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Chmielnicka E, Szymiczek M, Chmielnicki B. The Influence of Mixing Speed on the Physicomechanical Parameters of Polyaddition Poly(dimethylsiloxanes) with Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2527. [PMID: 39274159 PMCID: PMC11398024 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present an analysis of the properties of polyaddition poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (PDMS) and their potential applications after modification. The focus is on understanding how different fillers and mixing speeds affect the mechanical and electrical properties of PDMS, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these modifications. Additionally, the prospects for future development of PDMS-based technologies, which could bring significant innovations in various industrial fields, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chmielnicka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St. 55, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szymiczek
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Błażej Chmielnicki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St. 55, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Verma G, Gokarna A, Kadiri H, Nomenyo K, Lerondel G, Gupta A. Multiplexed Gas Sensor: Fabrication Strategies, Recent Progress, and Challenges. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3320-3337. [PMID: 37602443 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to miscellaneous toxic gases in the vicinity, there is a burgeoning need for advancement in the existing gas sensing technology not only for the survival of mankind but also for the industries based in various fields such as beverage, forestry, health care, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and military security. A gas sensor must be highly selective toward a specific gas in order to avoid incorrect signals while responding to nontarget gases. This may lead to complex scenarios depicting sensor defects, such as low selectivity and cross-sensitivity. Therefore, a multiplex gas sensor is required to address the problems of cross selectivity by combining different gas sensors, signal processing, and pattern recognition techniques along with the currently employed gas sensing technologies. The different sensing materials used in these sensor arrays will produce a unique response signal for developing a set of identifiers as the input that can be used to recognize a specific gas by its "fingerprint". This review provides a comprehensive review of chemiresistive-based multiplex gas sensors, including various fabrication strategies from expensive to low-cost techniques, advances in sensing materials, and a gist of various pattern recognition techniques used for both rigid and flexible gas sensor applications. Finally, the review assesses the current state-of-the-art in multiplex gas sensor technology and discusses various challenges for future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Verma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur 342030, India
| | - Anisha Gokarna
- L2n, CNRS UMR 6281, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Hind Kadiri
- L2n, CNRS UMR 6281, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Komla Nomenyo
- L2n, CNRS UMR 6281, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Gilles Lerondel
- L2n, CNRS UMR 6281, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur 342030, India
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Kumari S, Islam M, Gupta A. Paper-based multiplex biosensors for inexpensive healthcare diagnostics: a comprehensive review. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:17. [PMID: 37133791 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex detection is a smart and an emerging approach in point-of-care testing as it reduces analysis time and testing cost by detecting multiple analytes or biomarkers simultaneously which are crucial for disease detection at an early stage. Application of inexpensive substrate such as paper has immense potential and matter of research interest in the area of point of care testing for multiplexed analysis as it possesses several unique advantages. This study presents the use of paper, strategies adopted to refine the design created on paper and lateral flow strips to enhance the signal, increase the sensitivity and specificity of multiplexed biosensors. An overview of different multiplexed detection studies performed using biological samples has also been reviewed along with the challenges and advantages offered by multiplexed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Kumari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India.
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Yuan L, Qu CL, Tsou CH, De Guzman MR, Huang X, Gao C, Sun YL, Yang T, Zeng C, Luo X, Tsou CY. Morphology and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene/graphite composite films as potential pH sensors prepared via heat treatment and natural drying. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nonlinear Impact Force Reduction of Layered Polymers with the Damage-Trap Interface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a damage-trap material interface design of polymeric materials was proposed. Towards that, baseline and layered Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Polycarbonate specimens were fabricated with a Loctite 5083 adhesive layer between the interfaces. Out-of-plane impact experiments were conducted and found that the maximum impact force was reduced in layered polymers with so-called “damage-trap material interfaces”. At the impact energy of 20 J, the maximum impact force of the layered PMMA specimens with the 5083 adhesive was reduced by 60% compared to the identical specimens without any adhesive bonding. For the layered Polycarbonate specimens with the 5083 adhesive bonding, the maximum impact force was reduced by 20% and energy absorption was increased by 130%. Simplified contact mechanics analysis showed that the low Young’s modulus of the 5083 adhesive layers was a key parameter in reducing impact force and damage. Therefore, a simple and effective way to design layered materials with improved impact resistance was proposed.
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Physical Properties of Slide-Ring Material Reinforced Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102121. [PMID: 35632003 PMCID: PMC9148087 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-damping rubber composites were prepared by mixing ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) with slide-ring (SR) materials using a two-roll mill, followed by a compression molding technique. SR material has a novel supramolecular structure with unique softness and slidable crosslink junctions. The mechanical strength, thermal stability, compression set property, and damping performance of the composites were investigated. The use of the high damping SR phase dispersed in the EPDM matrix displayed improved physical properties and damping performance compared to those of virgin rubber. As SR content increases in the composites, the damping factor of SR/EPDM blends becomes higher at room temperature. In addition to this, the SR composites showed excellent improvements in the compression set properties. The composites showed a compression set improvement of 35–38% compared to virgin EPDM. These improvements are due to the “pulley effect” of slide-ring materials. Therefore, these materials present a robust platform for making novel elastomer composites for high-performance damping and sealing applications.
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Verma G, Gupta A. Superhydrophobic ZnO-Au nanocomposite over polydimethylsiloxane tubes for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Verma G, Sheshkar N, Pandey C, Gupta A. Recent trends of silicon elastomer-based nanocomposites and their sensing applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Samsudin SS, Abdul Majid MS, Mohd Jamir MR, Osman AF, Jaafar M, Alshahrani HA. Physical, Thermal Transport, and Compressive Properties of Epoxy Composite Filled with Graphitic- and Ceramic-Based Thermally Conductive Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051014. [PMID: 35267837 PMCID: PMC8912800 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy polymer composites embedded with thermally conductive nanofillers play an important role in the thermal management of polymer microelectronic packages, since they can provide thermal conduction properties with electrically insulating properties. An epoxy composite system filled with graphitic-based fillers; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and ceramic-based filler; silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCs) was investigated as a form of thermal-effective reinforcement for epoxy matrices. The epoxy composites were fabricated using a simple fabrication method, which included ultrasonication and planetary centrifugal mixing. The effect of graphite-based and ceramic-based fillers on the thermal conductivity was measured by the transient plane source method, while the glass transition temperature of the fully cured samples was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal gravimetric analysis was adopted to study the thermal stability of the samples, and the compressive properties of different filler loadings (1–5 vol.%) were also discussed. The glass temperatures and thermal stabilities of the epoxy system were increased when incorporated with the graphite- and ceramic-based fillers. These results can be correlated with the thermal conductivity of the samples, which was found to increase with the increase in the filler loadings, except for the epoxy/SiCs composites. The thermal conductivity of the composites increased to 0.4 W/mK with 5 vol.% of MWCNTs, which is a 100% improvement over pure epoxy. The GNPs, SiCs, and MWCNTs showed uniform dispersion in the epoxy matrix and well-established thermally conductive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Salmi Samsudin
- Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 026000, Perlis, Malaysia; (S.S.S.); (M.R.M.J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
- Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 026000, Perlis, Malaysia; (S.S.S.); (M.R.M.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
- Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 026000, Perlis, Malaysia; (S.S.S.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Azlin Fazlina Osman
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Hassan A. Alshahrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
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Thermal, Mechanical, and Acoustic Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane Filled with Hollow Glass Microspheres. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051652. [PMID: 35268882 PMCID: PMC8910890 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used silicon-based polymer due to its versatility and its various attractive properties. The fabrication of PDMS involves liquid phase cross-linking to obtain hydrophobic and mechanically flexible material in the final solid form. This allows to add various fillers to affect the properties of the resulting material. PDMS has a relatively low Thermal Conductivity (TC), in the order of 0.2 W/mK, which makes it attractive for thermal insulation applications such as sealing in construction. Although a further decrease in the TC of PDMS can be highly beneficial for such applications, most research on the thermal properties of PDMS composites have focused on fillers that increase the TC rather than decrease it. In the present work, we propose a simple and reliable method for making a PDMS-based composite material with significantly improved thermal insulation properties, by adding hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) to the mixture of the liquid base and the cross-linker (10:1 ratio), followed by degassing and heat-assisted crosslinking. We obtained a 31% reduction of thermal conductivity and a 60% increase in the elastic modulus of samples with HGM content of 17% by weight. At the same time, the sound insulation capacity of the PDMS-HGM composite is slightly decreased in comparison to pure PDMS, as a result of its lower density. Finally, the wettability of the samples had no dependence on HGM content.
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Flexible and High Thermal Conductivity Composites Based on Graphite Nanoplates Paper Impregnated with Polydimethylsiloxane. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5120309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the design, preparation, and characterization of conductive and flexible nanopapers based on graphite nanoplates (GNP) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Highly porous GNP nanopapers were first prepared by filtration from a GNP suspension in a solvent. Subsequently, PDMS impregnation was carried out to obtain a composite material. By varying the concentration of the polymer solution and the deposition time, PDMS/GNP nanopapers were produced with a wide range of PDMS contents, porosities, and densities. Thermal diffusivity of the composite films (both in-plane and cross-plane) were measured and correlated with the structure of the nanopapers. Selected formulations were investigated in detail for their physical, thermal, and mechanical properties, exhibiting high flexibility and resistance to more than 50 repeated bendings, stiffness of up to 1.3 MPa, and thermal conductivity of up to 25 W/m∙K. Based on the properties obtained, the materials presented in this paper may find applications in modern lightweight and flexible electronic devices.
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