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Pan Y, Xu J. Can EPDS and EPDS-3A be used to replace GAD-7 to screen the anxiety of pregnant women during pregnancy examination? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:902-911. [PMID: 37559497 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the screening ability and cut-off scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and EPDS-3A for pregnancy anxiety in pregnancy examination. METHODS This was a prospective repetitive measurement study. A follow-up survey was performed in Chinese pregnant women with the EPDS, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and a basic information questionnaire. A total of 609 women participated in all surveys at three trimesters, and all data were complete with no missing values. Receiver operating characteristic curves, Cohen's kappa and cross-tabulation were used to test the single and combined screening ability of EPDS and EPDS-3A for pregnancy anxiety. RESULTS The areas under the curves of EPDS and EPDS-3A were close to or more than 0.90. EPDS scores greater than 14 in the first trimester and greater than 13 in the second and third trimesters could be used as the cut-off values. EPDS-3A score greater than 4 could be used as the cut-off value in each trimester. Adding the EPDS-3A to the EPDS would lead to correct identification of an additional 6.33%, 6.35%, and 7.25% of anxious women and misdiagnosis of an additional 6.60%, 2.56%, and 2.41% of normal women in each trimester, respectively. CONCLUSION The EPDS and EPDS-3A can be used alone or in combination for initially screening of pregnancy anxiety. Under certain conditions, they can even be used to replace GAD-7 for anxiety screening to reduce the adverse influence of excessive screening on pregnant women, and improve the quality of survey data and efficiency of clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Pan
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jihong Xu
- Human Genetic Resource Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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2
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Shebelsky R, Sadi W, Heesen P, Aber RN, Fein S, Iluz-Freundlich D, Shmueli A, Azem K, Radyan Tamayev I, Binyamin Y, Orbach-Zinger S. The relationship between postpartum pain and mother-infant bonding: A prospective observational study. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2024; 43:101315. [PMID: 37865216 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum pain is associated with impaired maternal recovery and may influence mother-infant bonding. METHODS Participants who underwent a vaginal or cesarean delivery were assessed 24 h postpartum. Postpartum pain intensity was measured using the Verbal Numeric Score (VNS) (0-10) and classified as non-severe (<8) or severe pain (≥8). Maternal-infant bonding was evaluated using the Post-Partum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ; 0-125), with a score > 5 defining impaired bonding. Demographic data included age, BMI, parity, education level, economic status, partnership, prior history of depression, familial history of depression, desire to breastfeed, epidural analgesia during labor, rooming in, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data were analyzed using 2 separate multivariable logistic regression models for vaginal and cesarean deliveries, where maximum postpartum pain was the independent variable and impaired postpartum bonding was the dependent variable and controlled for the other factors collected. RESULTS Severe postpartum pain (VNS ≥ 8) showed no significant relationship with impaired bonding when controlling for confounding variables. In vaginal deliveries, there was an association between a history of depression and impaired bonding (Odds Ratio 2.2 [1.07-4.65], p = 0.04) and EPDS > 10 and impaired bonding (OR 11.5 [3.2-73.6], p < 0.001). For cesarean deliveries, rooming in with the baby had a protective effect (OR 11.5 [3.2-73.6], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectations, severe postpartum pain did not influence maternal-infant binding in the cohort of patients with vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Instead, factors such as maternal mental health and rooming-in practices appeared to exert more significant influence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05206552.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Shebelsky
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wadeea Sadi
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rachel N Aber
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Fein
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Iluz-Freundlich
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Shmueli
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karam Azem
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Radyan Tamayev
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Binyamin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Sharon Orbach-Zinger
- Department, Department of Anaesthesia, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikvah, and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hulsbosch LP, van de Poel E, Nyklíček I, Boekhorst MG. Trait mindfulness facets as a protective factor for the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 157:264-270. [PMID: 36527739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression has a prevalence rate of up to 17%. As there are many negative consequences of postpartum depressive symptoms, it is important to examine possible protective factors, such as trait mindfulness. Since postpartum depressive symptoms are variable over time between and within individuals, this study focused on the possible association between facets of trait mindfulness and trajectories of postpartum depressive symptoms throughout the first postpartum year. METHODS A subsample of 713 women that participated in the HAPPY study completed the Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form at 22 weeks of pregnancy and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at six weeks, four months, eight months, and twelve months postpartum. Possible different EPDS trajectories were obtained by means of growth mixture modeling. RESULTS Two EPDS trajectories (classes) were found: a low stable symptom class (N = 647, 90.7%) and an increasing-decreasing symptom class (N = 66, 9.3%). Women in the low stable class showed higher 'acting with awareness' and 'non-judging' scores. A higher score on the 'non-judging' facet of trait mindfulness was associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the low stable class (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.72, 0.87], p < 0.001), adjusted for confounders and the other mindfulness facets. CONCLUSIONS The non-judging facet of trait mindfulness was associated with low stable levels of depressive symptoms during the first postpartum year. Mindfulness-based programs, focusing on enhancing non-judging may be of benefit for pregnant women to possibly decrease the risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P Hulsbosch
- Center of Research in Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Emma van de Poel
- Center of Research in Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Nyklíček
- Center of Research in Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Myrthe Gbm Boekhorst
- Center of Research in Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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Higher Levels of Postnatal Depressive Symptomatology, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Life Satisfaction among Gay Fathers through Surrogacy in Comparison to Heterosexual Fathers: A Study in Israel in Times of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137946. [PMID: 35805604 PMCID: PMC9265351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the psychological welfare, as indicated by postnatal depressive symptomatology, life satisfaction, and posttraumatic growth (growth after contending with stressful birth events), of Israeli gay fathers through surrogacy in comparison to heterosexual fathers. For that purpose, a sample of 167 Israeli fathers (M = 35.6, SD = 4.4) was recruited (68 identified as gay fathers through surrogacy and 99 as heterosexual fathers). Participants completed questionnaires assessing their postnatal depressive symptomatology, life satisfaction, and sense of posttraumatic growth after becoming fathers. Results indicated that gay fathers through surrogacy reported higher levels of life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth than heterosexual fathers. Yet, gay fathers also reported higher levels of postnatal depressive symptomatology than heterosexual fathers when life satisfaction or posttraumatic growth values were low or medium. The findings were interpreted in light of the hardships associated with cross-border surrogacy and the psychological outcomes associated with succeeding to become fathers after contending with them. The study contributes to the limited literature on postnatal depressive symptomatology and posttraumatic growth among gay fathers through surrogacy and provides clinicians and policymakers with relevant information on the psychological strengths and potential difficulties associated with cross-border surrogacy among gay fathers.
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Alfayumi-Zeadna S, Bina R, Levy D, Merzbach R, Zeadna A. Elevated Perinatal Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Study among Jewish and Arab Women in Israel. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020349. [PMID: 35054043 PMCID: PMC8778708 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed prevalence of perinatal depression symptoms (PNDS) during the COVID-19 pandemic among Arab and Jewish women in Israel and identified COVID-19-related risk factors for PNDS, while comparing Arab and Jewish women. Sample included 730 perinatal women (604 Jewish and 126 Arab) aged 19-45 years, who filled out an online self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed several areas: perinatal experiences and exposure to COVID-19, social support, and financial and emotional impact. PNDS was measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prevalence of PNDS (EPDS ≥ 10) in the entire study population was 40.0%. Prevalence among Arab women was significantly higher compared to Jewish women (58% vs. 36%, PV < 0.001). Higher PNDS were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (GAD ≥ 10) (PV < 0.001), stress related to COVID-19 (PV < 0.001), adverse change in delivery of healthcare services (PV = 0.025), and unemployment (PV = 0.002). PNDS has elevated more than twofold during COVID-19 in Israel. Such high rates of PNDS may potentially negatively impact women, and fetal and child health development. This situation requires special attention from public health services and policy makers to provide support and mitigation strategies for pregnant and postpartum women in times of health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Rena Bina
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.B.); (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Drorit Levy
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.B.); (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rachel Merzbach
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.B.); (D.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Atif Zeadna
- Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410402, Israel;
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Duran S, Kaynak S. Investigation of the Relationship Between Postpartum-Specific Anxiety and Maternal Attachment and Affecting Factors in a Turkish Sample. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.33880/ejfm.2021100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Postpartum-specific anxiety is associated with impaired mother-infant attachment, postpartum depression, reduced probability of breastfeeding, increased risk of infant abuse, and increased probability of anxiety in children and may lead to psychological, cognitive, and psycho-motor disorders in child development. This descriptive and cross-sectional study aims to determine the effect of anxiety level in the postpartum period in women on maternal attachment.
Methods: The participants were 384 postpartum women who have a 1-3-month old baby. Data were collected using a personal information form, Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale, and Maternal Attachment Inventory.
Results: It was found that the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale in women was at a medium level, while maternal attachment was at a high level. While the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale was at higher levels in those who were younger, unemployed, and had no other children, the younger age of the partner increased the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale score. No statistically significant relationship was found between Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale and maternal attachment.
Conclusion: It is seen that to evaluate women in terms of anxiety in the postpartum period and to provide the necessary psychosocial support is necessary. The fact that maternal attachment in women was high may have had a positive effect on her relationship with postpartum anxiety.
Keywords: postpartum, anxiety, children, bonding
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Affiliation(s)
- Songul Duran
- Izmir Demokrasi University Health Services Vocational College, Care of Elderly Program
| | - Serap Kaynak
- Balikesir University Faculty of Health, Department of Child Health Nursing
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Sun J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Li N, Liu T, Su X, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Pan L, Jiang W, Zhu W. Maternal postpartum feeding anxiety was associated with infant feeding practices: results from the mother-infant cohort study of China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:780. [PMID: 33317471 PMCID: PMC7737271 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal feeding anxiety (FA) was prevalent during puerperium and might affect infant feeding practices. This study was aimed to investigate the FA status in Chinese postpartum women and its relationship with infant feeding practices (FPs). Methods Participants were from the Mother-Infant Cohort Study of China, in which the dietary and feeding practices, physical and psychiatric health for both mothers and infants were followed up from childbirth to next 2 years. In this study the maternal feeding anxiety (FA) status at 0–3 months postpartum was assessed by Li’s Self-rating Feeding Anxiety Scale (SFAS). Infant feeding practices (FPs) at 0–3 months, including breastfeeding-related behaviors, responsive feeding and infant food refusal were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. Results In total 456 mothers the average feeding anxiety scores (FAS) was 41.02 ± 8.02 (mean ± SD), and maternal FA prevalence were 61.4% (FAS>38) with severe FA being 8.6% (FAS>52) at 0–3 months postpartum. The FAS was related with infant FPs, and lower maternal FAS was significantly related with infant colostrum feeding (40.86 ± 8.02 vs 44.74 ± 11.33, P < 0.05), but higher FAS was related with bottle feeding (41.95 ± 8.28 vs 39.69 ± 7.92, P < 0.05). The mothers with severe feeding anxiety (FAS > 53) were more likely to feed infants with bottle (ORs, 95%CI: 2.41, 1.11 ~ 5.19). There were not significant association between FAS and exclusive breastfeeding and responsive feeding practices (P > 0.05). The higher FAS was associated with infant food refusal behaviors, the maternal scores whose infant “never”, “rarely”, “sometimes” and “often” spat out food when feeding were 39.86 ± 8.02, 41.47 ± 8.18, 41.36 ± 7.44 and 42.14 ± 12.03 increasingly (P > 0.05), and the FA prevalence was significantly different among groups (P < 0.05). The infants whose mother was identified as feeding anxiety were more likely to refuse opening the mouth when feeding (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated maternal FAS was positively related to infant bottle feeding (βi = 2.487, P < 0.05) and outdoor sunshine exposure practice (βi = 1.787, P < 0.05), and negatively related to household income level (βi = − 0.118, P < 0.05). Conclusions Maternal postpartum feeding anxiety was associated with some infant feeding practices, including bottle feeding and infant food refusal behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-020-03483-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Shijingshan District Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Shunyi District Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Niuniu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiyong Dai
- Peking-Ausnutria Maternal and Infant Nutrition Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Peking-Ausnutria Maternal and Infant Nutrition Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Peking-Ausnutria Maternal and Infant Nutrition Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Peking-Ausnutria Maternal and Infant Nutrition Research Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University School of Public Health; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Phan J, Liu HH, Yasui M, Liu CH. Psychosocial and healthcare experiences among women with pre-pregnancy mental health concerns. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:196-202. [PMID: 30927990 PMCID: PMC6668341 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Phan
- Loyola University Chicago, 1000 W Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660, United States of America.
| | - Heidi H Liu
- Harvard Kennedy School, 79 JFK Street, Box 103, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Miwa Yasui
- School of Social Service Administration, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02446, United States of America.
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Mu TY, Li YH, Pan HF, Zhang L, Zha DH, Zhang CL, Xu RX. Postpartum depressive mood (PDM) among Chinese women: a meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:279-287. [PMID: 29980903 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression is a common complication of childbearing and up to 12 months postpartum. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depressive mood (PDM) in China by performing a meta-analysis of published studies. Studies that reported the prevalence of PDM in China were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and CQVIP databases. Three thousand, one hundred, and two articles were obtained, and after careful evaluation, 26 studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The combined studies included a total of 7618 cases with 1621 cases of PDM. The studies were assessed on the basis of heterogeneity testing and the potential for publication bias. Stata software 11.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. The random-effect model showed that the prevalence of PDM was 21% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 17-25%. PDM was the highest 0 to 1.5 months after delivery. PDM levels decreased to 10.4% (95% CI 9.7-11.1%, P < 0.001) after publication bias were corrected. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the stability of our results and showed no significant change when any single study was excluded. Subgroup analyses showed that region, instruments used, cut-off score, and time points for depression assessment were positively associated with PDM prevalence. The prevalence of PDM differed among regions, with South Central China and East China exhibiting the lowest prevalence. The prevalence was higher in regions with poor economic development, suggesting that more attention should be devoted to Southwest and North China and that the prevalence of PDM should be evaluated 0 to 1.5 months after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Mu
- Nursing College of Anhui Medical University, Feicui Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Nursing College of Anhui Medical University, Feicui Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Nursing College of Anhui Medical University, Feicui Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hui Zha
- Nursing College of Anhui Medical University, Feicui Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lu Zhang
- Nursing College of Anhui Medical University, Feicui Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Xiang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Matthey S, Souter K. Is pregnancy-specific anxiety more enduring than general anxiety using self-report measures? A short-term longitudinal study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 37:384-396. [PMID: 30806080 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1578869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the rates of transient and enduring distress differ between general and pregnancy-specific anxiety in antenatal English-speaking women. Background: Evidence indicates that half of women with high levels of general anxiety during pregnancy will no longer be highly anxious after a few weeks, without having received treatment. Pregnancy-specific anxiety, however, may be more enduring, as many worries concerning the forthcoming birth, whether the baby will be healthy and the woman's ability to care for a newborn are likely to continue, or increase, during the pregnancy. Method: Women attending a public hospital antenatal clinic completed several mood questionnaires, including a mix of general anxiety and pregnancy-specific anxiety scales (T1). Between 2 and weeks later (T2), still during pregnancy, participants completed the same measures via a phone interview. Results: Between 76 and 243 women completed the different measures at both time points. For each measure the result was similar: about half of women scoring high at the first assessment (T1) continued to score high at T2 on both the general and pregnancy-specific anxiety measures, despite not receiving any specialist intervention. By contrast, over 90% of women initially scoring low on the various measures continued to score low at T2. Conclusion: Whether women are screened for pregnancy-specific or for general anxiety, around half scoring 'high' on the measure will no longer be in the anxious range a few weeks later. They thus have 'transient' anxiety. This transient/enduring finding was also confirmed for those with high levels of depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Matthey
- a School of Psychology, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.,b School of Psychiatry, UNSW , Sydney , Australia.,c South West Sydney Local Health District , Sydney , Australia
| | - Kay Souter
- c South West Sydney Local Health District , Sydney , Australia
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