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Medha, Sethi S, Mahajan P, Thakur S, Sharma N, Singh N, Kumar A, Kaur A, Kaith BS. Design and evaluation of fluorescent chitosan-starch hydrogel for drug delivery and sensing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133486. [PMID: 38944079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Composite bio-based hydrogels have been obtaining a significant attention in recent years as one of the most promising drug delivery systems. In the present study, the preparation of composite chitosan-starch hydrogel using maleic acid as a cross-linker was optimized with the help of response surface methodology. The synthesized hydrogel was fluorescent owing to clustering of large number of functional groups. Different analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS, fluorescence and BET were utilized to characterize the prepared hydrogel. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of non-crystalline hydrogel with random arrangement of macromolecular chains. The composite hydrogel exhibited good swelling percentage with pH sensitivity, hemocompatibility and degradability. BET analysis confirmed that the variation in concentration of crosslinker significantly influences the pore volume of the hydrogel. The synthesized composite chitosan-starch hydrogel was utilized as a prospective candidate for controlling drug release. Cefixime as a model drug was loaded onto the synthesized hydrogel utilizing the swelling diffusion method. SEM micrographs showed uniform distribution of drug molecules in the drug loaded hydrogel. In vitro drug release experiments indicated the swelling dependent drug release behaviour of chitosan-starch hydrogel with higher drug release at pH 7.4 (93.08 %) compared to pH 1.2 (67.85 %). The composite chitosan-starch hydrogel was able to prolong and control the drug release up to 12 h. The drug release from the hydrogel followed Korsmeyer-Peppas and Makoid-Banakar model with Fickian diffusion mechanism. Further, the composite hydrogel displayed excitation dependent fluorescence emission with most intense blue emission band at 425 nm with an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. The inclusion of cefixime drug in the hydrogel matrix significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity; the decrease was linearly correlated to the concentration of the drug. Moreover, the fluorescence emission the chitosan-starch hydrogel was found to be dependent upon pH. The synthesized hydrogel is expected to be a potential candidate for controlled drug release as well as for fluorescent sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India.
| | - Sapna Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India.
| | - Pariva Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India.
| | - Swati Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India.
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Centre of Innovation and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Narveer Singh
- Department of Physics, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Punjab 144008, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University Jalandhar, Punjab 144012, India.
| | - Balbir Singh Kaith
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India..
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Yang J, Duan A, Shen L, Liu Q, Wang F, Liu Y. Preparation and application of curcumin loaded with citric acid crosslinked chitosan-gelatin hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130801. [PMID: 38548500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
While oral administration offers safety benefits, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered by various physiological factors within the body. In this study, a novel approach was explored using a matrix consisting of 2 % chitosan and 2 % gelatin, with citric acid (CA) serving as a green cross-linking agent (ranging from 0.4 % to 1.0 %), and curcumin (Cur) as the model drug to formulate hydrogel carriers. The results showed that a 0.4 % CA concentration, the hydrogel (CGA0.4) reached swelling equilibrium in deionized water within 40 min, exhibiting a maximum swelling index was 539 g/g. The addition of Cur to the CGA hydrogel (CGACur) notably enhanced release efficiency, particularly in simulated intestinal fluid, where Cur release rates exceeded 40 % within 100 min compared to below 8 % in other solutions. Among these hydrogels, CGA0.4Cur exhibited the fastest degradation rate in the combined solution, reaching >90 % degradation after 7 days. Additionally, Cur and CA demonstrated positive effects on the tensile strength, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of hydrogels. Compare to the bioaccessibility of CGC (27 %), those of CGACur had increased to over 34 %. These findings offer provide theoretical support for CA-crosslinked chitosan/gelatin gels in delivering hydrophobic bioactive molecules and their application in intestinal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China; Dezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of North University of China, Dezhou, Shandong, 253034, China.
| | - Anbang Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Liping Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Qingye Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The hospitial of North University of China,Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
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Singh J, Sharma M, Singh H, Arora P, Utreja P, Kumar S. Formulation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Mesalamine and Bifidobacterium bifidum Loaded Hydrogel Beads in Capsule System for Colon Targeted Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:61. [PMID: 38485901 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesalamine is a first-line drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its premature release associated with marketed formulations leads to adverse effects like gastric trouble, vomiting, and diarrhoea. To minimize these side effects, colon-targeted drug delivery is essential. Besides conventional pharmacotherapy, bifidogenic probiotics with anti-inflammatory activity has been reported to elicit a significant impact on the remission of ulcerative colitis. Bifidogenic probiotics being acid-labile necessitate developing a gastro-resistant formulation for enhancing the delivery of viable cells to the colon. The present study was aimed at developing a fixed-dose unit dosage form of mucoadhesive hydrogel beads loaded with mesalamine and Bifidobacterium bifidum further encapsulated in Eudragit® capsules for the targeted drug delivery at colonic pH. The hydrogel beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation, with the effect of single and dual-crosslinking approaches on various formulation characteristics studied. Standard size 00 Eudragit® gastro-resistant capsules were prepared and the dried beads were filled inside the capsule shells. The formulation was then evaluated for various parameters, including physicochemical characterization, in vitro biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity. No interaction was observed between the drug and the polymers, as confirmed through FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis. The mean particle size of the beads was ~ 457-485 µm. The optimized formulation showed a drug entrapment efficiency of 95.4 ± 2.58%. The Eudragit® capsule shells disintegrated in approximately 13 min at pH 7.4. The mucoadhesive hydrogel beads sustained the drug release above 18 h, with 50% of the drug released by the end of 12 h. The optimized formulation demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) gastro-resistance, biocompatibility, sustained drug release, cell viability, and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagtar Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Near Baddowal Cantt, Ferozepur Rd, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Near Baddowal Cantt, Ferozepur Rd, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
| | - Harmeet Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Near Baddowal Cantt, Ferozepur Rd, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
| | - Pinky Arora
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Medical Lab Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Near Baddowal Cantt, Ferozepur Rd, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
| | - Puneet Utreja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Near Baddowal Cantt, Ferozepur Rd, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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A H, Sofini SPS, Balasubramanian D, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Biomedical applications of natural and synthetic polymer based nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:269-294. [PMID: 37962432 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2283910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Various nanomaterials have been studied for their biomedical application in recent years. Among them, nanocomposites have a prominent medical application in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. Nanocomposites are made up of polymeric matrix layers composed of synthetic or natural polymers like chitosan, polyethylene glycol, etc. Polymer nanocomposites are inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. There are two types of polymeric nanocomposites which include natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have various biomedical applications, such as medical implants, wound healing, wound dressing, bone repair and replacement, and dental filling. Polymeric nanocomposites have a wide range of biomedical applications due to their high stability, non-immunogenic nature, sustained drug delivery, non-toxic, and can escape reticuloendothelial system uptake along with drug bioavailability improvement. In this review, we have discussed various types of natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini A
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Sharon P S Sofini
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Deepika Balasubramanian
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
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Mohanto S, Narayana S, Merai KP, Kumar JA, Bhunia A, Hani U, Al Fatease A, Gowda BHJ, Nag S, Ahmed MG, Paul K, Vora LK. Advancements in gelatin-based hydrogel systems for biomedical applications: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127143. [PMID: 37793512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A gelatin-based hydrogel system is a stimulus-responsive, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymeric system with solid-like rheology that entangles moisture in its porous network that gradually protrudes to assemble a hierarchical crosslinked arrangement. The hydrolysis of collagen directs gelatin construction, which retains arginyl glycyl aspartic acid and matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive degeneration sites, further confining access to chemicals entangled within the gel (e.g., cell encapsulation), modulating the release of encapsulated payloads and providing mechanical signals to the adjoining cells. The utilization of various types of functional tunable biopolymers as scaffold materials in hydrogels has become highly attractive due to their higher porosity and mechanical ability; thus, higher loading of proteins, peptides, therapeutic molecules, etc., can be further modulated. Furthermore, a stimulus-mediated gelatin-based hydrogel with an impaired concentration of gellan demonstrated great shear thinning and self-recovering characteristics in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Therefore, this contemporary review presents a concise version of the gelatin-based hydrogel as a conceivable biomaterial for various biomedical applications. In addition, the article has recapped the multiple sources of gelatin and their structural characteristics concerning stimulating hydrogel development and delivery approaches of therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, genes, drugs, etc.), existing challenges, and overcoming designs, particularly from drug delivery perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Khushboo Paresh Merai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Jahanvee Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Adrija Bhunia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Rd, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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6
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Behshad Y, Pazhang M, Najavand S, Sabzi M. Enhancing Enzyme Stability and Functionality: Covalent Immobilization of Trypsin on Magnetic Gum Arabic Modified Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1. [PMID: 38153653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate gum Arabic (GA)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles bearing numerous active aldehyde groups on their surface, followed by an assessment of their capability as a magnetic support for the covalent immobilization of the trypsin enzyme for the first time. FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM results demonstrated the successful synthesis of GA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, along with the covalent immobilization of the enzyme onto the support. Immobilization enhanced the relative enzymatic activity across a range of aqueous solution pH levels (ranging from 4 to 11) and temperatures (ranging from 20 to 80 °C) without altering the optimum pH and temperature for trypsin activity. Kinetic studies using Michaelis-Menten plots revealed changes in kinetic parameters, including a lower Vmax and higher Km for immobilized trypsin compared to the free enzyme. The immobilization onto magnetic gum Arabic nanoparticles resulted in an improved stability of trypsin in the presence of various solvents, maintaining a stability order comparable to that of the free enzyme due to the stabilizing effect of the support. The reusability results showed that the immobilized enzyme can retain over 93% of its activity for up to 15 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behshad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran.
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7
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Huang SM, Liu SM, Tseng HY, Chen WC. Effect of Citric Acid on Swelling Resistance and Physicochemical Properties of Post-Crosslinked Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibrous Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071738. [PMID: 37050352 PMCID: PMC10096727 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber membranes were crosslinked with citric acid (CA) at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 wt.% (designated as CA10, CA20, and CA30). The effects of CA on the chemical structure, mechanical strength, swelling resistance, and cytotoxicity of the crosslinked PVA fibrous membranes were investigated. Infrared spectroscopy indicated the enhanced esterification of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups between CA and PVA. The modulus and strength of the electrospun PVA membrane increased due to the crosslinking between CA and PVA. The crosslinking of the PVA fiber matrix with CA increased the PVA binding point, thereby increasing the swelling resistance and modulus; however, the concentration of CA used was limited. Results showed that the water absorption of the PVA membranes decreased from 6.58 ± 0.04 g/g for CA10 to 3.56 ± 3.33 g/g for CA20 and 2.85 ± 0.40 g/g for CA30 with increasing CA. The water absorption remained unchanged after the membrane was soaked for a period of time, so no significant difference was found in the water absorption capacity of the same group after immersion from 1 h to 3 d. The tensile strength increased from 20.52 MPa of CA10 to 22.09 MPa of CA20. With an increased amount of CA used for crosslinking, the tensile strength and modulus of CA30 decreased to 11.48 and 13.94 MPa, respectively. Our study also showed that CA was not toxic to L929 cell viability when used for fiber crosslinking at less than 20 wt.% PVA, meaning it may be a good candidate as a support layer for guided tissue engineering.
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Sapuła P, Bialik-Wąs K, Malarz K. Are Natural Compounds a Promising Alternative to Synthetic Cross-Linking Agents in the Preparation of Hydrogels? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:253. [PMID: 36678882 PMCID: PMC9866639 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to assess the potential use of natural cross-linking agents, such as genipin, citric acid, tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and vanillin in preparing chemically cross-linked hydrogels for the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Chemical cross-linking is one of the most important methods that is commonly used to form mechanically strong hydrogels based on biopolymers, such as alginates, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, and fibroin. Moreover, the properties of natural cross-linking agents and their advantages and disadvantages are compared relative to their commonly known synthetic cross-linking counterparts. Nowadays, advanced technologies can facilitate the acquisition of high-purity biomaterials from unreacted components with no additional purification steps. However, while planning and designing a chemical process, energy and water consumption should be limited in order to reduce the risks associated with global warming. However, many synthetic cross-linking agents, such as N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylates, epichlorohydrin, and glutaraldehyde, are harmful to both humans and the environment. One solution to this problem could be the use of bio-cross-linking agents obtained from natural resources, which would eliminate their toxic effects and ensure the safety for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sapuła
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialik-Wąs
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Pereira JF, Marim BM, Simões BM, Yamashita F, Mali S. Hydrogels based on gelatin, xanthan gum, and cellulose obtained by reactive extrusion and thermopressing processes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:942-953. [PMID: 36592021 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2162921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and proteins are compatible macromolecules that can be used to obtain biopolymeric hydrogels through physical interactions. In this study, an environmentally friendly strategy is being proposed to produce gelatin-xanthan gum- cellulose hydrogels, without the addition of chemical synthetic crosslinkers. Xanthan gum was employed as an alternative crosslinking agent, and cellulose was used as a potential reinforcing agent in the polymeric matrix. Firstly, the biopolymers were mixed by the extrusion process, and glycerol was used as a plasticizer. Then, the polymeric mixture was molded by thermopressing to obtain hydrogels as laminated films. All hydrogels formulations resulted in films with smooth surfaces, without pores or cracks, resulting in amorphous polymeric matrices. The obtained hydrogels had a pH-dependent degree of swelling, the highest swelling values were obtained at pH 4 (5.3-7.9 g/g) after 24 h of immersion. Cellulose acted as a reinforcing agent for hydrogels, increasing thermal stability, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of films when employed at the higher level (7%). The strategy employed in this study to obtain nontoxic hydrogels without synthetic crosslinkers was effective, resulting in materials with promising properties to be used as pharmaceutical forms to deliver active compounds in cosmetic or pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CCE, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Marim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CCE, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center for Agricultural Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center for Agricultural Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Suzana Mali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CCE, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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10
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Preparation, properties, and applications of gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) in the environmental, technological, and biomedical sectors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:601-633. [PMID: 35902015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin's versatile functionalization offers prospects of facile and effective crosslinking as well as combining with other materials (e.g., metal nanoparticles, carbonaceous, minerals, and polymeric materials exhibiting desired functional properties) to form hybrid materials of improved thermo-mechanical, physio-chemical and biological characteristics. Gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) and (nano)composite hydrogels possess unique functional features that make them appropriate for a wide range of environmental, technical, and biomedical applications. The properties of GHs could be balanced by optimizing the hydrogel design. The current review explores the various crosslinking techniques of GHs, their properties, composite types, and ultimately their end-use applications. GH's ability to absorb a large volume of water within the gel network via hydrogen bonding is frequently used for water retention (e.g., agricultural additives), and absorbency towards targeted chemicals from the environment (e.g., as wound dressings for absorbing exudates and in water treatment for absorbing pollutants). GH's controllable porosity makes its way to be used to restrict access to chemicals entrapped within the gel phase (e.g., cell encapsulation), regulate the release of encapsulated cargoes within the GH (e.g., drug delivery, agrochemicals release). GH's soft mechanics closely resembling biological tissues, make its use in tissue engineering to deliver suitable mechanical signals to neighboring cells. This review discussed the GHs as potential materials for the creation of biosensors, drug delivery systems, antimicrobials, modified electrodes, water adsorbents, fertilizers and packaging systems, among many others. The future research outlooks are also highlighted.
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11
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Drobota M, Ursache S, Aflori M. Surface Functionalities of Polymers for Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122307. [PMID: 35745883 PMCID: PMC9229900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of a material biointerface allow for specialized cell signaling and diverse biological responses. Biomaterials incorporating immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in order to develop biomaterials with improved functionality. Furthermore, a variety of physical and chemical techniques have been utilized to improve biomaterial functionality, particularly at the material interface. At the interface level, the interactions between materials and cells are described. The importance of surface features in cell function is then examined, with new strategies for surface modification being highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ursache
- Innovative Green Power, No. 5 Iancu Bacalu Street, 700029 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Pooresmaeil M, Javanbakht S, Namazi H, Shaabani A. Application or function of citric acid in drug delivery platforms. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:800-849. [PMID: 34693555 DOI: 10.1002/med.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nontoxic materials with natural origin are promising materials in the designing and preparation of the new drug delivery systems (DDSs). Today's, citric acid (CA) has attracted a great deal of attention because of its special features; green nature, biocompatibility, low price, biodegradability, and commercially available property. So, CA has been employed in the preparation of the various platforms to induce a suitable property on their structure. Recently, several research groups investigated the CA-based platforms in different forms like tablets, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, (co)polymer, hydrogels, and nanoparticles as efficient DDSs. By considering an increasing amount of published articles in this field, for the first time, in this review, an overview of the published works regarding CA applications in the design of various DDSs is presented with a detailed and insightful discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Pooresmaeil
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Namazi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Bhattacharyya R, Chowdhury P. Hydrogels of Acryloyl guar gum-g-(acrylic acid-co-3sulfopropylacrylate) for high-performance adsorption and release of gentamicin sulphate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Methotrexate-Loaded Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol (Gel/PVA) Hydrogel as a pH-Sensitive Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142300. [PMID: 34301057 PMCID: PMC8309343 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to formulate and evaluate Gel/PVA hydrogels as a pH-sensitive matrix to deliver methotrexate (MTX) to colon. The primed Gel/PVA hydrogels were subjected to evaluation for swelling behavior, diffusion coefficient, sol-gel characteristic and porosity using an acidic (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (PBS) (pH 6.8 & pH 7.4) media. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to evaluate the chemical compatibility of the Gel/PVA hydrogel. The shape alteration and release of Gel/PVA hydrogel was conducted at pH 1.2, pH 6.8 and pH 7.4. The drug release kinetic mechanism was determined using various kinetic equations. The physicochemical evaluation tests and drug release profile results were found to be significant (p < 0.01). However, it was dependent on the polymers' concentration, the pH of the release media and the amount of the cross-linking agent. Hydrogels containing the maximum amount of gel showed a dynamic equilibrium of 10.09 ± 0.18 and drug release of 93.75 ± 0.13% at pH 1.2. The kinetic models showed the release of MTX from the Gel/PVA hydrogel was non-Fickian. The results confirmed that the newly formed Gel/PVA hydrogels are potential drug delivery systems for a controlled delivery of MTX to the colon.
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15
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Afshari MJ, Sabzi M, Jiang L, Behshad Y, Zanjanijam AR, Mahdavinia GR, Ahmadi M. Incorporation of dynamic boronate links and Ag nanoparticles into PVA hydrogels for pH-Regulated and prolonged release of methotrexate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Nangare S, Vispute Y, Tade R, Dugam S, Patil P. Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Citric acid (CA) is a universal plant and animal-metabolism intermediate. It is a commodity chemical processed and widely used around the world as an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. Notably, CA is offering assorted significant properties viz. biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, safety, etc. Therefore, CA is broadly employed in many sectors including foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics as a flavoring agent, sequestering agent, buffering agent, etc. From the beginning, CA is a regular ingredient for cosmetic pH-adjustment and as a metallic ion chelator in antioxidant systems. In addition, it is used to improve the taste of pharmaceuticals such as syrups, solutions, elixirs, etc. Furthermore, free CA is also employed as an acidulant in mild astringent preparations.
Main text
In essence, it is estimated that the functionality present in CA provides excellent assets in pharmaceutical applications such as cross-linking, release-modifying capacity, interaction with molecules, capping and coating agent, branched polymer nanoconjugates, gas generating agent, etc. Mainly, the center of attention of the review is to deliver an impression of the CA-based pharmaceutical applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, CA is reconnoitered for multiple novels pharmaceutical and biomedical/applications including as a green crosslinker, release modifier, monomer/branched polymer, capping and coating agent, novel disintegrant, absorption enhancer, etc. In the future, CA can be utilized as an excellent substitute for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
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17
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Derakhshankhah H, Jahanban‐Esfahlan R, Vandghanooni S, Akbari‐Nakhjavani S, Massoumi B, Haghshenas B, Rezaei A, Farnudiyan‐Habibi A, Samadian H, Jaymand M. A bio‐inspired gelatin‐based
pH
‐ and thermal‐sensitive magnetic hydrogel for in vitro chemo/hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban‐Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Somayeh Vandghanooni
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Sattar Akbari‐Nakhjavani
- Department of Molecular Medicine School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Babak Haghshenas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Aram Rezaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Amir Farnudiyan‐Habibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Medical Biomaterials Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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18
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Qiu H, Si Z, Luo Y, Feng P, Wu X, Hou W, Zhu Y, Chan-Park MB, Xu L, Huang D. The Mechanisms and the Applications of Antibacterial Polymers in Surface Modification on Medical Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:910. [PMID: 33262975 PMCID: PMC7686044 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical device contamination caused by microbial pathogens such as bacteria and fungi has posed a severe threat to the patients' health in hospitals. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, the efficacy of traditional antibiotics treatment is gradually decreasing for the infection treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new antibacterial drugs to meet clinical or civilian needs. Antibacterial polymers have attracted the interests of researchers due to their unique bactericidal mechanism and excellent antibacterial effect. This article reviews the mechanism and advantages of antimicrobial polymers and the consideration for their translation. Their applications and advances in medical device surface coating were also reviewed. The information will provide a valuable reference to design and develop antibacterial devices that are resistant to pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Qiu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peipei Feng
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xujin Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjia Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Long Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Ningbo Baoting Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
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19
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Effect of composition and method of preparation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/gelatin hydrogels on biological in vitro (cell line) and in vivo (zebrafish) properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Bhattacharyya SK, Dule M, Paul R, Dash J, Anas M, Mandal TK, Das P, Das NC, Banerjee S. Carbon Dot Cross-Linked Gelatin Nanocomposite Hydrogel for pH-Sensing and pH-Responsive Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5662-5674. [PMID: 33320568 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutics to the intestinal region bypassing the harsh acidic environment of the stomach has long been a research focus. On the other hand, monitoring a system's pH during drug delivery is a crucial diagnosis factor as the activity and release rate of many therapeutics depend on it. This study answered both of these issues by fabricating a novel nanocomposite hydrogel for intestinal drug delivery and near-neutral pH sensing at the same time. Gelatin nanocomposites (GNCs) with varying concentrations of carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated through simple solvent casting methods. Here, CDs served a dual role and simultaneously acted as a cross-linker and chromophore, which reduced the usage of toxic cross-linkers. The proposed GNC hydrogel sample acted as an excellent pH sensor in the near-neutral pH range and could be useful for quantitative pH measurement. A model antibacterial drug (cefadroxil) was used for the in vitro drug release study at gastric pH (1.2) and intestinal pH (7.4) conditions. A moderate and sustained drug release profile was noticed at pH 7.4 in comparison to the acidic medium over a 24 h study. The drug release profile revealed that the pH of the release medium and the percentage of CDs cross-linking influenced the drug release rate. Release data were compared with different empirical equations for the evaluation of drug release kinetics and found good agreement with the Higuchi model. The antibacterial activity of cefadroxil was assessed by the broth microdilution method and found to be retained and not hindered by the drug entrapment procedure. The cell viability assay showed that all of the hydrogel samples, including the drug-loaded GNC hydrogel, offered acceptable cytocompatibility and nontoxicity. All of these observations illustrated that GNC hydrogel could act as an ideal pH-monitoring and oral drug delivery system in near-neutral pH at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhab Dule
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Raj Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Md Anas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Das
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.,Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.,Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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21
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Sabzi M, Afshari MJ, Babaahmadi M, Shafagh N. pH-dependent swelling and antibiotic release from citric acid crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/nano silver hydrogels. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Bao X, Si X, Ding X, Duan L, Xiao C. pH-responsive hydrogels based on the self-assembly of short polypeptides for controlled release of peptide and protein drugs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Liguori A, Uranga J, Panzavolta S, Guerrero P, de la Caba K, Focarete ML. Electrospinning of Fish Gelatin Solution Containing Citric Acid: An Environmentally Friendly Approach to Prepare Crosslinked Gelatin Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2808. [PMID: 31480538 PMCID: PMC6747780 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the crosslinking approaches employed to confer water resistance properties to electrospun gelatin mats are based on the use of potential cytotoxic agents, turning out to be not suitable for biomedical applications. Environmentally friendly chemical strategies based on the use of non-toxic agents are, therefore, strongly demanded. In the present work, the possibility to produce crosslinked electrospun fish gelatin mats by electrospinning an aqueous solution, containing citric acid as a crosslinking agent, is reported. The effect of pH on solution rheological properties, as well as on the electrospun mat morphology, chemistry, and crosslinking degree, is assessed. The increase of solution pH from 1.8 to 3.7 allows for obtaining fibers that maintain the fibrous morphology also in the mat. Subsequent thermal treatment of the electrospun mat (80 °C for 30 min) turns out to increase the crosslinking degree and morphological stability of the mat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jone Uranga
- BIOMAT research group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Panzavolta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT research group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT research group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Ngampunwetchakul L, Toonkaew S, Supaphol P, Suwantong O. Semi-solid poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels containing ginger essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles for use in wound management. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Sabzi M, Shafagh N, Mohammadi M. Assembly of gelatin biopolymer to fibrous sepiolite clay for efficient dye removal from wastewater. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Maragheh Maragheh 55181‐83111 Iran
| | - Nima Shafagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Maragheh Maragheh 55181‐83111 Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringQom University of Technology Qom 37195‐1519 Iran
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26
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Shitole AA, Raut PW, Khandwekar A, Sharma N, Baruah M. Design and engineering of polyvinyl alcohol based biomimetic hydrogels for wound healing and repair. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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