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Pakkethati K, Srihanam P, Manphae A, Rungseesantivanon W, Prakymoramas N, Lan PN, Baimark Y. Improvement in Crystallization, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Poly(L-lactide)- b-poly(ethylene glycol)- b-poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic with Zinc Phenylphosphate. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:975. [PMID: 38611233 PMCID: PMC11014285 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) shows promise for use in bioplastic applications due to its greater flexibility over PLLA. However, further research is needed to improve PLLA-PEG-PLLA's properties with appropriate fillers. This study employed zinc phenylphosphate (PPZn) as a multi-functional filler for PLLA-PEG-PLLA. The effects of PPZn addition on PLLA-PEG-PLLA characteristics, such as crystallization and thermal and mechanical properties, were investigated. There was good phase compatibility between the PPZn and PLLA-PEG-PLLA. The addition of PPZn improved PLLA-PEG-PLLA's crystallization properties, as evidenced by the disappearance of the cold crystallization temperature, an increase in the crystallinity, an increase in the crystallization temperature, and a decrease in the crystallization half-time. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA's thermal stability and heat resistance were enhanced by the addition of PPZn. The PPZn addition also enhanced the mechanical properties of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA, as demonstrated by the rise in ultimate tensile stress and Young's modulus. We can conclude that the PPZn has potential for use as a multi-functional filler for the PLLA-PEG-PLLA composite due to its nucleating-enhancing, thermal-stabilizing, and reinforcing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kansiri Pakkethati
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand; (K.P.); (P.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Prasong Srihanam
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand; (K.P.); (P.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Apirada Manphae
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand; (K.P.); (P.S.); (A.M.)
- Scientific Instrument Academic Service Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Wuttipong Rungseesantivanon
- National Metal and Materials Technology Centre (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Natcha Prakymoramas
- National Metal and Materials Technology Centre (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Pham Ngoc Lan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Phan Chu Trinh Ward, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Yodthong Baimark
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand; (K.P.); (P.S.); (A.M.)
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Thongsomboon W, Srihanam P, Baimark Y. Preparation of flexible poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lactide)/talcum/thermoplastic starch ternary composites for use as heat-resistant and single-use bioplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123172. [PMID: 36639081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lactide) block copolymer (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) is a highly flexible bioplastic, yet its use in practical applications is limited due to its poor heat resistance and high production cost. In this study, talcum was used as a nucleating agent to improve the heat resistance, and thermoplastic starch (TPS) was used as a low-cost filler to reduce the cost of production. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum/TPS and PLLA/talcum/TPS ternary composites with 4 wt% talcum and various TPS contents were prepared by melt blending before injection molding and were then evaluated. When PEG middle-blocks were present, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA-based composites showed a higher crystallinity, more flexibility, and a higher heat resistance than the PLLA-based composites. Although the addition of TPS decreased the heat resistance of all the composites, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum/TPS composites still had high Vicat softening temperatures (VST, 113-131 °C) and demonstrated a good dimensional stability to heat by maintaining their original shapes upon heat exposure. The biodegradation test in soil suggested that the synergistic effect of the PEG middle-blocks and TPS significantly increased the biodegradability of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum/TPS composites. This improved heat resistance, lower cost, and accelerated biodegradation make PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum/TPS composites a promising material to be used as heat-resistant and single-use bioplastic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriya Thongsomboon
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Prasong Srihanam
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Yodthong Baimark
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand.
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Srisuwan Y, Baimark Y. Synergistic effects of PEG middle-blocks and talcum on crystallizability and thermomechanical properties of flexible PLLA- b-PEG- b-PLLA bioplastic. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, talcum was melt-blended with a flexible poly(l-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(l-lactide) triblock copolymer (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) with 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt% talcum, for improvement of the crystallization and thermomechanical properties of PLLA-PEG-PLLA compared with PLLA. The crystallizability of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum composites was better than that of PLLA/talcum composites as determined from differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffractometry showed that the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum films had a higher degree of crystallinity than the PLLA/talcum films. PEG middle-blocks and talcum showed a synergistic effect for crystallization of PLLA end-blocks. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum films showed better thermomechanical properties than those of the PLLA/talcum films as determined from dynamic mechanical analysis. This was confirmed from the results of dimensional stability to heat. In summary, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/talcum composites have potential for use as flexible bioplastics with good dimensional stability to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowalak Srisuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University , Mahasarakham 44150 , Thailand
| | - Yodthong Baimark
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University , Mahasarakham 44150 , Thailand
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In situ grafting approach for preparing PLA/PHBV degradable blends with improved mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Well-defined high molecular weight polyglycolide-b-poly(L-)lactide-b-polyglycolide triblock copolymers: synthesis, characterization and microstructural analysis. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-2001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Flexible and high heat-resistant stereocomplex PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA blends prepared by melt process: effect of chain extension. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA by Melt Blending with PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA for Potential Use as High-Performance Bioplastics. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8690650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecofriendly poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA) are flexible bioplastics. In this work, the blending of poly(D-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D-lactide) (PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA) with various blend ratios for stereocomplex formation has been proved to be an effective method for improving the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA films. The PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA/PDLA-b-PEG-b-PLDA blend films were prepared by melt blending followed with compression molding. The stereocomplexation of PLLA and PDLA end-blocks were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of stereocomplex crystallites of blend films increased with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA ratio. From XRD, the blend films exhibited only stereocomplex crystallites. The stress and strain at break of blend films obtained from tensile tests were enhanced by melt blending with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA. The heat resistance of blend films determined from testing of dimensional stability to heat and dynamic mechanical analysis were improved with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA ratio. The sterecomplex PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA/PDL-b-PEG-b-PDLA films prepared by melt processing could be used as flexible and good heat-resistance packaging bioplastics.
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Qiu X, Liu R, Nie Y, Liu Y, Liang Z, Yang J, Zhou Z, Hao T. Monte Carlo simulations of stereocomplex formation in multiblock copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13296-13303. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Local miscibility and relative size of block length and crystal thickness codetermine stereocomplex formation in multiblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qiu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Rongjuan Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yijing Nie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yong Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Zhaopeng Liang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jun Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Tongfan Hao
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
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Mechanical properties and heat resistance of stereocomplex polylactide/copolyester blend films prepared by in situ melt blending followed with compression molding. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01082. [PMID: 30603714 PMCID: PMC6307044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the process to obtain high heat-resistant stereocomplex polylactide (scPLA)/copolyester blend films by in situ melt blending of high molecular-weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), low molecular-weight poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and copolyester followed with compression molding. A copolyester of poly(ε-caprolactone-co-L-lactide) was used as a film former. Stereocomplexation, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the scPLA/copolyester blend films were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The PDLA fractions enhanced stereocomplexation and heat resistance of the blend films while the copolyester fraction reduced film brittleness. Dimensional stability to heat of blend films was also determined and was accorded to their DMA results. It was concluded that the high heat-resistant and less brittle scPLA films could be prepared using 70/30 (w/w) PLLA/PDLA with 20 wt% copolyester through melt blending before compression molding. This film showed similar stress at break and heat resistance to those of polypropylene film but with lower strain at break.
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Baimark Y, Kittipoom S. Influence of Chain-Extension Reaction on Stereocomplexation, Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of Compressed Stereocomplex-Polylactide Bioplastic Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1218. [PMID: 30961143 PMCID: PMC6290629 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereocomplex polylactide (scPLA) films were prepared by melt blending of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) with and without an epoxy-based chain extender before compression molding. The obtained scPLA films were characterized through differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), tensile testing and dimensional stability to heat. XRD patterns revealed that all the scPLA films had only stereocomplex crystallites. The obtained results showed that the chain-extension reaction improved mechanical properties of the scPLA films, however, it suppressed stereocomplexation and heat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodthong Baimark
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Sumet Kittipoom
- Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Qu Z, Bu J, Pan X, Hu X. Probing the nanomechanical properties of PLA/PC blends compatibilized with compatibilizer and nucleation agent by AFM. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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