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Sbeglia C, Smith CD, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. Too sensitive or not sensitive enough? Sensitivity to context and justice-involved youths' response to violence exposure. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:658-669. [PMID: 38500240 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
With high rates of violence exposure among justice-involved youth, it is critical to identify factors that might impact the likelihood of youth engaging in violence themselves. One such factor is sensitivity to context, which describes how sensitive youth are to experiences in their environment. Using an ethnically diverse sample of justice-involved male adolescents (47% Latino, 38% Black/African American, 15% White) aged 13-17 at the time of their first arrest, the results of this study indicate that exposure to violence was related to increased violent behavior six months later, and this effect was strongest among youth who were low in sensitivity to context. These findings may help practitioners identify which youth are at greatest risk for violence in a policy-relevant population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Frick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Yeung JWK. A Multi-System Approach to Investigate Different Forms of Delinquency in Female Adolescents at Risk: Family, School, and Peers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:960. [PMID: 38131816 PMCID: PMC10740767 DOI: 10.3390/bs13120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The delinquency of female adolescents at risk has increased conspicuously, much to the concern of human service and public health practitioners. Nevertheless, prior findings of pertinent research have commonly been based on samples of male or gender-mixed participants, especially general youths in the community. These cannot adequately explicate the impacts of different contextual systems on at-risk female adolescents, who are, in fact, more vulnerable to developing delinquency. Based on cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 236 at-risk female adolescents with the help of a large social work organization, the present study investigated and compared the effects of family, school, and peer systems on different forms of delinquency among at-risk female adolescents. The results show that positive family functioning, constructive school experiences, and deviant peer influence were predictive of both self-destructive and other-destructive delinquency in at-risk adolescent girls, respectively, but the effects were significantly different depending on which contextual systems influenced what forms of delinquency. Furthermore, the relationships between positive family functioning and both forms of delinquency were significantly mediated by the effects of constructive school experiences and deviant peer influence, giving support to the distal role of family and the proximal functions of school and peers in adolescence. Implications for policy prevention and interventions to strengthen the contextual supports in different social systems to help female adolescents at risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerf W. K. Yeung
- Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
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3
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Wei XY, Jiang YZ, Zhou HL, Jiang HB. Neuroticism and problematic smartphone use symptom types: Roles of anxiety and alexithymia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Defoe IN. Towards a hybrid criminological and psychological model of risk behavior: The developmental neuro-ecological risk-taking model (DNERM). DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Jose R, Hipp JR, Butts CT, Wang C, Lakon CM. A multi-contextual examination of non-school friendships and their impact on adolescent deviance and alcohol use. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245837. [PMID: 33566860 PMCID: PMC7875427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research on adolescent friendships, little is known about adolescents who are more likely to form ties outside of school. We examine multiple social and ecological contexts including parents, the school, social networks, and the neighborhood to understand the origins and health significance of out of school ties using survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 81,674). Findings indicate that out of school (more than in-school) friendships drive adolescent deviance and alcohol use, and youth with such friends tend to be involved in school activities and are central among their peer group. This suggests that intervention efforts aimed at reducing deviance and underage drinking may benefit from engaging youth with spanning social ties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Jose
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Hipp
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Carter T. Butts
- Department of Sociology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Sociology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Lakon
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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6
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Burnside AN, Gaylord-Harden NK. Hopelessness and Delinquent Behavior as Predictors of Community Violence Exposure in Ethnic Minority Male Adolescent Offenders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:801-810. [PMID: 30294761 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Justice-involved boys from urban communities are disproportionately impacted by community violence exposure (ECV) and despite decades of research, rates of ECV in youth continue to increase particularly for youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Despite the increased risk of exposure, the majority of research focuses on what may protect youth from the deleterious outcomes associated with violence exposure, rather than strategies that may prevent the violence exposure from occurring. The current study seeks to shift the focus of research in this area to examining factors that may predict future violence exposure. Specifically, the purpose of the current study is to examine the role of hopelessness as a predictor of the risk for violence exposure in a sample of 831 justice-involved, urban boys ages 14-18 (52.2% African American, 42.1% Hispanic, 5.7% other). Results revealed that baseline levels of low aspirations and hopelessness towards the future indirectly predicted violence exposure 1 year later through engagement in delinquent behavior. Clinical implications for targeting youth with elevated risk and preventing future violence exposure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Burnside
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
| | - Noni K Gaylord-Harden
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
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7
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Tolou-Shams M, Brown LK, Marshall BDL, Dauria E, Koinis-Mitchell D, Kemp K, Poindexter B. The Behavioral Health Needs of First-Time Offending Justice-Involved Youth: Substance Use, Sexual Risk and Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020; 28:291-303. [PMID: 34220180 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1774023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines substance use, emotional/behavioral symptoms and sexual risk among first-time offending, court-involved, non-incarcerated (FTO-CINI) youth. Youth and caregivers (N=423) completed tablet-based assessments. By time of first justice contact (average 14.5 years old), 49% used substances, 40% were sexually active and 33% reported both. Youth with co-occurring substance use and sexual risk had more emotional/behavioral symptoms; youth with delinquent offenses and females had greater co-occurring risk. Time of first offense is a critical period to intervene upon high rates of mental health need for those with co-occurring substance use and sexual risk to prevent poor health and legal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health; 121 S Main St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Emily Dauria
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Brittney Poindexter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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8
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Wang W, Luo M, Xi C, Lei Y, Pan S, Gao X, Xu Y, Huang G, Deng X, Guo L, Lu C. Cross-sectional study on influence of the family environment on the lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs among Chinese adolescents in Guangdong: an analysis of sex differences. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026758. [PMID: 31278096 PMCID: PMC6615848 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess if adolescents had used any prescription drugs non-medically, to explore the associations between the family environment and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and to investigate whether there are any sex differences in the aforementioned associations. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from high school students in Guangdong who were sampled using a multistage, stratified-cluster, random-sampling method in the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 774 students aged 12-20 years. DATA ANALYSIS Multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the univariable and multivariable relationship between family environment and NMUPD among adolescents. Adjusted ORs and corresponding 95% CI were calculated. OUTCOME MEASURES Questions regarding to adolescent' NMUPD (including sedative, opioid and stimulant) were surveyed in the study. RESULTS A total of 6.3% students reported lifetime NMUPD in this study. The most commonly used drugs were opioids (3.9%), followed by sedatives (3.2%) and stimulants (2.5%). Multilevel analyses indicated that living arrangements, family economic status, parental relationships, parental education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly correlated to the NMUPD among all students. Among boys, living arrangements, family economic status, maternal education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly related to different types of NMUPD. The same factors were related to girls' NMUPD, except for maternal education levels. Parental relationships and paternal education levels were also associated with girls' NMUPD. CONCLUSION The family environment exerts an important influence on adolescents' NMUPD. Interventions targeted at families are highly recommended considering the negative effects of NMUPD. In addition, the child's sex might be taken into consideration when developing and implementing preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhao Xi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Lei
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Pan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Deng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - CiYong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Simmons C, Fine A, Knowles A, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. The Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits, Psychosocial Maturity, and Delinquent Behavior Among Justice-Involved Youth. Child Dev 2018; 91:e120-e133. [PMID: 30368784 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for severe and persistent patterns of juvenile delinquency. Given the influence of CU trait assessments in justice-system settings, it is important to determine whether the predictive utility of CU traits is conditional on the absence of protective psychosocial factors. Employing a sample of justice-involved male youth (N = 1,216, Mage = 15.29), this study examined whether psychosocial maturity (PSM) outweighs or attenuates the effect of CU traits on delinquency. Results indicated that youth with high CU traits or low PSM offended more during the year following their first arrest. Additionally, PSM moderated the relation between CU traits and offending, such that higher PSM was associated with less offending but only among low CU youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul J Frick
- Louisiana State University.,Australian Catholic University
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10
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James Garbarino: Millers Children: Why Giving Teenage Killers a Second Chance Matters for All of Us. J Youth Adolesc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Fish AJ. Cara H. Drinan, The War on Kids: How American Juvenile Justice Lost Its Way. J Youth Adolesc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Valizadeh L, Zamanzadeh V, Rassouli M, Rahkar Farshi M. Concerns of Parents with or Raising Adolescent Children: a Qualitative Study of Iranian Families. J Caring Sci 2018; 7:27-33. [PMID: 29637054 PMCID: PMC5889795 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2018.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is a
challenging period and cultural background plays an important role in
families with adolescent. So exploring parents’
concerns in the specific context of Iran may improves nurses' family-based
services and helps to reduce conflicts Iranian families with respect to
adolescents. In this paper we explore perceptions of Iranian parents’
concerns in the family with raising adolescent children.
Methods: Participants of this
qualitative content analysis study were 23 parents with adolescents, who were
recruited through purposive sampling. Data collection was done through semi
structured in-depth interviews and analyzed based on Graneheim and Landman’s
approach. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to ensure the
accuracy and strength of the study.
Results: The theme
"rebellion against parents’ authority" was supported by two categories: (1)
parent-teenage conflict, and (2) difficulty in controlling. As the offspring enter adolescence, parents feel that their child is
going to leave their domain.
Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that the incongruity arises when
traditional family norms fail to adapt to new patterns. Change of social and
cultural norms in developing societies, has led to generational differences
in families. This issue accompanied with adolescence, increases parents’
concern. So we recommend parental educational programs for learning
effectively patterns for resisting internal challenges and communicate with
adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Valizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Zamanzadeh
- Department of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahni Rahkar Farshi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Vogel M, Van Ham M. Unpacking the Relationships between Impulsivity, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Adolescent Violence: An Application of a Neighborhood-Based Group Decomposition. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:859-871. [PMID: 28555293 PMCID: PMC5852190 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Scholars have become increasingly interested in how social environments condition the relationships between individual risk-factors and adolescent behavior. An appreciable portion of this literature is concerned with the relationship between impulsivity and delinquency across neighborhood settings. The present article builds upon this growing body of research by considering the more nuanced pathways through which neighborhood disadvantage shapes the development of impulsivity and provides a situational context for impulsive tendencies to manifest in violent and aggressive behaviors. Using a sample of 12,935 adolescent from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (mean age = 15.3, 51% female; 20% Black, 17% Hispanic), we demonstrate the extent to which variation in the association between impulsivity and delinquency across neighborhoods can be attributed to (1) differences in mean-levels of impulsivity and violence and (2) differences in coefficients across neighborhoods. The results of a series of multivariate regression models indicate that impulsivity is positively associated with self-reported violence, and that this relationship is strongest among youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The moderating effect of neighborhood disadvantage can be attributed primarily to the stronger effect of impulsivity on violence in these areas, while differences in average levels of violence and impulsivity account for a smaller, yet nontrivial portion of the observed relationship. These results indicate that the differential effect of impulsivity on violence can be attributed to both developmental processes that lead to the greater concentration of violent and impulsive adolescents in economically deprived neighborhoods as well as the greater likelihood of impulsive adolescents engaging in violence when they reside in economically disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Vogel
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, USA. .,Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, OTB-Research for the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Van Ham
- Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, OTB-Research for the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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14
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Jensen M, Chassin L, Gonzales NA. Neighborhood Moderation of Sensation Seeking Effects on Adolescent Substance Use Initiation. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1953-1967. [PMID: 28220280 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use carries a considerable public health burden, and early initiation into use is especially problematic. Research has shown that trait sensation seeking increases risk for substance use initiation, but less is known about contextual factors that can potentially unmask this risk. This study utilized a diverse longitudinal subsample of youth (N = 454) from a larger study of familial alcoholism (53.1% female, 61% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 27.8% Hispanic, 11.2% other ethnicity). Study questions examined sensation seeking in early adolescence (mean age = 12.16) and its relations with later substance use initiation (mean age = 15.69), and tested whether neighborhood disadvantage moderated sensation seeking's effects on initiation of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Neighborhood disadvantage significantly moderated the relation between sensation seeking and all three forms of substance use. For the most part, sensation seeking effects were weakened as neighborhood disadvantage increased, with the most advantaged neighborhoods exhibiting the strongest link between sensation seeking and substance use initiation. These results highlight the importance of focusing on relatively advantaged areas as potentially risky environments for the sensation seeking pathway to substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeline Jensen
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 E. Franklin Street Suite 200, CB #8115, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8115, USA.
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Nancy A Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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