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A Review of the Fabrication Methods, Testing, and Performance of Face Masks. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in the performance and compatibility of face masks has remained the focus of researchers in recent years, especially after the emergence of the COVID pandemic. Although a lot of progress in the design, tolerability, and comfort of the mask has been reported, there are certain limitations, requiring further improvement. The present review aims to highlight the filtration efficacy, comfort, and associated characteristic of various types of face masks and respirators as a function of their design and structure. In addition, the air pollutants, their adverse effects on health, certified respirators, and face masks are also discussed. The present review also provides an insight into different types of commercially available face masks in terms of their materials, filtration efficiency, and limitations. The role of emerging trends (such as nanotechnology and high-performance polymers) in the improvement and development of face masks and respirators is also discussed.
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Electrospun Polylactide/Natural Rubber Fibers: Effect Natural Rubber Content on Fiber Morphology and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142232. [PMID: 34300990 PMCID: PMC8309220 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-woven polylactide-natural rubber fiber materials with a rubber content of 5, 10 and 15 wt.% were obtained by electrospinning. The thermal, dynamic, and mechanical properties of the fibers were determined. It was shown that the average fiber diameter increased with adding of the NR content, while the linear and surface densities changed slightly. Using the differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal characteristics were obtained. It was found that the glass transition temperature of polylactide increased by 2–5 °C, and the melting temperature increased by 2–4 °C in the presence of natural rubber in the samples. By the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance at T = 50 and 70 °C it was determined that the mobility of the amorphous phase in PLA/NR fibers increased with the addition of NR. The adding of NR at a content of 15 wt.% increased the value of elongation at break by 3.5 times compared to pure PLA.
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Rehan M, El-Naggar ME, Al-Enizi AM, Alothman AA, Nafady A, Abdelhameed RM. Development of silk fibers decorated with the in situ synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles: antimicrobial activity and creatinine adsorption capacity. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Essa WK, Yasin SA, Saeed IA, Ali GAM. Nanofiber-Based Face Masks and Respirators as COVID-19 Protection: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:250. [PMID: 33808380 PMCID: PMC8066241 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearing face masks, use of respirators, social distancing, and practicing personal hygiene are all measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pandemic has revealed the deficiency of face masks and respirators across the world. Therefore, significant efforts are needed to develop air filtration and purification technologies, as well as innovative, alternative antibacterial and antiviral treatment methods. It has become urgent-in order for humankind to have a sustainable future-to provide a feasible solution to air pollution, particularly to capture fine inhalable particulate matter in the air. In this review, we present, concisely, the air pollutants and adverse health effects correlated with long- and short-term exposure to humans; we provide information about certified face masks and respirators, their compositions, filtration mechanisms, and the variations between surgical masks and N95 respirators, in order to alleviate confusion and misinformation. Then, we summarize the electrospun nanofiber-based filters and their unique properties to improve the filtration efficiency of face masks and respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa K. Essa
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Suhad A. Yasin
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Ibtisam A. Saeed
- College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq; (W.K.E.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Gomaa A. M. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Majumder S, Matin MA, Sharif A, Arafat MT. Electrospinning of antibacterial cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol fiber with in situ reduced silver particles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Cardoso VMDO, Moreira BJ, Comparetti EJ, Sampaio I, Ferreira LMB, Lins PMP, Zucolotto V. Is Nanotechnology Helping in the Fight Against COVID-19? FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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7
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Wen S, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Huang S, Zuo Y, Min Y. Dual-functional core-shell electrospun mats with precisely controlled release of anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agents. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:514-522. [PMID: 30948088 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute wounds are worldwide problems affecting millions of people and causing heavy economic burden to national healthcare systems. Herein, we describe novel wound dressing materials relying on core/shell electrospun mats incorporated with flurbiprofen and vancomycin for achieving programmable release of anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agents. The shell matrix of nanofibers consisted of polyethylene oxide while the core matrix was made from a blend of silk and collagen. Several optimal mat architectures were engineered with distinct configurations, of which release profiles displayed an exponential trend, which indicates a first-order process following Fickian diffusion behavior. The flurbiprofen release lasted from 2 to 6 days, which was much faster compared to the one of vancomycin prolonged up to about 20 days. Mechanical data indicated tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation before break of core/shell electrospun mats became enhanced or comparable to those for human skin after methanol vapor treatment. Desirable release kinetics and mechanical characteristics achieved by novel core/shell electrospun mats were attributable to induced enrichment of β-sheet phase in silk via methanol vapor treatment as well as water annealing process with time and judicious selections for matrix materials and mat configurations. The design principles considered in this study successfully addressed a range of inflammation and infection requirements in wound healing, potentially guiding construction of other biomedical coatings and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Wen
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yupeng Hu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yuchen Zuo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Younjin Min
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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8
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Haider A, Haider S, Kang IK. A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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9
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Multifunctional Surface Modification of Mulberry Silk Fabric via PNIPAAm/Chitosan/PEO Nanofibers Coating and Cross-Linking Technology. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Antibacterial modification of nylon-6 nanofibers: structure, properties and antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Brincat JP, Sardella D, Muscat A, Decelis S, Grima JN, Valdramidis V, Gatt R. A review of the state-of-the-art in air filtration technologies as may be applied to cold storage warehouses. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Faghihi K, Raeisi A, Honardoost E, Shabanian M, Mirzakhanian Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of New Poly(ether-amide)/Silver Nanocomposites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Faghihi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Arak University; Arak 38156 Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Arak University; Arak 38156 Iran
| | - Elham Honardoost
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Arak University; Arak 38156 Iran
| | - Meisam Shabanian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering; Standard Research Institute; Karaj P.O. Box 31745-139 Iran
| | - Zeinab Mirzakhanian
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Arak University; Arak 38156 Iran
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Shahid-ul-Islam SUI, Butola BS, Mohammad F. Silver nanomaterials as future colorants and potential antimicrobial agents for natural and synthetic textile materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, antimicrobial textiles have gained considerable interest for use in different application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. S. Butola
- Department of Textile Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Faqeer Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University)
- New Delhi-110025
- India
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Air filtration and antimicrobial capabilities of electrospun PLA/PHB containing ionic liquid. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Xu Z, Mahalingam S, Rohn J, Ren G, Edirisinghe M. Physio-chemical and antibacterial characteristics of pressure spun nylon nanofibres embedded with functional silver nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Montazer M, Komeily Nia Z. Conductive nylon fabric through in situ synthesis of nano-silver: Preparation and characterization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kleyi P, Jacobs V, Na CK, Frost CL, Tshentu ZR, Torto N. Fabrication and Antibacterial Activity of Electrospun Nylon 6 Nanofibers Grafted With 2-Substituted Vinylimidazoles. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.945202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Barani H. Antibacterial continuous nanofibrous hybrid yarn through in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles: preparation and characterization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:50-7. [PMID: 25175187 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrous hybrid yarns of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-l-lactide acid (PLLA) with the antibacterial activity were prepared that contains 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of silver nanoparticles according to the PVA polymer content. This was performed by electrospinning using distilled water and 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol as a solvent for PVA and PLLA respectively, and sodium borohydride was used as a reducing agent. The scanning electron microscope observation confirmed the formation of AgNPs into the PVA nanofiber structure, and they were uniform, bead free, cylindrical and smooth. The diameter of hybrid yarns and their nanofiber component was decreased as the silver nitrate concentration in electrospinning solutions was increased. The differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the silver nanoparticles can form interactions with polymer chains and decrease the melting enthalpy. The mechanical analysis showed a lower stress and strain at break of the AgNP-loaded nanofibrous hybrid yarns than the unloaded hybrid yarn. However, there wasn't a statistically significant difference between the strain at break of electrospun nanofibrous hybrid yarns. Moreover, the bactericidal efficiency of all loaded samples was over 99.99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Barani
- Department of Carpet, Faculty of Art, University of Birjand, 17 Shahrivar Street, Birjand, Iran.
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Haddadine N, Chalal S, Bouslah N, Souilah S, Benaboura A, Barille R. Preparation and characterization of carbopol/silver nanoparticles composites obtained by heating process for antimicrobial application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Synthesis of nanosilver on polyamide fabric using silver/ammonia complex. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 38:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Ti Y, Lv Y, Chen D. The preparation and characterization of Fe-octacarboxyl acid phthalocyanine—polyethylene glycol/polyurethane blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) fiber mats containing crude Garcinia mangostana extracts for use as wound dressings. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Sundarrajan S, Tan KL, Lim SH, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun Nanofibers for Air Filtration Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nasreen SAAN, Sundarrajan S, Nizar SAS, Balamurugan R, Ramakrishna S. Advancement in electrospun nanofibrous membranes modification and their application in water treatment. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:266-84. [PMID: 24957057 PMCID: PMC4021948 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water, among the most valuable natural resources available on earth, is under serious threat as a result of undesirable human activities: for example, marine dumping, atmospheric deposition, domestic, industrial and agricultural practices. Optimizing current methodologies and developing new and effective techniques to remove contaminants from water is the current focus of interest, in order to renew the available water resources. Materials like nanoparticles, polymers, and simple organic compounds, inorganic clay materials in the form of thin film, membrane or powder have been employed for water treatment. Among these materials, membrane technology plays a vital role in removal of contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. Though many materials are under investigation, nanofibers driven membrane are more valuable and reliable. Synthetic methodologies applied over the modification of membrane and its applications in water treatment have been reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Anwar Ahamed Nabeela Nasreen
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117575, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
| | - Syed Abdulrahim Syed Nizar
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
| | - Ramalingam Balamurugan
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117581, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, 117575, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.A.A.N.N.); (S.S.); (S.R.); Tel.: +65-6516-4272 (S.R.); Fax: +65-6773-0339 (S.R.)
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Kleyi P, Frost CL, Tshentu ZR, Torto N. Electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2-substitutedN-alkylimidazoles and their silver(I) complexes for antibacterial applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phumelele Kleyi
- Department of Chemistry; Rhodes University; Grahamstown South Africa
| | - Carminita L. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | | | - Nelson Torto
- Department of Chemistry; Rhodes University; Grahamstown South Africa
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Maryan AS, Montazer M, Harifi T. One step synthesis of silver nanoparticles and discoloration of blue cotton denim garment in alkali media. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Xu M, Hu J, Zou X, Dong S, Liu M, Yang X, Liu X. Fe3O4/FePc/Pc magnetic composites with high mechanical properties and thermal stabilities by in situ preparation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Chalal S, Haddadine N, Bouslah N, Benaboura A. Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid)/silver nanocomposite by simultaneous polymerization–reduction approach for antimicrobial application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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