investigated a) the trajectories of parent–adolescent conflict intensity, b) the trajectories of informant discrepancies, and c) the prediction of these trajectories by parental and adolescent personality. Dutch adolescents (N = 497, 43.1% female, Mage = 13.03 at T1), their mothers, and their fathers reported on parent–adolescent conflict intensity and personality for six years. Latent Growth Curve Modeling and Latent Congruence Modeling revealed curvilinear changes in conflict intensity, as well as in discrepancies thereof. Two cycles of discrepancies emerged. First, in early-to-middle-adolescence discrepancies in perceptions of parents and adolescents increased, reflecting that adolescents’ perceived conflict intensity increased. Second, in middle-to-late-adolescence, father–adolescent discrepancies increased further, reflecting that fathers’ perceptions of conflict decreased. Resilient adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported lower levels of conflict intensity than Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers, but personality was not associated with the rate of change in conflict intensity. Finally, undercontrolling fathers and overcontrolling adolescents showed higher father–adolescent discrepancies. This study showed that parents and adolescents differentially perceive conflict intensity and that in the adolescent–father relationship, the extent of the differences depends on adolescent and father personality.
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Linking Parent-Child and Peer Relationship Quality to Empathy in Adolescence: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1033-1055. [PMID: 30810858 PMCID: PMC6525137 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Empathy, which is the ability to feel concern for and to understand others’ feelings, is thought to develop in high quality relationships with parent and peers, but also to facilitate the quality of these relationships. While a wide literature has addressed this aspect, the heterogeneity of primary studies, in which different indicators of relationship quality (e.g., support, conflict) and empathy (i.e., affective and cognitive) have been examined, makes it difficult to draw conclusive answers. Therefore, it remained ambiguous how parent–child and peer relationship quality are associated with adolescents’ empathy. In order to increase the understanding of these associations, a multilevel meta-analysis was performed, which allowed for including multiple effect sizes from each study. By a systematic literate search, 70 eligible studies were found that provided 390 effect sizes from 75 independent samples. The results showed a small positive correlation between parent–child relationship quality and empathy, and a small-to-moderate positive correlation between peer relationship quality and empathy, which was significantly stronger than the correlation with parent–child relationship quality. Hence, the meta-analytic results indicate that adolescents with higher quality relationships, especially with peers, indeed tend to show more concern for and understanding of others’ emotions than adolescents with lower quality relationships. Moreover, the moderation analyses showed stronger correlations for the positive dimension of relationship quality than for the negative dimension, and stronger correlations for composite scores of affective and cognitive empathy than for separate scores of the empathy dimensions. However, no differences in correlations were found between the affective and cognitive empathy dimension, and no moderation effects were found for gender and age. Thus, this meta-analysis demonstrates robust positive associations between parent–child and peer relationship quality and empathy in adolescence, implying that good empathic abilities may be a protective factor for experiencing poor relationships.
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Hastings TJ, Kavookjian J, Ekong G. Associations among student conflict management style and attitudes toward empathy. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:25-32. [PMID: 30527873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacy education standards include a focus on interprofessional education and communication skills, specifically naming conflict management and patient-centered communication as key areas. This study aimed to explore the association between conflict management style and attitudes toward empathy among first year pharmacy students (P1s) in professional encounters. METHODS A cross-sectional design was implemented among two cohorts of P1s who completed an online survey including the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument professional version (TKCI-P) and the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale (KCES). RESULTS Those scoring higher on the competing mode reported significantly lower attitudes toward empathy (p < 0.05). Those scoring higher on the accommodating mode reported significantly higher attitudes toward empathy (p < 0.05). Some student characteristics, including gender and race, were significantly associated with KCES score and/or TKCI-P mode. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that awareness and training in empathy and conflict management should be incorporated in curricular content to support the likelihood of future pharmacists to be effective in their future patient and interprofessional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Hastings
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Jan Kavookjian
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Gladys Ekong
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States.
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Crocetti E, Moscatelli S, Kaniušonytė G, Branje S, Žukauskienė R, Rubini M. Adolescents’ Self-Perception of Morality, Competence, and Sociability and their Interplay with Quality of Family, Friend, and School Relationships: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1743-1754. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Van Lissa CJ, Hawk ST, Meeus WHJ. The effects of affective and cognitive empathy on adolescents' behavior and outcomes in conflicts with mothers. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 158:32-45. [PMID: 28189885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether manipulations of affective and cognitive empathy have differential effects on observed behavior and self-reported outcomes in adolescent-mother conflict discussions. We further examined how these situational empathy inductions interact with preexisting empathic dispositions. To promote ecological validity, we conducted home visits to study conflict discussions about real disagreements in adolescent-mother relationships. We explored the roles of sex, age, and maternal support and power as covariates and moderators. Results indicated that the affective empathy manipulation had no significant effects on behavior, although a trend in the hypothesized direction suggested that affective empathy might promote active problem solving. The cognitive empathy manipulation led to lower conflict escalation and promoted other-oriented listening for adolescents low in dispositional cognitive empathy. State-trait interactions indicated that the empathy manipulations had significant effects on self-reported outcomes for adolescents lower in dispositional empathic concern. For these adolescents, both manipulations promoted outcome satisfaction, but only the cognitive manipulation promoted perceived fairness. This suggests that cognitive empathy, in particular, allows adolescents to distance themselves from the emotional heat of a conflict and listen to mothers' point of view, leading to outcomes perceived as both satisfying and fair. These findings are relevant for interventions and clinicians because they demonstrate unique effects of promoting affective versus cognitive empathy. Because even these minimal manipulations promoted significant effects on observed behavior and self-reported outcomes, particularly for low-empathy adolescents, stronger structural interventions are likely to have marked benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar J Van Lissa
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Skyler T Hawk
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Wim H J Meeus
- Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
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