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Davis DW, Jawad K, Feygin YB, Stevenson M, Wattles B, Jones VF, Porter J, Lohr WD, Le J. The Relationships Among Neighborhood Disadvantage, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Diagnoses, and Race/Ethnicity in a U.S. Urban Location. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01751-w. [PMID: 39192086 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Childhood health disparities by race have been found. Neighborhood disadvantage, which may result from racism, may impact outcomes. The aim of the study is to describe the distribution of mental health (MH) and developmental disabilities (DD) diagnosis across Child Opportunity Index (COI) levels by race/ethnicity. A cross-sectional study using 2022 outpatient visit data for children < 18 years living in the Louisville Metropolitan Area (n = 115,738) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the association between diagnoses and COI levels, controlling for sex and age. Almost 18,000 children (15.5%) had a MH or DD (7,905 [6.8%]) diagnosis. In each COI level, the prevalence of MH diagnosis was lower for non-Hispanic (N-H) Black than for N-H White children. In adjusted analyses, there were no significant associations between diagnoses and COI for non-White children for MH or DD diagnoses. The odds of receiving a MH [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.62, 1.87)] and DD [OR: 1.69 (95% CI: 1.51, 1.88)] diagnosis were higher among N-H White children living in Very Low compared to Very High COI areas. Current findings suggest that COI does not explain disparities in diagnosis for non-White children. More research is needed to identify potential multi-level drivers such as other forms of racism. Identifying programs, policies, and interventions to reduce childhood poverty and link children and families to affordable, family-centered, quality community mental and physical health resources is needed to ensure that families can build trusting relationships with the providers while minimizing stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Winders Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Norton Children's Research Institute Affiliated With the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Kahir Jawad
- Norton Children's Research Institute Affiliated With the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yana B Feygin
- Norton Children's Research Institute Affiliated With the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michelle Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bethany Wattles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Veronnie Faye Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Health Science Center Office of Diversity and Inclusion, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W David Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer Le
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Norton Children's Medical Group, Louisville, KY, USA
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Yuan X, Gou Y, Zeng L, Chen Q. Ethnic socialisation profiles and depression among ethnic minority adolescents in China: a person-centred approach. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2175. [PMID: 39134958 PMCID: PMC11318263 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic socialisation plays a vital role in the development of ethnic minority adolescents. However, the generalizability of research findings beyond the context of immigrant societies in the United States remains unclear. METHODS Utilising a person-centred approach, this study analysed a sample of 2,600 ethnic minority adolescents in China (55.8% female, Mage = 14.93 ± 1.82) to explore ethnic socialisation patterns, and their correlations with depression. RESULTS Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct ethnic socialisation profiles: low-frequency, moderate-frequency, high-frequency and proactive integration orientation. Adolescents with the high-frequency profile displayed the highest levels of depression, followed by those with the moderate-frequency profile, whereas adolescents with the low-frequency and proactive integration orientation profiles showed a lower risk of depression. CONCLUSIONS Within the sociocultural context of China, ethnic minority families' ethnic socialisation practices demonstrate unique characteristics. Various ethnic socialisation messages are integrated in diverse patterns to exert influence on adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Yuan
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of State Ethnic Affairs Commissionin, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yushi Gou
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Zeng
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of State Ethnic Affairs Commissionin, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang MR, Shen Y, Choi Y, Kim K. Parental Academic Socialization and Youth Adjustments: A Comparison of Korean Youth in South Korea, China, and the United States. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2526-2544. [PMID: 37620683 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Although parental academic socialization may be a product of culture, ethnic/racial minority status may play a significant role, above and beyond the impact of culture, in shaping parental academic socialization and its implications for youth adjustments. This study examined Korean youth living in South Korea (N = 524, Mage = 14.98, SD = 1.45, 50.1% female), China (N = 267, Mage = 15.24, SD = 1.66, 58.9% female), and the U.S. (N = 408, Mage = 14.76, SD = 1.91, 47.3% female) who share the same heritage culture but have different social positions (majority or minority). Korean youth as an ethnic/racial minority in the U.S. or China reported higher parental academic socialization than those in South Korea, supporting a significant role of social positions in how parents practice academic socialization. This study also found that the distinct practices of academic socialization function differently in youth adjustment. Parental commitment to education, parental involvement, and autonomy support were positively associated with youth's school engagement, but achievement-oriented psychological control was associated with more depressive symptoms and antisocial behaviors. These associations did not differ across the three samples. Some nuanced differences also emerged. Parental commitment to education was associated with higher grades in Korean Chinese (but not Korean American) youth, and achievement-oriented psychological control was associated with lower school engagement among Korean Chinese (but not South Korean) youth and higher grades among South Korean (but not Korean American) youth. These findings highlight the role of academic socialization as an adaptive strategy for ethnic/racial minorities to succeed in host societies and the generally universal role of parental academic socialization in youth adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Run Zhang
- Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | - Yoonsun Choi
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kiang L, Stein GL, Juang LP. Ethnic and Racial Identity of Immigrants and Effects on Mental Health. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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