1
|
Horta BL, Rollins N, Dias MS, Garcez V, Pérez-Escamilla R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of breastfeeding and later overweight or obesity expands on previous study for World Health Organization. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:34-41. [PMID: 35727183 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To update a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of breastfeeding with overweight or obesity that had been commissioned by the World Health Organization. We also assessed the likelihood of residual confounding. METHODS Two independent reviewers searched MEDLINE, LILACS and Web of Science for manuscripts published between August 2014 and May 2021. Studies that only evaluated infants were excluded. Random-effects models were used to pool the estimates. RESULTS The review comprised 159 studies with 169 estimates on the association of breastfeeding with overweight or obesity, and most of the studies were carried out among individuals aged 1-9 years (n = 130). Breastfeeding protected against overweight or obesity (pooled odds ratio:0.73, 95% confidence interval:0.71; 0.76). And, even among the 19 studies that were less susceptible to publication bias, residual confounding and misclassification, a benefit was observed (pooled odds ratio:0.85, 95% confidence interval:0.77; 0.93). Among those studies that were clearly susceptible to positive confounding by socioeconomic status, a benefit of breastfeeding was observed even after adjusting for socioeconomic status (pooled odds ratio:0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.69; 0.83). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding reduced the odds of overweight or obesity, and this association was unlikely to be due to publication bias and residual confounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Nigel Rollins
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariane S Dias
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Garcez
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Effects of Breastfeeding for Four Months on Thinness, Overweight, and Obesity in Children Aged 3 to 6 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study from National Physical Fitness Surveillance of Jiangsu Province, China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194154. [PMID: 36235805 PMCID: PMC9571296 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of breastfeeding during the first four months of life on thinness, overweight, and obesity and to analyze the influential factors in children aged three to six years in eastern China. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study, and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were followed. A total of 8053 subjects were included in this secondary analysis of data from the 2015 “Physical Fitness Surveillance data of Jiangsu, China”. The subjects were classified into three groups on the basis of feeding patterns: breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula feeding. The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) definitions of BMI were used to define thinness, overweight, and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analysis were used to assess the association between feeding patterns and childhood thinness, overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity, adjusted for potential confounders (sex, age grade, area, region/economy, gestational age, birthweight, childbearing age, mother’s education, and caretaker). Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding was 63.8%, and the prevalence of thinness, overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity reached 2.7%, 11.2%, 4.7%, and 15.9%, respectively. Breastfeeding participants had a lower risk of overweight and overweight/obesity with adjusted ORs of 0.652 (95% CI: 0.533, 0.797; p < 0.001) and 0.721 (95% CI: 0.602, 0.862; p < 0.001), respectively; however, there was no difference in thinness and obesity (both p > 0.05) compared with formula feeding. There was no statistical difference between mixed and formula feeding, in terms of thinness, overweight, obesity, or overweight/obesity (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that breastfeeding for three years, preterm, and a childbearing age of 25−29 years had higher adjusted ORs for thinness, and in 5−6 years, urban areas, southern/developed economy regions, post-mature, childbearing age ≥ 25 years, and other caretakers had higher and invalid breastfeeding-adjusted ORs (all p > 0.05 except overweight in the urban grade) for both overweight and overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Breastfeeding during the first four months was not associated with the thinness of children aged 3−6 years in eastern China, and the protective effect of breastfeeding against overweight or overweight/obesity could be confirmed. However, the effects of breastfeeding on thinness, overweight, and obesity may change or become invalid in some subgroups, suggesting that there may be potential interactions between feeding patterns and influential factors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Aderibigbe O, Lucas R. Exclusive breastfeeding in African American women: A concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1699-1713. [PMID: 35621344 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report an analysis of the concept of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in African American women. BACKGROUND EBF is the gold standard for infant nutrition from birth until 6 months. The rate of EBF in United States is low-26%, with African American women having the lowest rates. The low rates of EBF in this population are strongly attributed to bias, racism and generational trauma. Therefore, clarifying the concept of EBF with respect to these factors is important for promoting EBF rates of this population. DESIGN Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES Search was conducted in four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus) for articles published between 2001 and 2021. A total of 30 articles (20 quantitative, seven qualitative and three mixed methods) clarified the concept. Relevant literature emanated from diverse disciplines examining historical and present maternal and infant health. METHODS Concept analysis using Rodger's evolutionary method. RESULTS An operational definition of the concept of EBF in African American women was developed from the identified antecedents (modifiable and non-modifiable), defining attributes and consequences of the concept. Access to breastfeeding resources, maternal (prenatal intention to breastfeed, smoking status, attitude towards breastfeeding), infant (skin-to-skin care, successful latching and weight) and contextual factors (socioeconomic, occupational and cultural) predict EBF. The primary attributes of EBF were physiological, physical, psychological and relational. Consequences of EBF were positive health outcomes for, and increased bonding between, mother and infant. CONCLUSION This concept analysis is the first identifying modifiable and non-modifiable antecedents of EBF. The analysis provides an operational definition for EBF in African American women which is useful to promote understanding of breastfeeding. This new concept examines the historic societal trauma associated with wet nursing and reframes breastfeeding as a positive maternal and infant health behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Lucas
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Odusanya AO, Reid KS, Amutah-Onukagha N, Robinson K, Kalu OU, Lawrence WR, Lin Z. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and age stopped breastfeeding on early childhood weight status. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:214-219. [PMID: 35550119 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies have suggested that breastfeeding is associated with child weight status. However, the length of breastfeeding in relation to child weight remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the association between age stopped breastfeeding and child weight status by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis utilized a nationally representative sample of 3248 U.S. children ages 2-6 years from 2009 to 2018, from parents interviewed as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Child body weight and height were measured during physical examination. Information on age stopped breastfeeding and other demographic characteristics were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between age stopped breastfeeding and child weight status, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Children breastfed for ≤ 11 months had an increased odds of being overweight and obese with the strongest association observed among those classified as obese (OR=2.12; 95%CI 1.23, 3.64) compared with children breastfed for > 11-24 months. The association between breastfeeding and child weight status was observed by racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic white and Black children breastfed for ≤ 11 months had an associated increased likelihood of being overweight than their counterparts breastfed for > 11-24 months. Among Hispanic children, we observed elevated odds of being obese when breastfed for ≤ 11 months (OR=1.98; 95%CI 1.00, 3.91) than those breastfed for > 11-24 months. CONCLUSION Child weight status was associated with age stopped breastfeeding, where likelihood of being overweight and obese were greatest among children breastfed for ≤ 11 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne O Odusanya
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kaydian S Reid
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ndidiamaka Amutah-Onukagha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ola U Kalu
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts & Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hildebrand JS, Ferguson PL, Sciscione AC, Grobman WA, Newman RB, Tita AT, Wapner RJ, Nageotte MP, Palomares K, Skupski DW, Cooper DM, Zhang C, Neelon B, Vena JE, Hunt KJ. Breastfeeding Associations with Childhood Obesity and Body Composition: Findings from a Racially Diverse Maternal-Child Cohort. Child Obes 2022; 18:178-187. [PMID: 34669515 PMCID: PMC8982114 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies suggest breastfeeding lowers obesity risk in childhood, but generalizability of existing evidence is limited. We examined associations of breastfeeding with childhood overweight, obesity, and percentage body fat, in a racially diverse maternal-child cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 823 children, ages 4-8 years, enrolled in the Environmental Exposures and Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, a subset of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies cohort. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight [BMI (kg/m2) 85th to <95th percentile] and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) in relation to breastfeeding including duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding. Linear regression was used to evaluate association between breastfeeding and percentage body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Fifty-two percent of children were male, 32% non-Hispanic Black, 29% Hispanic, 27% non-Hispanic White, and 13% Asian; 16% were overweight and 13% obese. Six months of exclusive breastfeeding, compared with no breastfeeding, was associated with 60% lower odds of obesity (95% CI 0.18-0.91) adjusting for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, maternal BMI, and child's activity. Percentage body fat was inversely associated with breastfeeding duration. For none, <6, and ≥6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, adjusted mean percentage body fat was 16.8, 14.5, and 13.4, respectively. Results did not differ by gender, race/ethnicity, or maternal BMI status. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is inversely and significantly associated with obesity and percentage body fat at ages 4-8 years. These findings support current breastfeeding guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet S. Hildebrand
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Target RWE Health Evidence Solutions, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L. Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anthony C. Sciscione
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - William A. Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roger B. Newman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alan T. Tita
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald J. Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Nageotte
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Kristy Palomares
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel W. Skupski
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Fountain Valley Regional Hospital and Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Neelon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John E. Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelly J. Hunt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Address correspondence to: Kelly J. Hunt, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omar AA, Abdul Hakeem S, Kahloon HB, Alhashmi A, AlSaadi RA, Carrick FR, Abdulrahman M. Factors associated with knowledge and practice of optimal breastfeeding among mothers in Dubai. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:963-978. [PMID: 34773283 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although breastfeeding has been the primary source of nutrition for infants, many women do not choose to practise breastfeeding due to lack of knowledge, inability to do so or personal choices. This study aimed at determining the breastfeeding practices and examining the sociodemographic factors associated with optimal breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic at Dubai Health Authority. A structured questionnaire was designed consisting of sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitude and practice towards breastfeeding. The main reasons for not breastfeeding the baby within 30 min after delivery were having had a caesarean section, followed by separation of the baby from the mother. We found better practice among homemakers, non-United Arab Emirates (UAE) and married women, those with less monthly income, and those with standard delivery. There is a need for better education on optimal breastfeeding, especially in UAE national pregnant women, who have had caesarean sections, or having babies admitted in the intensive care unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidrah Abdul Hakeem
- Department of Public Health, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huda Bashir Kahloon
- Department of Public Health, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Alhashmi
- Department of Public Health, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Frederick Robert Carrick
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA.,Department of medical Education, MGH Institute Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahera Abdulrahman
- Department of Public Health, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Health Informatics & Smart Health Department, Health Regulation Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sung WH, Yeh KW, Huang JL, Su KW, Chen KF, Wu CC, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Liao SL, Lai SH, Chiu CY. Longitudinal changes in body mass index Z-scores during infancy and risk of childhood allergies. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:956-964. [PMID: 34728160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies address the dynamic changes of body mass index (BMI) Z-scores during infancy with breastfeeding and their impact on childhood atopic diseases. METHODS A total of 183 children from a birth cohort regularly followed-up for 4 years were enrolled in this study. Time series data of BMI Z-scores from 1 month to 2 years of age was clustered using K-means method in R software. Breastfeeding status during the first 6 months of life was recorded and classified. The total serum and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to food and inhalant allergens were measured at age 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years. RESULTS Using K-means clustering, the dynamic changes in BMI Z-scores were classified into three clusters (cluster A, increasing, n = 62; cluster B; decreasing, n = 62; cluster C, constant low, n = 59). Despite having no statistical association with atopic diseases, a decreasing trend in infantile BMI Z-scores was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IgE sensitization at age 1 which increased the risk of rhinitis development at age 4 (P = 0.007). No difference in BMI Z-scores was determined between different breastfeeding patterns. However, exclusive formula feeding ≥6 months was found to be significantly associated with mite sensitization at age 1.5 years which risks asthma development at age 4 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A decreasing trend of BMI Z-scores during infancy is determined to be inversely associated with IgE and allergen sensitization, which may potentially increase the risk of allergies in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Sung
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chin Hua
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hails KA, Whipps MDM, Gross RS, Bogen DL, Morris PA, Mendelsohn AL, Shaw DS. Breastfeeding and Responsive Parenting as Predictors of Infant Weight Change in the First Year. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:768-778. [PMID: 34270767 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test breastfeeding duration and responsive parenting as independent predictors of infant weight change from birth to 12 months, and to test the moderating effect of a tiered parenting intervention on relations between breastfeeding and responsive parenting in relation to infant weight change. METHODS Mother-infant dyads (N = 403) were participants in the ongoing Smart Beginnings (SB) randomized controlled trial testing the impact of the tiered SB parenting model that incorporates two evidence-based interventions: Video Interaction Project (VIP) and Family Check-Up (FCU). The sample was low income and predominantly Black and Latinx. Responsive parenting variables (maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness) came from coded observations of mother-infant interactions when infants were 6 months. Continuous weight-for-age (WFA) z-score change and infant rapid weight gain (RWG) from 0 to 12 months were both assessed. RESULTS Longer breastfeeding duration was significantly associated with less WFA z-score change. The relationship between breastfeeding duration and WFA z-score change was significant only for infants in the intervention group. Intrusive parenting behaviors were also associated with greater WFA z-score change after accounting for breastfeeding duration. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to test both breastfeeding and parenting in relation to infant weight gain in the first year. Findings may have implications for family-focused child obesity prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mackenzie D M Whipps
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development
| | | | - Debra L Bogen
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Pamela A Morris
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monge-Montero C, van der Merwe LF, Papadimitropoulou K, Agostoni C, Vitaglione P. Mixed milk feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence and drivers. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:914-927. [PMID: 32357372 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Extensive literature is available on exclusive breastfeeding and formula-feeding practices and health effects. In contrast, limited and unstructured literature exists on mixed milk feeding (MMF), here defined as the combination of breastfeeding and formula feeding during the same period in term infants > 72 hours old (inclusion criterion). OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, on the global prevalence of MMF (primary outcome) and related drivers and practices (secondary outcomes). DATA SOURCES The search of MMF in generally healthy populations was conducted across 6 databases, restricted to publications from January 2000 to August 2018 in English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently performed screenings and data extraction according to a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 2931 abstracts identified, 151 full-text publications were included for data extraction and 96 of those were included for data synthesis (the majority of those were cross-sectional and cohort studies). The authors summarized data across 5 different categories (feeding intention prenatally, and 4 age intervals between > 72 hours and > 6-23 months) and 5 regional subgroups. The overall prevalence of MMF across different age intervals and regions varied between 23% and 32%; the highest rate was found for the age group 4-6 months (32%; 95% confidence interval, 27%-38%); regional comparisons indicated highest MMF rates in Asia (34%), North and South America (33%), and Middle East and Africa together (36%), using a random effects meta-analysis model for proportions. Some drivers and practices for MMF were identified. CONCLUSION MMF is a widespread feeding reality. A shared and aligned definition of MMF will help shed light on this feeding practice and evaluate its influence on the duration of total breastfeeding, as well as on infants' nutrition status, growth, development, and health status in the short and long terms. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018105337.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Monge-Montero
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; and the Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Breastfeeding and Early Childhood Obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 53:57-66. [PMID: 32464422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Several studies have indicated a protective effect of breastfeeding on reducing the risk of childhood obesity, however, this remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to clarify the association between breastfeeding and the risk of preschoolers' obesity. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective cohort studies published prior to December 1, 2019 were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1. SAMPLE Twenty-six publications involving 332,297 participants were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The pooled odds ratio (OR) of the risk of obesity in ever-breastfed preschoolers was 0.83 (95%CI [0.73,0.94]) compared with their never-breastfed counterparts. Random-effects dose-response model revealed a negative correlation between the duration of breastfeeding and risk of obesity (regression coefficient = -0.032, p = .001). Categorical analysis confirmed this dose-response association (1 day to <3 months of breastfeeding: OR = 1.07, 95%CI [0.94,1.21]; 3 months to <6 months: OR = 0.96, 95%CI [0.60,1.54]; ≥6 months: OR = 0.67, 95%CI [0.58,0.77]). One month of breastfeeding was associated with a 4.0% decrease in risk of obesity (OR = 0.96/month of breastfeeding, 95% CI [0.95, 0.97]). Under the reference of never breastfeeding, the summary OR of exclusive breastfeeding was 0.53 (95%CI [0.45,0.63]). CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding is inversely associated with a risk of early obesity in children aged two to six years. Moreover, there is a dose-response effect between duration of breastfeeding and reduced risk of early childhood obesity. IMPLICATIONS Clinical nurses' guidance and advice that prolong the duration of breastfeeding and promote exclusive breastfeeding are needed to prevent the development of later childhood obesity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Associations between breastfeeding duration and overweight/obese among children aged 5-10: a focus on racial/ethnic disparities in California. AIMS Public Health 2020; 6:355-369. [PMID: 31909059 PMCID: PMC6940568 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity and research on racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding both show inconsistencies. The current study examines: 1) whether immigrant Hispanic women have higher rates of breastfeeding compared to non-Hispanic (three separate groups: African-American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and White) and U.S.-born Hispanic women; 2) whether children who were breastfed are less likely to be overweight/obese compared to children who were not breastfed; and 3) whether associations between breastfeeding and weight status vary by race/ethnicity/nativity. The study builds on prior literature using representative data from the Geographic Research On Wellbeing study (GROW, 2012–2013) and focusing on ages 5–10 years, an age group that has not been well studied (N = 2675 mother/child dyads). Logistic regression was used to investigate the odds of child obesity (≥95th%) and child overweight (≥85th%) in a series of models: unadjusted (each variable individually), demographic (child's sex, child's age, mother's age, mother's race/ethnicity, and mother's marital status), socioeconomic status (mother's education and family income), and full model (mother's BMI); with breastfeeding included in all models. Interactions between race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration were also examined. African-American (9.54%) and white (32.8%) women had the lowest and highest rates of ever breastfeeding, respectively. White women breastfed the longest (M = 10.52 months, SE = 0.028) and U.S.-born Hispanic women breastfed the shortest (M = 7.05 months, SE = 0.41), on average. Children of African-American and U.S.-born Hispanic mothers had higher odds of being overweight/obese (74–75%) compared with children of white mothers. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration and child's weight status in adjusted models, nor was there a significant interaction between mother's race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration on child's weight status; however, mother's own weight status was a significant driver of child's weight status and explained the racial/ethnic disparities. These results provide evidence in favor of there being no association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Vazquez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sirkka O, Vrijkotte T, Halberstadt J, Abrahamse‐Berkeveld M, Hoekstra T, Seidell J, Olthof M. Prospective associations of age at complementary feeding and exclusive breastfeeding duration with body mass index at 5-6 years within different risk groups. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:522-529. [PMID: 29695025 PMCID: PMC6099412 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with overweight or obesity are at risk for developing obesity in adulthood. Certain maternal characteristics, such as ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI) or neighbourhood, are determinants for childhood overweight risk. There are large variations in how mothers differing in these characteristics feed their infants. Therefore, associations of age at complementary feeding, exclusive breast feeding duration with childhood overweight may differ in these groups. Understanding these associations would be essential to develop overweight prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to study the associations of age at complementary feeding, exclusive breastfeeding duration with BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) at 5-6 years within risk groups. METHODS Using data from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, a population-based birth cohort (n = 4495), we formed groups of children at varying risk of overweight according to maternal characteristics of ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy BMI and neighbourhood. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Complementary feeding after 5 months of age was associated with lower BMI-SDS in children of mothers of Dutch ethnicity (B: -0.12; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.04), medium-level education (-0.19; -0.30, -0.08), normal BMI (-0.08; -0.16, -0.01) and high-risk neighbourhood (-0.16; -0.29, -0.02). Compared with exclusive breastfeeding for <3 months, exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 months was associated with lower BMI-SDS in groups of medium-level education (-0.28; 0.44, -0.11), normal BMI (-0.18; -0.29, -0.08) and medium-risk (-0.18; -0.33, -0.04) and high-risk (-0.22; -0.42, -0.02) neighbourhoods. CONCLUSIONS Associations between infant feeding practices and childhood BMI may differ between risk groups, implying that overweight prevention strategies should be group-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Sirkka
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Danone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - T. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Halberstadt
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - T. Hoekstra
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Olthof
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Escuder-Vieco D, Espinosa-Martos I, Rodríguez JM, Fernández L, Pallás-Alonso CR. Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2222. [PMID: 30319659 PMCID: PMC6170621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) is submitted to Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure its microbiological safety in human milk banks but this treatment affects some of its bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of HoP and high temperature short time (HTST) treatments on some bioactive compounds found in DHM. A total of 24 DHM batches were processed in a continuous HTST system (70, 72, and 75°C for 5-25 s) and by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min). The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Igs) A, G, and M, transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), adiponectine, ghrelin, and leptin were measured using a multiplex system, whereas the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by ELISA. In relation to Igs, IgG showed the highest preservation rates (87-101%) after HTST treatments, followed by IgA (54-88%) and IgM (25-73%). Ig retention after any of the HTST treatments was higher than after HoP (p < 0.001). Treatment times required to reduce the concentration of IgM by 90% (D-value) were 130, 88, and 49 s at 70, 72, and 75°C, while the number of degrees Celsius required to change the D-value by one factor of 10 (z-value) was 11.79°C. None of the heat treatments had a significant effect on the concentrations of TGF-β2, EGF, adiponectin, and ghrelin. In contrast, leptin was detected only in 4 of the samples submitted to HoP, whereas it was present in all samples after the different HTST treatments, with retention rates ranging between 34 and 68%. Globally, the concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, and leptin in DHM was significantly higher after HTST pasteurization performed in a continuous system designed to be used in human milk banks than after the HoP procedure that is routinely applied at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Escuder-Vieco
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Diana Escuder-Vieco
| | | | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Veterinaria), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria (Veterinaria), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rosa Pallás-Alonso
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased prevalence of high levels of body weight in early childhood has become a public health concern, given its potential association with adult obesity and related comorbidities. Both socioeconomic status and race-ethnicity are related to increased prevalence. The purpose of this study was to identify additional risk factors common to children of low-income families; and to guide quality improvement initiatives within home visiting programs, potentially fostering more desirable physical development outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of children (n = 14,318) of all mothers enrolled in Nurse-Family Partnership between 2007 and 2010 was evaluated. Measures consisted of demographics, health behaviors, and physical growth metrics collected by specially educated nurses during the course of home visits that also delivered the program model. Measures of weight (W) versus length (L) were converted to percentiles using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-World Health Organization norms with high W/L (≥97.7th percentile) defining a binary outcome. Multiple logistic regression modeling was then used to derive risk models for that outcome. RESULTS Across each of the four time points for body measures (child's age 6, 12, 18, and 24 months), race-ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal weight gain, and breastfeeding duration emerged as common risk factors. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Moderation of weight gain during pregnancy, extending breastfeeding duration, and normalization of BMI before subsequent pregnancies may potentially serve as means of lowering the prevalence of high body weight levels in young children of low-income families served by home visitors.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie Y, Zhu Y, Cotton CA, Wu P. A model averaging approach for estimating propensity scores by optimizing balance. Stat Methods Med Res 2017; 28:84-101. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280217715487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many approaches, including traditional parametric modeling and machine learning techniques, have been proposed to estimate propensity scores. This paper describes a new model averaging approach to propensity score estimation in which parametric and nonparametric estimates are combined to achieve covariate balance. Simulation studies are conducted across different scenarios varying in the degree of interactions and nonlinearities in the treatment model. The results show that, based on inverse probability weighting, the proposed propensity score estimator produces less bias and smaller standard errors than existing approaches. They also show that a model averaging approach with the objective of minimizing the average Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic leads to the best performing IPW estimator. The proposed approach is also applied to a real data set in evaluating the causal effect of formula or mixed feeding versus exclusive breastfeeding on a child’s body mass index Z-score at age 4. The data analysis shows that formula or mixed feeding is more likely to lead to obesity at age 4, compared to exclusive breastfeeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Xie
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Yeying Zhu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Cecilia A Cotton
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Pan Wu
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arianas EA, Rankin KM, Norr KF, White-Traut RC. Maternal weight status and responsiveness to preterm infant behavioral cues during feeding. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:113. [PMID: 28399825 PMCID: PMC5387281 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental obesity is highly predictive of child obesity, and preterm infants are at greater risk of obesity, but little is known about obese and non-obese mothers’ responsiveness to preterm infant cues during feeding. The relationship between maternal weight status and response to preterm infant behavioral cues during feeding at 6-weeks corrected age was examined. Methods This secondary analysis used data from a randomized clinical trial. Maternal weight was coded during a play session. Mother-infant interaction during feeding was coded using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale (NCAST). We used multivariate linear regressions to examine NCAST scores and multivariate logistic regressions for the two individual items, satiation cues and termination of feeding. Results Of the 139 mothers, 56 (40.3%) were obese, two underweight women were excluded. Obese mothers did not differ from overweight/normal weight mothers for overall NCAST scores, but they had higher scores on response to infant’s distress subscale (mean = 10.2 vs. 9.6, p = 0.01). The proportion of infants who exhibited satiation cues did not differ by maternal weight. Obese mothers were more likely than overweight/normal weight mothers to terminate the feeding when the infant showed satiation cues (82.1% vs. 66.3%, p = 0.04, adjusted OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 0.97, 5.48). Conclusions Limitations include lack of BMI measures and small sample size. Additional research is needed about maternal weight status and whether it influences responsiveness to preterm infant satiation cues. Results highlight the need for educating all mothers of preterm infants regarding preterm infant cues. Trial registration NCT02041923. Feeding and Transition to Home for Preterms at Social Risk (H-HOPE). Registered 15 January 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Arianas
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, (MC 802) 845 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612-7350, USA.
| | - Kristin M Rankin
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen F Norr
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, (MC 802) 845 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612-7350, USA
| | - Rosemary C White-Traut
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, (MC 802) 845 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612-7350, USA.,Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uwaezuoke SN, Eneh CI, Ndu IK. Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Lower Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review of Published Evidence. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2017; 11:1179556517690196. [PMID: 28469518 PMCID: PMC5398325 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517690196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern of infant feeding during the first 1000-day period-from conception to the second birthday-has a significant influence on the child's growth trajectory. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and lower risk of childhood obesity has elicited much scientific interest, given the fact that this form of malnutrition is becoming a global epidemic. AIM This narrative review aims to examine the evidence in the literature linking exclusive breastfeeding with reduction in obesity in children. LITERATURE SEARCH Using appropriate search terms, PubMed database was searched for relevant articles that met the review objective. RESULTS Evidence for the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against childhood obesity have been provided by studies which explored 5 physiologic mechanisms and those that established the causality between breastfeeding and lower risk of obesity. The few studies that disputed this relationship highlighted the influence of confounding factors. A new insight on molecular mechanisms, however, points to a direct and indirect effect of human milk oligosaccharides on the prevention of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS The preponderance of current evidence strongly suggests that exclusivity in breastfeeding can prevent the development of obesity in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Uwaezuoke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chizoma I Eneh
- Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna K Ndu
- Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1441-1451. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.SettingIn-home interviews with the child’s parents over a 5-year period across the USA.SubjectsApproximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).ResultsThe findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children’s junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mapping of Reviews on Breastfeeding and Obesity Risk in Children. Curr Nutr Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-016-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cody Stanford
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics; Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Child and family health in the era of prevention: new opportunities and challenges. J Behav Med 2016; 40:159-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
22
|
Mother and Infant Body Mass Index, Breast Milk Leptin and Their Serum Leptin Values. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060383. [PMID: 27338468 PMCID: PMC4924223 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates correlations between mother and infant Body Mass Index (BMI), their serum leptin values and breast milk leptin concentration in early infancy. Subjects and Methods: We determined serum leptin values in 58 healthy infants and leptin values in their mothers’ breast milk, using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Infant and maternal anthropometrics were measured. Results: Median leptin concentration was 3.9 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 2.75) in infant serum, 4.27 ng/mL (IQR: 5.62) in maternal serum and 0.89 ng/mL (IQR: 1.32) in breast milk. Median maternal BMI and weight were 24 kg/m2 (IQR: 4.41) and 64 kg (IQR: 15). Median infant BMI was 15.80 kg/cm2 (IQR: 4.02), while average weight was 5.130 kg (IQR: 1.627). Infants serum leptin values positively correlated with infants’ BMI (p = 0.001; r = 0.213) and breast milk leptin (p = 0.03; r = 0.285). Maternal serum leptin values positively correlated with maternal BMI (p = 0.000, r = 0.449) and breast milk leptin ones (p = 0.026; r = 0.322). Conclusion: Breast milk leptin and maternal BMI could influence infant serum leptin values. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the role of genetics and environment on infant leptin production and risk of obesity later in life.
Collapse
|