Analysis of YouTube© Videos Regarding Breastfeeding During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic

Evaluating AI-based breastfeeding chatbots: quality, readability, and reliability analysis

BACKGROUND

In recent years, expectant and breastfeeding mothers commonly use various breastfeeding-related social media applications and websites to seek breastfeeding-related information. At the same time, AI-based chatbots-such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot-have become increasingly prevalent on these platforms (or on dedicated websites), providing automated, user-oriented breastfeeding guidance.

AIM

The goal of our study is to understand the relative performance of three AI-based chatbots: ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, by evaluating the quality, reliability, readability, and similarity of the breastfeeding information they provide.

METHODS

Two researchers evaluated the information provided by three different AI-based breastfeeding chatbots: ChatGPT version 3.5, Gemini, and Copilot. A total of 50 frequently asked questions about breastfeeding were identified and used in the study, divided into two categories (Baby-Centered Questions and Mother-Centered Questions), and evaluated using five scoring criteria, including the Quality Information Provision for Patients (EQIP) scale, the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scale, the Similarity Index (SI), the Modified Dependability Scoring System (mDISCERN), and the Global Quality Scale (GQS).

RESULTS

The evaluation of AI chatbots' answers showed statistically significant differences across all criteria (p <  0.05). Copilot scored highest on the EQIP, SMOG, and SI scales, while Gemini excelled in mDISCERN and GQS evaluations. No significant difference was found between Copilot and Gemini for mDISCERN and GQS scores. All three chatbots demonstrated high reliability and quality, though their readability required university-level education. Notably, ChatGPT displayed high originality, while Copilot exhibited the greatest similarity in responses.

CONCLUSION

AI chatbots provide reliable answers to breastfeeding questions, but the information can be hard to understand. While more reliable than other online sources, their accuracy and usability are still in question. Further research is necessary to facilitate the integration of advanced AI in healthcare.

YouTube Video Clips on Breastfeeding Education and Promotion for Arabic-Speaking Populations: A Social Media Content Analysis

Background/Objective: Although the benefits of breastfeeding are well-documented and widely recognized, reports indicate that optimal breastfeeding rates are low in Arabic-speaking countries. This is a significant concern given the health benefits associated with breastfeeding for both infants and mothers. Previous research has shown that education interventions can increase breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Arabic-speaking populations. The social media platform YouTube holds significant potential for distributing customized health education for diverse audiences; specifically, this platform has the potential to empower mothers and normalize long-term breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of YouTube videos on breastfeeding available in the Arabic language. Methods: We used standard procedures to search YouTube for Arabic breastfeeding videos posted on YouTube in December 2023. Videos were evaluated using the three scales of the DISCERN quality evaluation instrument (reliability, information quality, video quality) and total score. Comparative statistics were generated. Results: In total, 165 videos met the inclusion criteria, with 29.7% in the Education category; 43.6% were in Egyptian Arabic dialect. Almost all (91.75%) of the educational videos had a "medium" quality assessment. Educational videos and those using health professionals had higher quality assessments than those in other categories or done with other speakers. Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that most content on the topic of breastfeeding was of only medium reliability and informational quality. New mothers seeking breastfeeding information or support may be in need of specific problem-solving information at a time when they are living with the often-difficulty reality of caring for a newborn or very young infant. There is a clear need for accurate, culturally congruent information to effectively support breastfeeding in Arabic-speaking countries. Future efforts should focus on improving the quality of online health education content, with implications for public health strategies and policy development.

Assessing the Knowledge and Attitudes of Breastfeeding During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background It is generally accepted that breastfeeding is a practice that provides valuable health benefits to both mother and baby. However, the COVID-19 pandemic unveiled questions regarding the safety of breastfeeding, leading to potential hesitation among the public. Our study seeks to appreciate the public's understanding and attitudes toward breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed online through social media platforms. Demographic information was collected with questions specifically analyzing the knowledge and attitude of each participant. Calculations were performed using Spearman's rho correlations to determine significant differences. Results Thirty-nine women were recruited. The average overall knowledge score was 93% correct. 87% of participants believe breastfeeding is better than formula feeding, and 92% stated they would breastfeed their infant if they knew it could protect their child from COVID-19. Discussion The results of our study indicated that although overall knowledge of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic was well understood, higher levels of education may play a role in the depth of one's knowledge. In addition, while participants were reporting high levels of education about breastfeeding from their healthcare providers, few were receiving data specific to the pandemic. The data gathered from this study may help to target future educational initiatives.

Web 2.0 as a new support for breastfeeding: Perception of mothers and professionals through a qualitative approach

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of Web 2.0 as a complementary support network to traditional networks for the promotion of breastfeeding (BF).

METHOD

Qualitative and exploratory study carried out from September 8 to December 31, 2022, at the Las Vegas Health Centre (Corvera), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA). The participants were 5 professional experts in BF and 7 breastfeeding mothers, who made up two focus groups, selected by convenience sampling. The analysis consisted of transcription of data, in-depth reading, analysis by grouping concepts and classification of the information into categories.

RESULTS

After the final analysis, seven categories were identified, organised according to the proximity of the topic and the proposed objective, based on the most significant discourses of the study: difficulties during BF, importance of receiving help: first support networks, other support networks, A health system with deficiencies, pandemic and BF 2.0, Health 2.0 and apps in BF: new form of support and characteristics of an "ideal" app on BF.

CONCLUSIONS

Web 2.0 has revolutionised the way mothers access information and support on BF, creating an online support network connecting mothers and professionals around the world, providing up-to-date information and enabling a source of emotional support through the creation of peer groups. This positive influence of Web 2.0 has had a significant impact on promoting BF and empowering mothers to make informed decisions about their breastfeeding process.

Evaluation of YOUTUBE videos on complementary feeding: Content quality and reliability analysis

YouTube is an online platform that parents frequently use to access information on child health. Parents' watching YouTube videos to have information on complementary feeding requires evaluation of the videos regarding child health. This study which was conducted in descriptive design, aimed to analyze YouTube videos' content quality and reliability on complementary feeding. Searched by matching keywords "starting", "beginning", "introducing", "solid food", and "complementary feeding" through boolean operators in the English language on YouTube, on August 2022. The search identified 528 videos related to complementary feeding. Two independent researchers analyzed the content of 61 videos that met the inclusion criteria. The content quality of the videos was evaluated using the Checklist for Complementary Feeding (CCF), which was prepared by researchers in line with international guidelines, the reliability of the videos was analyzed using the DISCERN, and the content quality was evaluated using the Global Quality Score (GQS). Of the 61 videos included, 38 (62.3%) were informative, and 23 (37.7%) were misleading. The kappa value among independent observers was 0.96. The mean GQS, DISCERN, and CCF scores of the videos grouped as informative were significantly higher than the videos grouped as misleading (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of GQS and DISCERN according to the publication source of the videos (p = 0.033 and p = 0.023, respectively). The GQS and DISCERN mean scores of the Ministrial/Academic/Hospital/Healthcare Institution channel videos were higher than the mean scores of the Individual/Parents content channel videos. Videos on YouTube about complementary feeding have high viewing rates, but also videos that are low in terms of quality and reliability.