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Costa NL, Hiranobe CT, Cardim HP, Dognani G, Sanchez JC, Carvalho JAJ, Torres GB, Paim LL, Pinto LF, Cardim GP, Cabrera FC, dos Santos RJ, Silva MJ. A Review of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Properties and Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1720. [PMID: 38932070 PMCID: PMC11207359 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a synthetic rubber widely used in industry and commerce due to its high thermal and chemical resistance. Nanotechnology has enabled the incorporation of nanomaterials into polymeric matrixes that maintain their flexibility and conformation, allowing them to achieve properties previously unattainable, such as improved tensile and chemical resistance. In this work, we summarize the influence of different nanostructures on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of EPDM-based materials to keep up with current research and support future research into synthetic rubber nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Lima Costa
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Dognani
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Juan Camilo Sanchez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Pascual Bravo University Institution (IUPB), Medellín 050036, Colombia; (J.C.S.); (J.A.J.C.)
| | | | - Giovanni Barrera Torres
- Industrial Design Engineering Department, Arts and Humanities Faculty, Metropolitan Institute of Technology (ITM), Medellín 050036, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Lataro Paim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Leandro Ferreira Pinto
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Flávio Camargo Cabrera
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Renivaldo José dos Santos
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Michael Jones Silva
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
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Farahmandnejad M, Alipour S, Nokhodchi A. Physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103964. [PMID: 38552779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The ocular thin film presents a potential solution for addressing challenges to ocular drug delivery. In this review, we summarise the findings of a comprehensive review analysing 336 formulations from 68 studies. We investigated the physical and mechanical properties of ocular thin films, categorised into natural polymer-based, synthetic polymer-based, and combined polymer films. The results showed that the type of polymers used impacted mucoadhesion force, moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio, pH, swelling index, and elongation percentage. Significant relationships were found between these properties within each subgroup. The results also highlighted the influence of plasticisers on elongation percentage, mucoadhesion force, swelling index, and moisture absorption:moisture loss ratio. These findings have implications for designing and optimising ocular drug formulations and selecting appropriate plasticisers to achieve formulations with the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Alipour
- Department of Drug & Food Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Lupin Research Inc, Coral Springs, FL, USA.
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Lu Z, Hu Y, Zhang B, Zhang G, Guo F, Jiang W. EPDM/GO composite insulation for anti-migration of plasticizers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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