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Li J, Chu H, Chen Z, Yiu CK, Qu Q, Li Z, Yu X. Recent Advances in Materials, Devices and Algorithms Toward Wearable Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17407-17438. [PMID: 38923501 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Continuous blood pressure (BP) tracking provides valuable insights into the health condition and functionality of the heart, arteries, and overall circulatory system of humans. The rapid development in flexible and wearable electronics has significantly accelerated the advancement of wearable BP monitoring technologies. However, several persistent challenges, including limited sensing capabilities and stability of flexible sensors, poor interfacial stability between sensors and skin, and low accuracy in BP estimation, have hindered the progress in wearable BP monitoring. To address these challenges, comprehensive innovations in materials design, device development, system optimization, and modeling have been pursued to improve the overall performance of wearable BP monitoring systems. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in flexible and wearable systems toward continuous noninvasive BP tracking with a primary focus on materials development, device design, system integration, and theoretical algorithms. Existing challenges, potential solutions, and further research directions are also discussed to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the development of future wearable systems in continuous ambulatory BP measurement with enhanced sensing capability, robustness, and long-term accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing'ao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Morali A, Mandal A, Skorobogatiy M, Bodkhe S. Unleashing the piezoelectric potential of PVDF: a study on phase transformation from gamma (γ) to beta (β) phase through thermal contact poling. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31234-31242. [PMID: 37886017 PMCID: PMC10598514 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is known for its piezoelectric properties. This material has different crystalline phases, alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ), where the β-phase, in particular, is related to the piezoelectric behavior of PVDF. While the transformation from the α-phase to β-phase in PVDF is well-documented and widely studied, the transformation from γ- to β-phase has not yet been fully explored. However, when PVDF is produced by certain solution-based methods it can adopt its γ-form, which is not as piezoelectric as the β-phase. Hence, this study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the transformation from γ- to β-phase in PVDF nanocomposites films obtained from solution-based techniques. Our PVDF nanocomposite is made by solvent evaporation-assisted 3D printing of PVDF's nanocomposite with barium-titanate nanoparticles (BTO). To achieve the γ- to β-phase transformation, we first highlight the importance of annealing in the successful poling of PVDF samples. We then perform an in-depth analysis of the α-, β- and γ-crystallographic phases of PVDF-BTO using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We observed that after annealing but before poling, the PVDF-BTO nanocomposite contains 76% of β + γ phases, the majority of which is the γ-phase. Poling of these samples resulted in the combination of the β + γ phases reaching 93% with the appearance of 40% of absolute fraction of the β-phase. We then demonstrated that the fraction of β-phase in the nanocomposite - as indicated by the 1275 cm-1 peak in PVDF's FTIR spectra - is not uniform on the surface area of the film. Additionally, the value of the absolute β-phase content also depends on the poling field's direction. Our work reveals that while considering PVDF's piezoelectric behavior, it is critical to be aware of these nuances and this article offers essential insights on how to address them. Overall, this study provides a step-by-step guideline to enhance the piezoelectricity of PVDF-based nanocomposites for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Morali
- Laboratory for Intelligent Structures, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Polytechnique Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Arijit Mandal
- Laboratory for Intelligent Structures, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Polytechnique Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Maksim Skorobogatiy
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Sampada Bodkhe
- Laboratory for Intelligent Structures, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Polytechnique Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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Torres-Rodriguez J, E. Bedolla D, D’Amico F, Koopmann AK, Vaccari L, Saccomano G, Kohns R, Huesing N. Polyvinylidene Fluoride Aerogels with Tailorable Crystalline Phase Composition. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110727. [PMID: 36354635 PMCID: PMC9689208 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) aerogels with a tailorable phase composition were prepared by following the crystallization-induced gelation principle. A series of PVDF wet gels (5 to 12 wt.%) were prepared from either PVDF−DMF solutions or a mixture of DMF and ethanol as non-solvent. The effects of the non-solvent concentration on the crystalline composition of the PVDF aerogels were thoroughly investigated. It was found that the nucleating role of ethanol can be adjusted to produce low-density PVDF aerogels, whereas the changes in composition by the addition of small amounts of water to the solution promote the stabilization of the valuable β and γ phases. These phases of the aerogels were monitored by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Furthermore, the crystallization process was followed by in-time and in situ ATR−FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained aerogels displayed specific surface areas > 150 m2 g−1, with variable particle morphologies that are dependent on the non-solvent composition, as observed by using SEM and Synchrotron Radiation Computed micro-Tomography (SR-μCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Torres-Rodriguez
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Diana E. Bedolla
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS14 Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Koopmann
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS14 Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Saccomano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS14 Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard Kohns
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicola Huesing
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, Jakob Haringer-Str. 2A, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Sasmal A, Sen S, Arockiarajan A. Strategies Involved in Enhancing the Capacitive Energy Storage Characteristics of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Based Flexible Composites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sasmal
- Functional Materials and Devices Division (FMDD) CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI) Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
- Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Shrabanee Sen
- Functional Materials and Devices Division (FMDD) CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI) Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
- Ceramic Technologies Group-Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic Mobility Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras) 600036 Chennai India
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Zhao JH, He BS, Li AS, Wang CN, Li QQ, Hu ZJ. Polar Phase Formation and Piezoelectricity of PVDF by Hot-pressing under Electrostatic Intermolecular Interactions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Liu WG, Lin DB, Niu XL, Zhou S, Zhang J, Ge SB, Zhu YC, Meng X, Chen ZL. Fabrication and Optical Properties of Transparent P(VDF-TrFE) Ultrathin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:588. [PMID: 35214916 PMCID: PMC8879241 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) are widely used in piezoelectric tactile sensors, vibration energy harvesters, optical frequency conversion materials and organic photo-voltaic devices because of high electroactive, good optical and nonlinear optical properties, respectively. In this work, the multilayer structured ultrathin films were fabricated by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, and the thickness per layer can be controlled accurately. It was found that as the collapse pressure of P(VDF-TrFE) (25:75) and the optimal dipping value are 60~70 mN/m and 15 mN/m, respectively, a high-density film can be obtained due to the compression of molecules. The surface topography and optical properties of the LB films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, white light interferometer and variable-angle spectrum ellipsometer. It was observed that the films are transparent in the visible region and IR-band, but show a high absorption in the UV band. Besides, the transmittance of the films ranges from 50% to 85% in the visible region, and it linearly decreases with the number of monolayers. The average thickness of per deposition layer is 2.447 nm, 2.688 nm and 2.072 nm, respectively, under three measurement methods. The calculated refractive index ranged from 1.443 to 1.598 (600~650 nm) by the Cauchy-model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Guo Liu
- Thin Film and Optical Manufacturing Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.L.); (X.-L.N.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.-B.G.); (Y.-C.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.-L.C.)
| | - Da-Bin Lin
- Thin Film and Optical Manufacturing Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.L.); (X.-L.N.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.-B.G.); (Y.-C.Z.); (X.M.); (Z.-L.C.)
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Khalifa M, Schoeffmann E, Lammer H, Mahendran AR, Wuzella G, Anandhan S. A study on electroactive PVDF/mica nanosheet composites with an enhanced γ-phase for capacitive and piezoelectric force sensing. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10891-10902. [PMID: 34807219 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a multifunctional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/mica nanosheet composite (PMNC) thin film was developed for preparing a capacitive and piezoelectric force sensor. A high electroactive γ-phase content (89%) of PVDF was achieved through a facile rapid cooling process of PMNC films. The crystallinity of PVDF decreased upon the addition of mica nanosheets, while the dielectric constant increased significantly (∼300%). The capacitance-based PMNC pressure sensor was found to be sensitive to the applied pressure. On the other hand, piezoelectric voltages of 18 V (single layer) and 32 V (multi-layer) were generated for PMNCs loaded with 1% mica nanosheets. Furthermore, a PMNC based nanogenerator generated a power density of 8.8 μW cm-2 and showed excellent durability (>60 000 cycles). High flexibility, lightweight and skin-friendly PMNCs could be a potential material in applications such as energy harvesting, energy storage, actuators, and self-powered and smart wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | | | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | | | - Guenter Wuzella
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - S Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru-575025, India.
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Mahapatra SD, Mohapatra PC, Aria AI, Christie G, Mishra YK, Hofmann S, Thakur VK. Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications: Roadmap for Future Smart Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100864. [PMID: 34254467 PMCID: PMC8425885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely referred to as "smart" materials because they can transduce mechanical pressure acting on them to electrical signals and vice versa. They are extensively utilized in harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations, human motion, mechanical loads, etc., and converting them into electrical energy for low power devices. Piezoelectric transduction offers high scalability, simple device designs, and high-power densities compared to electro-magnetic/static and triboelectric transducers. This review aims to give a holistic overview of recent developments in piezoelectric nanostructured materials, polymers, polymer nanocomposites, and piezoelectric films for implementation in energy harvesting. The progress in fabrication techniques, morphology, piezoelectric properties, energy harvesting performance, and underpinning fundamental mechanisms for each class of materials, including polymer nanocomposites using conducting, non-conducting, and hybrid fillers are discussed. The emergent application horizon of piezoelectric energy harvesters particularly for wireless devices and self-powered sensors is highlighted, and the current challenges and future prospects are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmriti Das Mahapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Preetam Chandan Mohapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface Engineering and Precision CentreSchool of AerospaceTransport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUK
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QTUK
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen InstituteNanoSYDUniversity of Southern DenmarkAlsion 2Sønderborg6400Denmark
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research CenterScotland's Rural College (SRUC)Kings BuildingsEdinburghEH9 3JGUK
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringShiv Nadar UniversityDelhiUttar Pradesh201314India
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Poothanari MA, Michaud V, Damjanovic D, Leterrier Y. Surface modified microfibrillated cellulose‐poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites: β‐phase formation, viscoelastic and dielectric performance. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif Poothanari
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Véronique Michaud
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Dragan Damjanovic
- Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
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10
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Zhai W, Nie J, Zhu L. Enhanced Flexible Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) Piezoelectric Nanogenerators by SnSe Nanosheet Doping and Solvent Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32278-32285. [PMID: 34190532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with light weight, good flexibility, and simple processing are promising in mechanical energy conversion. Here, a high-output polymer PENG composed of a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene)/SnSe nanosheet (NS) nanocomposite film has been fabricated and tested. After a treatment with mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE), the optimal nanocomposite PENG exhibits high piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 25.06 pC·N-1, a prominent open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 15.36 V·cm-2, and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 1.02 μA·cm-2. Moreover, the PENG can generate an output power density of up to 10.72 μW·cm-2 under a vertical force of 50 N. The attractive piezoelectric performance results from the doping of SnSe NSs with a high piezoelectric coefficient and also the increased β-phase ascribed to the introduction of nucleating agent NSs and the TCE solvent. The PENGs reveal great application potentials in consumer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Laipan Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Liu X, Shang Y, Zhang J, Zhang C. Ionic Liquid-Assisted 3D Printing of Self-Polarized β-PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14334-14341. [PMID: 33729751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have unparalleled advantages in constructing piezoelectric devices with three-dimensional structures, which are conducive to improving the efficiency of energy harvesting. Among them, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widely used thanks to its low cost and wide range of molding materials. However, as the best piezoelectric polymer, a high electroactive β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) piezoelectric device cannot be directly obtained by FDM printing because the β-crystal is unstable at the molten state. Herein, we develop for the first time ionic liquid (IL)-assisted FDM for direct printing of β-PVDF piezoelectric devices. An IL can induce and maintain β crystals during melt extrusion and FDM printing, ensuring that the β-crystal in the printed PVDF device is as high as 98.3%, which is the highest in 3D-printed PVDF as far as we know. Furthermore, the shearing force provided by the FDM facilitates the directional arrangement of the dipoles, resulting in the printed PVDF device having self-polarization characteristics without poling. Finally, the piezoelectric output voltage of the 3D-printed PVDF device is 4.7 times that of the flat PVDF device, and its area current density (17.5 nA cm-2) is more than that of the reported 3D-printed PVDF piezoelectric device in the literature by two orders of magnitude. The one-step 3D printing strategy proposed in this paper can realize the rapid preparation of complex-shaped and lightweight self-polarized β-PVDF-based piezoelectric devices for energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yinghao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Ramanujam BTS, Adhyapak PV, Radhakrishnan S, Marimuthu R. Effect of casting solvent on the structure development, electrical, thermal behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–carbon nanofiber (CNF) conducting binary and hybrid nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tran TTV, Kumar SR, Nguyen CH, Lee JW, Tsai HA, Hsieh CH, Lue SJ. High-permeability graphene oxide and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blended poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes: Roles of additives and their cumulative effects. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Lead-Free Flexible PVDF-Barium Titanate Composite Films for Driving Low Power Electronics. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-powered sensor development is moving towards miniaturization and requires a suitable power source for its operation. The piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is a potential candidate to act as a partial solution to suppress the burgeoning energy demand. The present work is focused on the development of the PENG based on flexible polymer-ceramic composite films. The X-ray spectra suggest that the BTO particles have tetragonal symmetry and the PVDF-BTO composite films (CF) have a mixed phase. The dielectric constant increases with the introduction of the particles in the PVDF polymer and the loss of the CF is much less for all compositions. The BTO particles have a wide structural diversity and are lead-free, which can be further employed to make a CF. An attempt was made to design a robust, scalable, and cost-effective piezoelectric nanogenerator based on the PVDF-BTO CFs. The solvent casting route was a facile approach, with respect to spin coating, electrospinning, or sonication routes. The introduction of the BTO particles into PVDF enhanced the dielectric constant and polarization of the composite film. Furthermore, the single-layered device output could be increased by strategies such as internal polarization amplification, which was confirmed with the help of the polarization-electric field loop of the PVDF-BTO composite film. The piezoelectric nanogenerator with 10 wt% BTO-PVDF CF gives a high electrical output of voltage 7.2 V, current 38 nA, and power density of 0.8 μW/cm2 at 100 MΩ. Finally, the energy harvesting using the fabricated PENG is done by various actives like coin dropping, under air blowing, and finger tapping. Finally, low-power electronics such as calculator is successfully powered by charging a 10 μF capacitor using the PENG device.
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Kaspar P, Sobola D, Částková K, Knápek A, Burda D, Orudzhev F, Dallaev R, Tofel P, Trčka T, Grmela L, Hadaš Z. Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Electrospun Fibers Doped by Carbon Flakes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2766. [PMID: 33255198 PMCID: PMC7760733 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a modern polymer material used in a wide variety of ways. Thanks to its excellent resistance to chemical or thermal degradation and low reactivity, it finds use in biology, chemistry, and electronics as well. By enriching the polymer with an easily accessible and cheap variant of graphite, it is possible to affect the ratio of crystalline phases. A correlation between the ratios of crystalline phases and different properties, like dielectric constant as well as piezo- and triboelectric properties, has been found, but the relationship between them is highly complex. These changes have been observed by a number of methods from structural, chemical and electrical points of view. Results of these methods have been documented to create a basis for further research and experimentation on the usability of this combined material in more complex structures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kaspar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Dinara Sobola
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
- Central European Institute of Technology BUT, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Ecology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, St. M. Gadjieva 43-a, 367015 Dagestan Republic, Russia;
| | - Klára Částková
- Central European Institute of Technology BUT, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Ceramics and Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Knápek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Burda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Farid Orudzhev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Ecology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, St. M. Gadjieva 43-a, 367015 Dagestan Republic, Russia;
| | - Rashid Dallaev
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Pavel Tofel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
- Central European Institute of Technology BUT, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Trčka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Lubomír Grmela
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.S.); (D.B.); (R.D.); (P.T.); (T.T.); (L.G.)
- Central European Institute of Technology BUT, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdeněk Hadaš
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic;
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16
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Lizundia E, Reizabal A, Costa CM, Maceiras A, Lanceros-Méndez S. Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E743. [PMID: 32041217 PMCID: PMC7040804 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated into poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to tailor the mechanical and dielectric properties of this electroactive polymer. PVDF/CNC nanocomposites with concentrations up to 15 wt.% were prepared by solvent-casting followed by quick vacuum drying in order to ensure the formation of the electroactive γ-phase. The changes induced by the presence of CNCs on the morphology of PVDF and its crystalline structure, thermal properties, mechanical performance and dielectric behavior are explored. The results suggest a relevant role of the CNC surface -OH groups, which interact with PVDF fluorine atoms. The real dielectric constant ε' of nanocomposites at 200 Hz was found to increase by 3.6 times up to 47 for the 15 wt.% CNC nanocomposite due to an enhanced ionic conductivity provided by CNCs. The approach reported here in order to boost the formation of the γ-phase of PVDF upon the incorporation of CNCs serves to further develop cellulose-based multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- BC Materials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.); (A.M.); (S.L.-M.)
| | - Ander Reizabal
- BC Materials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.); (A.M.); (S.L.-M.)
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto Maceiras
- BC Materials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.); (A.M.); (S.L.-M.)
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BC Materials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.); (A.M.); (S.L.-M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Modified molybdenum disulfide induced beta polymorph phase transition in Polyvinylidene fluoride. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Chandran AM, Varun S, Mural PKS. Development of self-poled PVDF/MWNT flexible nanocomposites with a boosted electroactive β-phase. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report a simple fabrication method for poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF/MWCNT flexible nanocomposite films with a boosted electroactive phase that enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash M. Chandran
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- India
| | - S. Varun
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- India
| | - Prasanna Kumar S. Mural
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- India
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19
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Shamitha C, Mahendran A, Anandhan S. Effect of polarization switching on piezoelectric and dielectric performance of electrospun nanofabrics of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Ca–Al LDH nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Shamitha
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Karnataka Mangaluru 575025 India
| | | | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringNational Institute of Technology Karnataka Mangaluru 575025 India
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20
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Light-induced reversible phase transition in polyvinylidene fluoride-based nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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21
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Gebrekrstos A, Prasanna Kar G, Madras G, Misra A, Bose S. Does the nature of chemically grafted polymer onto PVDF decide the extent of electroactive β-polymorph? POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Barnes E, Jefcoat JA, Alberts EM, McKechnie MA, Peel HR, Buchanan JP, Weiss CA, Klaus KL, Mimun LC, Warner CM. Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils and TEMPO-mediated Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Cellulose Nanofibril Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071091. [PMID: 31252644 PMCID: PMC6680576 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are high aspect ratio, natural nanomaterials with high mechanical strength-to-weight ratio and promising reinforcing dopants in polymer nanocomposites. In this study, we used CNFs and oxidized CNFs (TOCNFs), prepared by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation process, as reinforcing agents in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Using high-shear mixing and doctor blade casting, we prepared free-standing composite films loaded with up to 5 wt % cellulose nanofibrils. For our processing conditions, all CNF/PVDF and TOCNF/PVDF films remain in the same crystalline phase as neat PVDF. In the as-prepared composites, the addition of CNFs on average increases crystallinity, whereas TOCNFs reduces it. Further, addition of CNFs and TOCNFs influences properties such as surface wettability, as well as thermal and mechanical behaviors of the composites. When compared to neat PVDF, the thermal stability of the composites is reduced. With regards to bulk mechanical properties, addition of CNFs or TOCNFs, generally reduces the tensile properties of the composites. However, a small increase (~18%) in the tensile modulus was observed for the 1 wt % TOCNF/PVDF composite. Surface mechanical properties, obtained from nanoindentation, show that the composites have enhanced performance. For the 5 wt % CNF/PVDF composite, the reduced modulus and hardness increased by ~52% and ~22%, whereas for the 3 wt % TOCNF/PVDF sample, the increase was ~23% and ~25% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftihia Barnes
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Jefcoat
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Mason A McKechnie
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Hannah R Peel
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - J Paige Buchanan
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Charles A Weiss
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Kyle L Klaus
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - L Christopher Mimun
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Christopher M Warner
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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23
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Impact of surface-modified molybdenum disulphide on crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Mani MR, Gebrekrstos A, Madras G, Pötschke P, Bose S. PVDF-MWNT interactions control process induced β-lamellar morphology and orientation in the nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24821-24831. [PMID: 30229767 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03739f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of methylene blue (MB) modified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the nucleation and morphology of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in comparison with the effect of MWNTs was systematically assessed by DSC, 13C NMR, FT-IR, TEM, WAXS and SAXS analysis. TEM analysis of ultra-microtomed samples revealed that MB modification enhanced the dispersibility of MWNTs in PVDF. Further, the nanocomposites were subjected to mechanical rolling and the synergistic effect of processing and fillers on the PVDF morphology (before and after rolling) at different length scales was studied. Both FT-IR and WAXS analyses suggested that mechanical rolling transforms α-PVDF to β-PVDF (ca. 88%). TEM and two-dimensional WAXS analyses revealed that the MWNTs and β-crystallites are oriented preferentially along the rolling direction and the degree of orientation is not influenced by the fillers suggesting that crystallite orientation is fully controlled by mechanical rolling. On the other hand, β-lamellae showed perpendicular orientation with respect to the rolling direction. Unlike β-crystallites, the β-lamellar morphology and orientation are highly governed by the fillers as evident from SAXS analysis. Using MWNTs and the MWNT-MB π-complex, we demonstrate that the β-lamellar morphology and degree of orientation are controlled by the extent of interaction of fillers with PVDF. Interestingly, both β-lamellar morphology and degree of orientation correlate well with the mechanical properties of the rolled PVDF. More specifically, the dynamic storage modulus of the samples in the rolling direction increases with increasing β-lamellar morphology and degree of orientation. The present work demonstrates that the polymer-filler interaction plays a crucial role in regulating the processed polymer morphology and can be tuned by appropriately modifying the surface of fillers through either covalent or non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Raj Mani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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25
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Moazeni N, Latifi M, Merati AA, Rouhani S. Crystal polymorphism in polydiacetylene-embedded electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8178-8187. [PMID: 29072768 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA) is embedded in electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers for the preparation of mats with dual colorimetric and piezoelectric responses. The diacetylene monomers are self-assembled during the electrospinning process. The PDA-embedded PVDF nanofibers in the blue phase are obtained via photo-polymerization upon UV-light irradiation. The colorimetric transition of the nanofibers is studied as a function of temperature using a spectrophotometer. The morphology and crystal polymorphism of the nanofibers are investigated. The results show that the addition of PDA increases the diameter of the nanofibers due to the increase in the electrospinning solution viscosity. The results of Fourier transform infrared and wide angle X-ray diffraction demonstrate that PDA has the effect of inhibiting the growth of non-polar α-phase crystals, while promoting the growth of the polar β-phase. However, the red phase of PDA-embedded PVDF exhibits a lower intensity of the β-phase in comparison to that of the blue phase. In fact, the blue-to-red color transition of the PDA-embedded electrospun PVDF nanofibers is accompanied by the variation of piezoelectric signaling caused by variations in the β-phase. This phenomenon creates great potential in commercial detection sensors in addition to their colorimetric detection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moazeni
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Research and Excellence Centers, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Physico-Mechanical, Dielectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of PVDF Electrospun Mats Containing Silver Nanoparticles. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/c3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Bodkhe S, Turcot G, Gosselin FP, Therriault D. One-Step Solvent Evaporation-Assisted 3D Printing of Piezoelectric PVDF Nanocomposite Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20833-20842. [PMID: 28553704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of a 3D printable material system possessing inherent piezoelectric properties to fabricate integrable sensors in a single-step printing process without poling is of importance to the creation of a wide variety of smart structures. Here, we study the effect of addition of barium titanate nanoparticles in nucleating piezoelectric β-polymorph in 3D printable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and fabrication of the layer-by-layer and self-supporting piezoelectric structures on a micro- to millimeter scale by solvent evaporation-assisted 3D printing at room temperature. The nanocomposite formulation obtained after a comprehensive investigation of composition and processing techniques possesses a piezoelectric coefficient, d31, of 18 pC N-1, which is comparable to that of typical poled and stretched commercial PVDF film sensors. A 3D contact sensor that generates up to 4 V upon gentle finger taps demonstrates the efficacy of the fabrication technique. Our one-step 3D printing of piezoelectric nanocomposites can form ready-to-use, complex-shaped, flexible, and lightweight piezoelectric devices. When combined with other 3D printable materials, they could serve as stand-alone or embedded sensors in aerospace, biomedicine, and robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Bodkhe
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC) Polytechnique Montreal , C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Turcot
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC) Polytechnique Montreal , C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Frederick P Gosselin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC) Polytechnique Montreal , C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Daniel Therriault
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC) Polytechnique Montreal , C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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28
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In situ monitored stretching induced α to β allotropic transformation of flexible poly(vinylidene fluoride)-CoFe2O4 hybrid films: The role of nanoparticles inclusion. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Nanocomposite poly(vynilidene fluoride)/nanocrystalline cellulose porous membranes as separators for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Issa AA, Al-Maadeed M, Luyt AS, Mrlik M, Hassan MK. Investigation of the physico-mechanical properties of electrospun PVDF/cellulose (nano)fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Issa
- Material Sciences and Technology Program; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Mariam Al-Maadeed
- Material Sciences and Technology Program; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Center for Advanced Materials; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | | | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Center for Advanced Materials; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
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31
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Boudriaux M, Rault F, Cochrane C, Lemort G, Campagne C, Devaux E, Courtois C. Crystalline forms of PVDF fiber filled with clay components along processing steps. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Boudriaux
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
| | - François Rault
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
| | - Cédric Cochrane
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
| | - Guillaume Lemort
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
| | - Christine Campagne
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
| | - Eric Devaux
- Univ Lille Nord De France; Lille 59000 France
- ENSAIT, GEMTEX; Roubaix 59056 France
- CETI; Tourcoing 59335 France
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32
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Vatansever A, Dogan H, Inan T, Sezer S, Sirkecioglu A. Properties of na‐montmorillonite and cellulose nanocrystal reinforced poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alican Vatansever
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hacer Dogan
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Sezer
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sirkecioglu
- Department of Chemistry and MetallurgyIstanbul Technical UniversityAyazağa Istanbul Turkey
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33
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Bhunia R, Ghosh B, Ghosh D, Hussain S, Bhar R, Pal AK. Free-standing and flexible nano-ZnO/PVDF composite thin films: impedance spectroscopic studies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritamay Bhunia
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building; Jadavpur University; Calcutta 700 032 India
| | - Barun Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building; Jadavpur University; Calcutta 700 032 India
| | - Dibyendu Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building; Jadavpur University; Calcutta 700 032 India
| | | | - Radhaballabh Bhar
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building; Jadavpur University; Calcutta 700 032 India
| | - Arun Kumar Pal
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building; Jadavpur University; Calcutta 700 032 India
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