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Baiden P, Jahan N, Onyeaka HK, Thrasher S, Tadeo S, Findley E. Age at first alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents: Findings from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100820. [PMID: 34141851 PMCID: PMC8187826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have investigated the association between alcohol use and violent behaviors such as weapon carrying, few studies have examined the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon-carrying among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between age at first alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents. METHODS Data for this study came from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 13,442 adolescents aged 14-18 years old (51% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated in this study was weapon carrying during the past 30 days, and the main explanatory variable investigated was age at first alcohol use. RESULTS Of the 13,442 adolescents, 13.5% carried a weapon during the past 30 days, and 15.4% reported having their first alcoholic drink before age 13. In the multivariable logistic regression, adolescents who reported having alcohol before age 13 had more than double the odds of carrying a weapon when compared to those who never had alcohol before age 13 (AOR = 2.32, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.87-2.89). Other significant factors associated with weapon carrying include male gender, victim of bullying, teen dating violence, sexual violence, suicidal ideation, and history of substance use. Adolescents who self-identified as Black/African American or Hispanic were significantly less likely to carry a weapon when compared to adolescents who self-identified as non-Hispanic White. CONCLUSION The findings of this study underscore the importance of developing age appropriate intervention strategies to curb early initiation of alcohol use and weapon carrying among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Psychology, 501 Nedderman Dr., Box 19528, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shawndaya Thrasher
- University of Kentucky, College of Social Work, 619 Patterson Office Tower, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Savarra Tadeo
- Florida State University, College of Social Work, 296 Champions Way, University Center, Building C-Suite 2500, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Erin Findley
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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Wooten NR, Brittingham JA, Sumi NS, Pitner RO, Moore KD. Behavioral Health Service Use by Military Children During Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. J Behav Health Serv Res 2019; 46:549-569. [PMID: 30627946 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-09646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical claims were analyzed from 2810 military children who visited a civilian emergency department (ED) or hospital from 2000 to 2014 with behavioral health as the primary diagnosis and TRICARE as the primary/secondary payer. Visit prevalence was estimated annually and categorized: 2000-2002 (pre-deployment), 2003-2008 (first post-deployment), 2009-2014 (second post-deployment). Age was categorized: preschoolers (0-4 years), school-aged (5-11 years), adolescents (12-17 years). During Afghanistan and Iraq wars, 2562 military children received 4607 behavioral health visits. School-aged children's mental health visits increased from 61 to 246 from pre-deployment to the second post-deployment period. Adolescents' substance use disorder (SUD) visits increased almost 5-fold from pre-deployment to the first post-deployment period. Mental disorders had increased odds (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.86-4.61) of being treated during hospitalizations than in EDs. Adolescents had increased odds of SUD treatment in EDs (OR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.85-4.60) compared to hospitalizations. Implications for integrated behavioral health and school behavioral health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Wooten
- College of Social Work, Hamilton College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | | | - Nahid S Sumi
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Ronald O Pitner
- College of Social Work, Hamilton College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kendall D Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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Reinhardt J, Clements-Nolle K, Yang W. Physical Fighting Among Male and Female Adolescents of Military Families: Results From a Representative Sample of High School Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:115-134. [PMID: 27030017 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516640546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of family military involvement on adolescent mental health and substance abuse is well established, but little is known about other behavioral health outcomes such as physical fighting. We assessed the relationship between family military involvement and physical fighting in a representative sample of 3,928 high school students. Weighted logistic regression was used to determine whether adolescents from military families had higher odds of fighting and fighting on school property compared with adolescents of non-military families after controlling for demographics, substance use, depressive symptoms, and bullying victimization. We also assessed the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors on fighting outcomes. Overall, 23.5% of high school students reported physical fighting and 7.0% reported physical fighting at school. Youth from military families had higher odds of physical fighting (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.27, 2.25]) and physical fighting on school property (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI = [1.16, 3.39]). In models stratified by gender, family military involvement remained independently associated with physical fighting and physical fighting at school for males (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI = [1.15, 2.65] and AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = [1.03, 4.74]) and females (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = [1.11, 2.45] and AOR = 1.88; 95% CI = [1.01, 3.50]). The odds of engaging in each physical fighting outcome increased as the cumulative number of risk factors increased. School-based interventions aimed at addressing fighting should be tailored to fit the unique needs of adolescents in military families, particularly those with additional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Yang
- 1 University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Williamson V, Stevelink SAM, Da Silva E, Fear NT. A systematic review of wellbeing in children: a comparison of military and civilian families. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:46. [PMID: 30443263 PMCID: PMC6220523 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in military families have uniquely different childhood experiences compared to their civilian peers, including a parent in employment and a stable familial income, frequent relocations, indirect exposure to and awareness of conflict, and extended separation from parents or siblings due to deployment. However, whether children from military families have poorer wellbeing than non-military connected children is not well understood. METHOD We conducted a systematic review to explore the relationship between military family membership (e.g. parent or sibling in the military) and child wellbeing compared to non-military connected controls. Searches for this review were conducted in September 2016 and then updated in February 2018. RESULTS Nine studies were identified, eight were cross-sectional. All studies utilised self-report measures administered in US school settings. On the whole, military connected youth were not found to have poorer wellbeing than civilian children, although those with deployed parents and older military connected children were at greater risk of some adjustment difficulties (e.g. substance use, externalising behaviour). Although only assessed in two studies, having a sibling in the military and experiencing sibling deployment was statistically significantly associated with substance use and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study is unique in its direct comparison of military and non-military connected youth. Our results highlight the need to examine the impact of military service in siblings and other close relatives on child wellbeing. Given the adverse impact of poor mental health on child functioning, additional research is needed ensure appropriate, evidence-based interventions are available for youth in military families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Williamson
- Kings Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Sharon A. M. Stevelink
- Kings Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Eve Da Silva
- Kings Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Nicola T. Fear
- Kings Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
- Academic Department for Military Mental Health, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK
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MacDermid Wadsworth S, Bailey KM, Coppola EC. U.S. Military Children and the Wartime Deployments of Family Members. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nelson SC, Baker MJ, Weston CG. Impact of Military Deployment on the Development and Behavior of Children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2016; 63:795-811. [PMID: 27565359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many US military families have faced separations of at least 1 family member for extended periods of time. This article shows how changes in military culture have increased the repercussions for military families, and especially for military-connected children. This article provides an introduction to aspects of military culture that are most applicable to children, an overview of important aspects of childhood development, a discussion of the impact of deployment on the emotional development and behavior of children left at home and their caregivers, and a review of some interventions and resources available to help these families navigate these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 South Edwin C. Moses Boulevard, Dayton, OH 45417-1461, USA.
| | - Matthew J Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 South Edwin C. Moses Boulevard, Dayton, OH 45417-1461, USA
| | - Christina G Weston
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 South Edwin C. Moses Boulevard, Dayton, OH 45417-1461, USA
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Klein DA, Adelman WP, Thompson AM, Shoemaker RG, Shen-Gunther J. All Military Adolescents Are Not the Same: Sexuality and Substance Use among Adolescents in the U.S. Military Healthcare System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141430. [PMID: 26512892 PMCID: PMC4626116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Data examining sexuality and substance use among active duty and military-dependent youth is limited; however, these psychosocial factors have military implications. Adolescents and young adults aged 12–23 were recruited from an active-duty trainee clinic (n = 225) and a military pediatric clinic (n = 223). Active duty participants were more likely to be older, male, White, previous tobacco users, and report a history of sexual activity and less contraception use at their most recent intercourse, compared to the dependent group. Over 10% of all participants indicated attraction to members of the same gender or both genders. In logistic regression analysis, non-White participants were less likely to use contraception compared to White participants. Adolescents and young adults seen in military clinics frequently engage in high-risk behavior. Clinicians who care for military youth should assess their patient’s psychosocial history. Further study of this population is warranted to identify factors that may influence risk and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William P. Adelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amy M. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Shoemaker
- Clinical Investigations, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States of America
| | - Jane Shen-Gunther
- Department of Clinical Investigation and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Faran ME, Johnson PL, Ban P, Shue T, Weist MD. The evolution of a school behavioral health model in the US Army. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2015; 24:415-28. [PMID: 25773333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The US Army has developed an innovative School Behavioral Health (SBH) program, part of the Child and Family Behavioral Health System, a collaborative, consultative behavioral health care model that includes SBH, standardized training of primary care providers in treatment of common behavioral health problems, use of tele-consultation/tele-behavioral health, optimizing community outreach services, and integration with other related behavioral health services. In this article, the needs of military children, adolescents, and families are reviewed, a history of this initiative is presented, key themes are discussed, and next steps in advancing this evolving, innovative system of health care featuring SBH are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Faran
- Child and Family Behavioral Health Office, United States Army Medical Command, 9913-A Madigan Annex, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
| | - Patti L Johnson
- Child and Family Behavioral Health Office, United States Army Medical Command, 9913-A Madigan Annex, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Paul Ban
- Child and Family Behavioral Health Office, United States Army Medical Command, 9913-A Madigan Annex, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Tracy Shue
- Child and Family Behavioral Health Office, United States Army Medical Command, 9913-A Madigan Annex, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Mark D Weist
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell 237D, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Wijeratne M, Seneviratne R, Gunawardena N, Østbye T, Lynch C, Sandøy IF. Development of the Sri Lankan early teenagers' violence inventory: an instrument to measure peer violence in schools. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:563143. [PMID: 25061607 PMCID: PMC4100445 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to develop an inventory to measure peer violence among early teens (13-15 years of age) in schools in Sri Lanka. Development of SLETVI was carried out in two phases. In phase I, development of an operational definition for peer violence, identification, and finalizing violent acts for inventory was done by a combination of qualitative methods: a comprehensive literature review, focus group discussions among 13-15-year-old adolescents, their teachers and parents, and consultative meetings with experts in the field. Inventory was then pretested. In phase II, elaboration of SLETVI was carried out by administering it to a sample of 1700 adolescents (13-15 years old). Exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis was performed separately for experiences of victimization and perpetration. Test-retest reliability of SLETVI was assessed. SLETVI included 37 items in three factors: "less severe violence," "severe physical," and "severe relational" violence. Combined use of qualitative and quantitative methods enabled development of a culturally valid and reliable operational inventory to assess early teenagers' peer violence in Sri Lankan and other South Asian schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohini Seneviratne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 271, 25 Kynsey Road, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Nalika Gunawardena
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 271, 25 Kynsey Road, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Truls Østbye
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, P.O. Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Catherine Lynch
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, P.O. Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- University of Bergen, Centre for International Health/Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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