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Aktay I, Bitirim CV, Olgar Y, Durak A, Tuncay E, Billur D, Akcali KC, Turan B. Cardioprotective role of a magnolol and honokiol complex in the prevention of doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity in adult rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:337-350. [PMID: 37074505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) induces marked cardiotoxicity, though increased oxidative stress while there are some documents related with cardioprotective effects of some antioxidants against organ-toxicity during cancer treatment. Although magnolia bark has some antioxidant-like effects, its action in DOXO-induced heart dysfunction has not be shown clearly. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective action of a magnolia bark extract with active component magnolol and honokiol complex (MAHOC; 100 mg/kg) in DOXO-treated rat hearts. One group of adult male Wistar rats was injected with DOXO (DOXO-group; a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg in 2-week) or saline (CON-group). One group of DOXO-treated rats was administered with MAHOC before DOXO (Pre-MAHOC group; 2-week) while another group was administered with MAHOC following the 2-week DOXO (Post-MAHOC group). MAHOC administration, before or after DOXO, provided full survival of animals during 12-14 weeks, and significant recoveries in the systemic parameters of animals such as plasma levels of manganese and zinc, total oxidant and antioxidant statuses, and also systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This treatment also significantly improved heart function including recoveries in end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, heart rate, cardiac output, and prolonged P-wave duration. Furthermore, the MAHOC administrations improved the structure of left ventricles such as recoveries in loss of myofibrils, degenerative nuclear changes, fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, and interstitial edema. Biochemical analysis in the heart tissues provided the important cardioprotective effect of MAHOC on the redox regulation of the heart, such as improvements in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and oxygen radical-absorbing capacity of the heart together with recoveries in other systemic parameters of animals, while all of these benefits were observed in the Pre-MAHOC treatment group, more prominently. Overall, one can point out the beneficial antioxidant effects of MAHOC in chronic heart diseases as a supporting and complementing agent to the conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Aktay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Verda Bitirim
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Stem cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Iqbal MO, Gu Y, Khan IA, Wang R, Chen J. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Jatropha mollissima leaves in Wistar rats. Front Chem 2023; 11:1283618. [PMID: 38164252 PMCID: PMC10757942 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1283618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite modern sciences and advancements in new drugs or chemicals, the new era now rushes natural remedies for various illnesses and diseases that lead to end organ damage. In this study, we investigated Jatropha mollissima ethanolic extract's effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and renal toxicity. Methods: To determine phytochemicals, a phytochemical screening was conducted. Various assays were used to measure the antioxidant activity, including the DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), SOD (superoxide dismutase), NO (nitric oxide), and others. The antiproliferative effect of Jm was assessed by MTT assay; morphological analysis was performed using an inverted and phase contrast microscope, ultra morphological analysis of apoptosis with acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: It was seen that doxorubicin caused elevated serum markers and abnormal changes in histological patterns. The significant reduction in cardiac and renal marker levels seen in groups given either 400 or 600 mg/kg of crude extract demonstrates that Jm has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity due to the presence of active phytoconstituents having antioxidant potential. There is a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability when using J. mollissima. Apoptosis was observed in the treated cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research lends credence to the idea that J. mollissima could be used for cancer management and have cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fatima Tu Zahara Department of Life Sciences, Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yuchao Gu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Imran Ahmad Khan
- Fatima Tu Zahara Department of Life Sciences, Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ruihong Wang
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Rashid H, Akhter MS, Alshahrani S, Qadri M, Nomier Y, Sageer M, Khan A, Alam MF, Anwer T, Ayoub R, Bahkali RJH. Mitochondrial oxidative damage by co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen in rat testes and its amelioration by melatonin. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:26-33. [PMID: 36935409 PMCID: PMC10030205 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2022.05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human exposure to multiple xenobiotics, over various developmental windows, results in adverse health effects arising from these concomitant exposures. Humans are widely exposed to bisphenol A, and acetaminophen is the most commonly used over-the-counter drug worldwide. Bisphenol A is a well-recognized male reproductive toxicant, and increasing evidence suggests that acetaminophen is also detrimental to the male reproductive system. The recent recognition of male reproductive system dysfunction in conditions of suboptimal reproductive outcomes makes it crucial to investigate the contributions of toxicant exposures to infertility and sub-fertility. We aimed to identify toxicity in the male reproductive system at the mitochondrial level in response to co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and we investigated whether melatonin ameliorated this toxicity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=10 each): a control group and groups that received melatonin, bisphenol A, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and acetaminophen, and bisphenol A and acetaminophen with melatonin treatment. RESULTS Significantly higher lipid peroxidation was observed in the testicular mitochondria and sperm in the treatment groups than in the control group. Levels of glutathione and the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and manganese superoxide dismutase decreased significantly in response to the toxicant treatments. Likewise, the toxicant treatments significantly decreased the sperm count and motility, while significantly increasing sperm mortality. Melatonin mitigated the adverse effects of bisphenol A and acetaminophen. CONCLUSION Co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen elevated oxidative stress in the testicular mitochondria, and this effect was alleviated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra Nomier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Sageer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana J H Bahkali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Akinloye OA, Sulaimon LA, Ogunbiyi OE, Odubiyi AE, Adewale AA, Toriola MA, Salami OA, Boyenle ID. Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny Pigweed) methanol leaf extract alleviates oxidative and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in male sprague dawley rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dana PM, Sadoughi F, Reiter RJ, Mohammadi S, Heidar Z, Mirzamoradi M, Asemi Z. Melatonin as an adjuvant treatment modality with doxorubicin [Biochimie 200 (2022) 1-7]. Biochimie 2022; 200:1-7. [PMID: 35569703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sotoudeh Mohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Mirzamoradi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
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Amarasiri SS, Attanayake AP, Mudduwa LKB, Jayatilaka KAPW. Nephroprotective mechanisms of Ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.) leaf extracts in adriamycin mediated acute kidney injury model of Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115221. [PMID: 35339624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik., Family: Malvaceae) is a common Ayurvedic herbal medicine used in the treatment of kidney-related diseases, in the forms of tea, medicated oil, medicated wine, etc., however, its nephroprotective mechanisms remain unexploited. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms by which the hexane (A-HE), ethyl acetate (A-EE), butanol (A-BE), and aqueous (A-WE) leaf extracts of Ambrette protect against the adriamycin-mediated acute kidney injury in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A-HE, A-EE, A-BE, A-WE, and fosinopril sodium were administered at therapeutically effective doses (55, 75, 60, 140, 0.09 mg/kg) to adriamycin-induced (5 mg/kg, ip) Wistar rats for 28 consecutive days. RESULTS Oral administration of the selected extracts of A. moschatus resulted in amelioration of kidney injury as observed by the significant changes of biomarkers of kidney function in serum and in urine, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, and inflammation in kidney homogenates (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of plant extracts caused a significant reduction in total kidney injury scores in H and E stained kidney sections (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical expression of the inflammatory marker, COX-2, and the pro-apoptotic marker, Bax, were attenuated and the expression of the anti-apoptotic marker, BCL-2, was increased. A-HE exerted superior nephroprotective effects over the other three extracts and the drug reference standard. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that Ambrette exerts promising protective effects against adriamycin-mediated acute kidney injury through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis pathways. A-HE might serve as a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic drug leads that will be beneficial in the treatment of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachinthi S Amarasiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
| | - Anoja P Attanayake
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lakmini K B Mudduwa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, J Reiter R, Mohammadi S, Heidar Z, Mirzamoradi M, Asemi Z. Melatonin as an adjuvant treatment modality with doxorubicin. Biochimie 2022; 202:49-55. [PMID: 35752222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy seems to be a beneficial choice for some cancer patients particularly when the drugs target different processes of oncogenesis; patients treated with combination therapies sometimes have a better prognosis than those treated with single drug chemotherapy. However, research has shown that this is not always the case, and this approach may only increase toxicity without having a significant effect in augmenting the antitumor actions of the drugs. Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs used to treat many types of cancer, but it also has serious side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, skin necrosis, testicular toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Many studies have examined the efficiacy of melatonin (MLT) as an anticancer agent. In fact, MLT is an anti-cancer agent that has various functions in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis. Herein, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the literature concerned with the role of MLT as an adjuvant in Dox-based chemotherapies and discuss how MLT may enhance the antitumor effects of Dox (e.g., by inducing apoptosis and suppressing metastasis) while rescuring other organs from its adverse effects, such as cardio- and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sotoudeh Mohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Heidar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Mirzamoradi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
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Wang H, Yu X, Xun Z, Wu Y. Aqueous Extract of Andrographis paniculata Ameliorates Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in vivo. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.466.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Abo-Golayel M, Fatani A, Baothman O, Shash L, Abuaraki H, Zeyadi M, Hosawi S, Altayb H. Hepatoprotective effect of date palm fruit extract against doxorubicin intoxication in Wistar rats: In vivo and in silico studies. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.350184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Patil C, Wagh S, Patil K, Mahajan U, Bagal P, Wadkar A, Bommanhalli B, Patil P, Goyal S, Ojha S. Phloretin-induced suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.338921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Protective effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e143. [PMID: 34881354 PMCID: PMC8647896 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The liver is one of the organs affected by doxorubicin toxicity. Therefore, in this study, the potential protective role of aqueous leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Methods: In order to achieve this, their impact on hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid and electrolytes’ profile, and plasma biomarkers of liver functions/integrity were monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. The animals were treated with either metformin (250 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days) or the extracts (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg orally for 14 days) and/or doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 48 h before sacrifice). Results: The hepatic malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium, and sodium concentrations, and plasma activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, as well as plasma albumin to globulin ratio of test control were significantly (P < .05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the plasma albumin, total protein, globulin, and total bilirubin concentrations; hepatic concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium, and potassium; and hepatic activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase of test control were significantly (P < .05) lower than those of all the other groups. Conclusions: Pretreatment with the extracts and metformin prevented to varying degrees, doxorubicin-induced hepatic damage, as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in hepatic biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid and electrolyte profiles, and plasma biomarkers of hepatic function/integrity, and keeping them at near-normal values.
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Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Todorovic V, Sobajic S, Mahajna J, Gerić M, Tur JA, Bartoszek A. Natural Products Counteracting Cardiotoxicity during Cancer Chemotherapy: The Special Case of Doxorubicin, a Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10037. [PMID: 34576204 PMCID: PMC8467966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a frequent undesirable phenomenon observed during oncological treatment that limits the therapeutic dose of antitumor drugs and thus may decrease the effectiveness of cancer eradication. Almost all antitumor drugs exhibit toxic properties towards cardiac muscle. One of the underlying causes of cardiotoxicity is the stimulation of oxidative stress by chemotherapy. This suggests that an appropriately designed diet or dietary supplements based on edible plants rich in antioxidants could decrease the toxicity of antitumor drugs and diminish the risk of cardiac failure. This comprehensive review compares the cardioprotective efficacy of edible plant extracts and foodborne phytochemicals whose beneficial activity was demonstrated in various models in vivo and in vitro. The studies selected for this review concentrated on a therapy frequently applied in cancer, anthracycline antibiotic-doxorubicin-as the oxidative stress- and cardiotoxicity-inducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Vanja Todorovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Sladjana Sobajic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands—IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Altinoz E, Oner Z, Elbe H, Uremis N, Uremis M. Linalool exhibits therapeutic and protective effects in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2024-2030. [PMID: 33682561 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1894751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of linalool against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced kidney injury. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups as follows; Control, DOX [20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip) single dose DOX], linalool (LIN50 and LIN100; 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively), DOX + LIN50 and DOX + LIN100 (20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on first day and 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip, respectively), LIN50 + DOX and LIN100 + DOX (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg linalool via ip for 5 days, respectively and 20 mg/kg single dose of DOX via ip on fifth day). Doxorubicin led to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels decreased remarkably when compared with control. On the other hand, LIN supplementation before and after DOX treatment led to a significant decrease in MDA and also increases in SOD, CAT and GSH levels. DOX caused significant increases in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in the plasma, while LIN supplementation as a therapeutic and preventive agent led to significant decreases in BUN and Cr levels. The current study demonstrated that LIN supplementation after or before DOX treatment can led to therapeutic and preventive effects against DOX-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Zulal Oner
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nuray Uremis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Uremis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Sadek KM, Mahmoud SFE, Zeweil MF, Abouzed TK. Proanthocyanidin alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by inhibiting NF-kB pathway and modulating oxidative stress, cell cycle, and fibrogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22716. [PMID: 33484087 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential mechanism(s) and the signaling pathway(s) underlying the prophylactic effect of proanthocyanidin extract (PE) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Control rats were orally administrated normal saline. Rats in the second group were orally administrated PE (50 mg/kg bw/once daily) for 4 weeks. Rats in the third group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (10 mg/kg on Days 3, 9, 15, and 21 of the experiment). Rats in the fourth group were injected with DOX and PE simultaneously for 4 weeks. DOX significantly augmented the levels of serum heart damage biomarkers. In addition, histopathology indicated that DOX-induced cardiac tissue injury upregulated the expression of fibrogenic factors, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF- β1), and p16INK4A . Downregulation of cell proliferation markers, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4), and retinoblastoma (Rb) was also observed. Furthermore, DOX-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress resulted in increased cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Decreased cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels and enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were observed. Treatment of DOX-induced rat cardiotoxicity with PE normalized serum parameters for the aforementioned parameters and alleviated cardiac tissue structure. Furthermore, reduced cardiac tissue α-SMA and TGF-β1, and increased CDK4 and Rb protein expression, along with the amelioration of oxidative and inflammatory effects were observed. PE attenuates DOX-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation possibly by attenuating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- kB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that PE may be useful as a preventative agent against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sahar F E Mahmoud
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Zeweil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Damanhour, Egypt
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15
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Ikewuchi CC, Ifeanacho MO, Ikewuchi JC. Moderation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e129. [PMID: 33884325 PMCID: PMC8055491 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major draw-back of doxorubicin's use in chemotherapy is its toxicity on various organs including the kidneys. This study investigated the potential protective role of aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. METHODS To this end, their impact on plasma biomarkers of kidney function, as well as renal lipid profile, biomarkers of oxidative stress, electrolyte profile and activities of renal ATPases was monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight, orally) and the extracts (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, orally) were daily administered for 14 days; while nephrotoxicity was induced with doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intra-peritioneally), once on the 12th day of study. RESULTS The plasma concentrations of creatinine, and urea; as well as the renal malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium and sodium concentrations in the Test control, were significantly (P < .05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the renal concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium and potassium, and the renal activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase superoxide dismutase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Test control were significantly (P < .05) lower than those of all the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with the extracts and metformin boosted endogenous antioxidants, and prevented doxorubicin-induced renal damage, as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced renal oxidative stress, as well as the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in renal cholesterol, ATPases and electrolyte balance, and plasma biomarkers of kidney function, and keeping them at near-normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercy O Ifeanacho
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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16
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Khan TH, Ganaie MA, Alharthy KM, Madkhali H, Jan BL, Sheikh IA. Naringenin prevents doxorubicin-induced toxicity in kidney tissues by regulating the oxidative and inflammatory insult in Wistar rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:300-307. [PMID: 30406686 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1529799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study is undertaken to investigate the effects of naringenin on doxorubicin- (Dox) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Dox 10 mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitoneally once and naringenin 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight was administered orally daily for 21 d. Dox-induced oxidative stress lead to steep elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), compared to control, treatment with naringenin preserved kidney functions. With Dox treatment significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes with increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to control was observed. Naringenin treatment reversed these values compared to Dox in kidney tissue. Dox treatment showed increased tissue nitric oxide levels naringenin treatment decreased nitric oxide (NO) in kidney tissue. Furthermore, Dox-induced inflammatory burst as indicated by up-regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) tissue levels and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2). All such events were normalised back to normal by naringenin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajdar Husain Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mofleh Alharthy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Madkhali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattan Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mounier NM, Abdel-Maged AES, Wahdan SA, Gad AM, Azab SS. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI): An overview of etiology and pathogenesis. Life Sci 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI): An overview of etiology and pathogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 258:118071. [PMID: 32673664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer patients treated with chemotherapy develop chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), often referred to as chemo-brain, which manifest during or post-treatment with variable degrees, onset and duration thereby affecting the patients' quality of life. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been studied to determine its possible association with cognitive impairment and to fully comprehend their contribution to CICI. A vast number of studies have emerged proposing several candidate underlying mechanisms and etiologies contributing to CICI such as direct neurotoxicity, BBB disruption, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, white matter abnormalities, secondary neuro-inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress; however, the exact underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. This review summarizes CICI associated with most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents with emphasizes the possible underlying pathogenesis in both animal and clinical studies.
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19
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Yu Q, Zhong X, Chen B, Feng Y, Ma M, Diamond CA, Voeller JS, Kim M, DeSantes KB, Capitini CM, Patel NJ, Hoover-Regan ML, Burke MJ, Janko K, Puccetti DM, Ikonomidou C, Li L. Isobaric Labeling Strategy Utilizing 4-Plex N, N-Dimethyl Leucine (DiLeu) Tags Reveals Proteomic Changes Induced by Chemotherapy in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2606-2616. [PMID: 32396724 PMCID: PMC7334086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry for protein identification and quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is at the forefront of research efforts to identify and explore biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of neurologic disorders. Here we implemented a 4-plex N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) isobaric labeling strategy in a longitudinal study aiming to investigate protein dynamics in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) undergoing chemotherapy. The temporal profile of CSF proteome during chemotherapy treatment at weeks 5, 10-14, and 24-28 highlighted many differentially expressed proteins, such as neural cell adhesion molecule, neuronal growth regulator 1, and secretogranin-3, all of which play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases. A total of 63 proteins were significantly altered across all of the time points investigated. The most over-represented biological processes from gene ontology analysis included platelet degranulation, complement activation, cell adhesion, fibrinolysis, neuron projection, regeneration, and regulation of neuron death. We expect that results from this and future studies will provide a means to monitor neurotoxicity and develop strategies to prevent central nervous system injury in response to chemotherapy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bingming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Carol A. Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julie S. Voeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Miriam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kenneth B. DeSantes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neha J. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Margo L. Hoover-Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michael J. Burke
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Pediatric Leukemia & Lymphoma Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kimberly Janko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Diane M. Puccetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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20
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Chu X, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Li Z, Shi J, Wang H, Chu L. Crocin protects against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin through TLR-2/NF-κB signal pathway in vivo and vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106548. [PMID: 32388215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used to treat multiple of tumors, but its clinical trials are allied with some serious adverse events mainly cardiac functional abnormalities. So the objective of our investigation is to identify the cardioprotective action of crocin (CRO), a natural compound derived from saffron, against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. CRO was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats for sixconsecutive days and DOX (i.p.) was administered on the fourth day. H9c2 cells were treated with DOX for 24 h after being pre-treated by CRO for 2 h. CROreduced tachycardiaand J-point elevation,decreased the levelsof serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase.CRO exerted positive effect on DOX-induced ROS productionand changes of oxidative stress biomarkers. CRO significantlydecreased intracellular Ca2+ concentration andincreased mitochondria membrane potentialin H9c2 cells. CRO also resisted the DOX-induced high expressionof tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6, inhibitedapoptosisand improved the abnormal expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 proteins.CRO obviously restrained DOX-mediatedhigh expression of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in ventricular tissue. Inbrief,CRO distinctly restrained DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptoticandredressingcardiomyocyte calcium dyshomeostasis and mitochondria damage.These cardioprotective effects may berelated closely with the TLR2/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yucong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Ziliang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Shi
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Hongfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
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21
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Prša P, Karademir B, Biçim G, Mahmoud H, Dahan I, Yalçın AS, Mahajna J, Milisav I. The potential use of natural products to negate hepatic, renal and neuronal toxicity induced by cancer therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Al-Taee H, Azimullah S, Meeran MN, Alaraj Almheiri MK, Al Jasmi RA, Tariq S, AB Khan M, Adeghate E, Ojha S. β-caryophyllene, a dietary phytocannabinoid attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and prevents structural alterations of the myocardium against doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats: An in vitro and in vivo study. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin–induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-Raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108777. [PMID: 31376360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicorandil ameliorated doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity; this study aimed to show and explain the mechanism of this protection. A precise method was elucidated to study the effect of nicorandil on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats depending on the critical inflammation pathway TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B. Adult male rats were subdivided into four groups. The 1st group was normal control, the 2nd group received nicorandil (3 mg/kg; p.o., for 4 weeks), the 3rd group received doxorubicin (2.6 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 4 weeks), and the fourth group was combination of doxorubicin and nicorandil for 4 weeks. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by biochemical tests through measuring Kidney function biomarkers such as [serum levels of urea, creatinine, albumin and total protein] besides renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and cystatin C], oxidative stress parameters such as [renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), SOD, catalase and nrf-2], mediators of inflammation such as [Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), p38 MAPK, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] and markers of apoptosis [BAX and Bcl-2 in renal tissue]. Finally, our data were supported by histopathology examination. Nicorandil pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in nephrotoxicity biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators and prevented apoptosis through decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 in renal tissues. Nicorandil prevented all the histological alterations caused by doxorubicin. Nicorandil is a promising antidote against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by neutralizing all toxicity mechanisms caused by doxorubicin through normalizing inflammatory cascade of TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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25
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Köse E, Oğuz F, Vardi N, Ediz Sarihan M, Beytur A, Yücel A, Polat A, Eki Nci N. Therapeutic and protective effects of montelukast against doxorubicin-induced acute kidney damage in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:407-411. [PMID: 31168345 PMCID: PMC6535195 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.33493.7996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of montelukast (ML) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced acute kidney damage in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: Group I: Control; Group II: Control+ML; Group III: DOX; Group IV: DOX+ML; Group V: ML+DOX. At the end of the experiment, the kidney tissues of rats were collected. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels were determined from the kidney tissues. In addition, the kidney tissues were examined histologically. Results: DOX induced a significant increase in the kidney TBARS levels, whereas SOD contents significantly decreased when compared with the control group. On the other hand, ML administration before and after DOX injection caused significant decreases in TBARS production and also increases in SOD levels. Histologically, the most remarkable damage was glomerulosclerosis and tubular changes in the DOX group. Moreover, marked tubular necrosis and swelling in tubular epithelial cells were observed in this group. Contrarily, although glomerulosclerosis was recognized as alleviated also in both DOX+ML and ML+DOX groups, the lesions did not completely ameliorate. However, treatment with ML after DOX injection was more effective than treatment with ML before DOX injection with respect to the protection of tubular structures. Conclusion: It was determined that ML treatment after DOX injection caused therapeutic effects against DOX-induced kidney damage. Thence, ML treatment is of some clinical properties for oxidative stress damage in kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Köse
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oğuz
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ediz Sarihan
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ali Beytur
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aytaç Yücel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Alaadin Polat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nihat Eki Nci
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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26
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Kuzu M, Yıldırım S, Kandemir FM, Küçükler S, Çağlayan C, Türk E, Dörtbudak MB. Protective effect of morin on doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:89-100. [PMID: 31100273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widespread drug used in the treatment of cancer, its clinical use is restricted due to its common side effects. In addition, administrating DOX with an antioxidant has recently become a new strategy in preventing the side effects of DOX. The protective effects of morin, a natural flavonoid, against DOX-induced liver and kidney damage in rats were investigated biochemically, immunohistochemically and histopathologically in this study. The experimental procedure was planned as 10 days, and 5 groups consisting of seven rats were formed. Morin was given orally to rats at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 10 days and DOX was given a single dose of 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 8. In order to determine the protective effect of morin against oxidative stress caused by DOX, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were measured in liver and kidney tissues. Liver and kidney tissue damage were determined both histopathologically and by serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea and creatinine analysis. In order to determine the effect of DOX-induced inflammation and against the effect of morin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels were determined in both tissues. Liver and kidney B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) levels were determined biochemically. In addition, Bax expression in liver tissue and aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and nephrin expression in renal tissue were determined immunohistochemically. It was determined that oxidative damage caused by DOX decreased and improvement of liver and kidney function markers were observed in the groups that were treated with morin. In addition, pre-treatment of morin showed a regulatory effect on TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB levels. It prevented the increase in DOX-induced Bax expression and decrease in Bcl-2 level, AQP-2 and nephrin expression. Histopathological examination revealed that it prevented tissue damage in liver and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Kuzu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Letter, İbrahim Çeçen University of Ağrı, Ağrı, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Çağlayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Türk
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Benzer F, Kandemir FM, Kucukler S, Comaklı S, Caglayan C. Chemoprotective effects of curcumin on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats: by modulating inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:448-457. [PMID: 29302997 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1422766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agent. However, nephrotoxicity reduces its clinical utility in humans. The aim of the study was to investigate protective effects of curcumin (CMN) against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were subjected to oral treatment of CMN (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Nephrotoxicity was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of DXR (40 mg/kg body weight) on the fifth day and then the experiment was terminated on the eighth day. Nephroprotective effects of CMN were associated with decrease in serum toxicity markers and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. CMN was able to reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2 in the rats. It also reduced the expressions of apoptotic marker including caspase-3, and oxidative DNA damage marker including 8-OHdG. Collectively, these findings indicated that CMN protect against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Benzer
- a Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Munzur University , Tunceli , Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Selim Comaklı
- c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Bingol University , Bingol , Turkey
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28
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Abstract
Survival rates of children with cancer are steadily increasing. This urges our attention to neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes, as these can markedly influence the quality of life of these children. Neurobehavioral morbidity in childhood cancer survivors affects diverse aspects of cognitive function, which can include attention, memory, processing speed, intellect, academic achievement, and emotional health. Reasons for neurobehavioral morbidity are multiple with one major contributor being chemotherapy-induced central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Clinical studies investigating the effects of chemotherapy on the CNS in children with cancer have reported causative associations with the development of leukoencephalopathies as well as smaller regional grey and white matter volumes, which have been found to correlate with neurocognitive deficits.Preclinical work has provided compelling evidence that chemotherapy drugs are potent neuro- and gliotoxins in vitro and in vivo and can cause brain injury via excitotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms. Furthermore, chemotherapy triggers DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage directly or through increased oxidative stress. It can shorten telomeres and accelerate cell aging, cause cytokine deregulation, inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduce brain vascularization and blood flow. These mechanisms, when allowed to operate on the developing brain of a child, have high potential to not only cause brain injury, but also alter crucial developmental events, such as myelination, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, cortical thinning, and formation of neuronal networks.This short review summarizes key publications describing neurotoxicity of chemotherapy in pediatric cancers and potential underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, Section of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Ma T, Kandhare AD, Mukherjee-Kandhare AA, Bodhankar SL. Fisetin, a plant flavonoid ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats: the decisive role of caspase-3, COX-II, cTn-I, iNOs and TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:105-118. [PMID: 30362071 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anthracycline antibiotic for the management of carcinoma. However, it is associated with cardiotoxicity. Fisetin is a plant flavonoid reported to have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic potential. To evaluate the cardioprotective potential of fisetin in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with either fisetin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) or sitagliptin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days. Cardiac toxicity was induced in rats (except the normal group) by doxorubicin (15 mg/kg i.p.) on 8th day. Various behavioral, biochemical, molecular and histological parameters were assessed in cardiac tissue. DOX-induced alterations in electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and left ventricular function were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by fisetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment. Fisetin significantly decrease (p < 0.05) DOX-induced elevated serum CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP levels. DOX-induced elevated cardiac oxido-nitrosative (SOD, GSH, MDA and NO) was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) by fisetin. Up-regulated cardiac caspase-3, COX-II, cTn-I, iNOs, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA, as well as protein expressions were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by fisetin treatment. It also significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated DOX-induced histopathological alterations in cardiac tissue. In conclusion, the fisetin exerts its cardioprotective potential against DOX-induced toxicity via inhibition of multiple pathways including oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, MDA and NO), inflammation (COX-II, TNF-α, and IL-1β), and apoptosis (Caspase-3). Therefore, fisetin can be considered as a potential cardioprotective agent during the management of carcinoma using doxorubicin anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Anwesha A Mukherjee-Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
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Haghi-Aminjan H, Farhood B, Rahimifard M, Didari T, Baeeri M, Hassani S, Hosseini R, Abdollahi M. The protective role of melatonin in chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity: a systematic review of non-clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:937-950. [PMID: 30118646 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1513492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity at the preclinical level. Areas to be covered: To illuminate the possible role of melatonin in preventing chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. A comprehensive search strategy was developed to include PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases from their inception to May 2018. Based on a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 non-clinical articles were ultimately included in the study. Expert opinion: Our findings clearly demonstrate that melatonin has a protective role in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity which may be caused by different chemotherapy agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, oxaliplatin, etoposide, and daunorubicin. On the basis of current review of non-clinical studies, this protective effect of melatonin is attributed to different mechanisms such as reduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. The findings presented in this review are based on non-clinical studies and thus conducting appropriate clinical trials to evaluate the real effectiveness of the concurrent use of chemotherapy agents with melatonin in the cancer patients is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- b Departmentof Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tina Didari
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rohollah Hosseini
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- c Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Study of melatonin-mediated effects on various hepatic inflammatory responses stimulated by IL-6 in a new HepG2-on-a-chip platform. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mohajeri M, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity and resistance: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 122:30-51. [PMID: 29458788 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity and resistance are major obstacles in chemotherapeutic approaches. Despite effective in the treatment of numerous malignancies, some clinicians have voiced concern that DOX has the potential to cause debilitating consequences in organ tissues, especially the heart. The mechanisms of toxicity and resistance are respectively related to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Curcumin (CUR) with several biological and pharmacological properties is expected to restore DOX-mediated impairments to tissues. This review is intended to address the current knowledge on DOX adverse effects and CUR protective actions in the heart, kidneys, liver, brain, and reproductive organs. Coadministration of CUR and DOX is capable of ameliorating DOX toxicity pertained to antioxidant, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mortezaee K, Khanlarkhani N. Melatonin application in targeting oxidative‐induced liver injuries: A review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4015-4032. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Sutken E, Aral E, Ozdemir F, Uslu S, Alatas O, Colak O. Protective Role of Melatonin and Coenzyme Q10 in Ochratoxin A Toxicity in Rat Liver and Kidney. Int J Toxicol 2017; 26:81-7. [PMID: 17365150 DOI: 10.1080/10915810601122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) both display antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, the effect of MEL and CoQ10 on the oxidative stress and fibrosis induced by ochratoxin A (OTA) administration in rats was investigated. Rats were divided into five equal groups, each consisting of seven rats: (1) controls; (2) OTA-treated rats (289 μg/kg/day); (3) OTA+MEL–treated rats (289 μg/kg/day OTA + 10 mg/kg/day MEL); and (4) OTA+CoQ10–treated rats (289 μg/kg/day OTA +1 mg/100 g/day body weight (bw) CoQ10). After 4 weeks of treatment, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were measured in the homogenates of liver and kidney. In the OTA-treated group, the levels of MDA and Hyp in both liver and kidney were significantly increased when compared with the levels of control, whereas GPx activities decreased. In OTA+MEL–treated rats, the levels of MDA and Hyp in both liver and kidney were significantly decreased when compared with the levels of OTA-treated rats; however; GPX activities increased. In the OTA+CoQ10–treated group, the levels of MDA and Hyp were decreased when compared with the levels of OTA-treated rats, whereas GPx activities increased. In the OTA+CoQ 10–treated group, the levels of MDA, Hyp, and GPx were not significantly changed in kidney when compared with OTA-treated group. MEL has a protective effect against OTA toxicity through an inhibition of the oxidative damage and fibrosis both liver and kidney. Although CoQ10 has protective effect against OTA toxicity in liver tissue, it has no effect in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Sutken
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Allicin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:745-753. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Qin L, Yang SF, Xu K. Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E843. [PMID: 28420185 PMCID: PMC5412427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio A Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan, Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Dalbergioidin Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Renal Fibrosis by Suppressing the TGF- β Signal Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5147571. [PMID: 28100935 PMCID: PMC5214096 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5147571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Dalbergioidin (DAL), a well-known natural product extracted from Uraria crinita, on doxorubicin- (DXR-) induced renal fibrosis in mice. The mice were pretreated for 7 days with DAL followed by a single injection of DXR (10 mg/kg) via the tail vein. Renal function was analyzed 5 weeks after DXR treatment. DXR caused nephrotoxicity. The symptoms of nephrotic syndrome were greatly improved after DAL treatment. The indices of renal fibrosis, the phosphorylation of Smad3, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen III (Col III), E-cadherin, TGF-β, and Smad7 in response to DXR were all similarly modified by DAL. The present findings suggest that DAL improved the markers for kidney damage investigated in this model of DXR-induced experimental nephrotoxicity.
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38
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Vercruysse DCM, Deprez S, Sunaert S, Van Calsteren K, Amant F. Effects of prenatal exposure to cancer treatment on neurocognitive development, a review. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:11-21. [PMID: 26952827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence of cancer during pregnancy, the need to better understand long-term outcome after prenatal exposure to chemo- and/or radiotherapy has become more urgent. This manuscript focuses on the neurocognitive development after prenatal exposure to cancer treatment. We will review possible pathways for brain damage that could explain the subtle changes in neurocognition and behavior found after in utero exposure to cancer treatment. Contrary to radiation, which has a direct effect on the developing nervous system, chemotherapy has to pass the placental and blood brain barrier to reach the fetal brain. However, there are also indirect effects such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the cancer itself and its treatment, e.g., poor maternal nutrition and high maternal stress, as well as prematurity, can be related to cognitive impairment. Although the available evidence suggests that cancer treatment can be administered during pregnancy without jeopardizing the fetal chances, larger numbers and longer follow up of these children are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée C-M Vercruysse
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Deprez
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Amant
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Melatonin’s role in preventing toxin-related and sepsis-mediated hepatic damage: A review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Effect of hesperidin on mice bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma maintained on doxorubicin. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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41
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Aziriova S, Repova Bednarova K, Krajcirovicova K, Hrenak J, Rajkovicova R, Arendasova K, Kamodyova N, Celec P, Zorad S, Adamcova M, Paulis L, Simko F. Doxorubicin-induced behavioral disturbances in rats: Protective effect of melatonin and captopril. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:284-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hrenák J, Arendášová K, Rajkovičová R, Aziriová S, Repová K, Krajčírovičová K, Celec P, Kamodyová N, Bárta A, Adamcová M, Paulis L, Simko F. Protective effect of captopril, olmesartan, melatonin and compound 21 on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Physiol Res 2014; 62:S181-9. [PMID: 24329698 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a serious public health problem with increasing prevalence and novel approaches to renal protection are continuously under investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of melatonin and angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21 (C21) to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan on animal model of doxorubicin nephrotoxicity. Six groups of 3-month-old male Wistar rats (12 per group) were treated for four weeks. The first group served as a control. The remaining groups were injected with a single dose of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg i.v.) at the same day as administration of either vehicle or captopril (100 mg/kg/day) or olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) or C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day) was initiated. After four week treatment, the blood pressure and the level of oxidative stress were enhanced along with reduced glomerular density and increased glomerular size. Captopril, olmesartan and melatonin prevented the doxorubicin-induced increase in systolic blood pressure. All four substances significantly diminished the level of oxidative burden and prevented the reduction of glomerular density and modestly prevented the increase of glomerular size. We conclude that captopril, olmesartan, melatonin and C21 exerted a similar level of renoprotective effects in doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hrenák
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction: current animal studies and future directions. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 7:453-9. [PMID: 23949877 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a potential long-term side effect of adjuvant chemotherapy that can have a major impact on the quality of life of cancer survivors. There is a growing number of preclinical studies addressing this issue, thereby extending our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances and important findings presented in these studies. Emerging challenges, such as the development of neuroprotective strategies, and the role of the blood-brain barrier on cognitive impairment will be described and future directions in this field of investigation will be outlined.
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Osthole attenuates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:156848. [PMID: 25013759 PMCID: PMC4075090 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent, broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug used for treatment of several types of cancers. Despite its effectiveness, it has a wide range of toxic side effects, many of which most likely result from its inherent prooxidant activity. It has been reported that DOX has toxic effects on normal tissues, including brain tissue. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of osthole isolated from Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by DOX in PC12 as a neuronal model cell line. PC12 cells were pretreated with osthole 2 h after treatment with different concentrations of DOX. 24 h later, the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activity of caspase-3, the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the generation of intracellular ROS were detected. We found that pretreatment with osthole on PC12 cells significantly reduced the loss of cell viability, the activity of caspase-3, the increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the generation of intracellular ROS induced by DOX. Moreover, pretreatment with osthole led to an increase in MMP in PC12 cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that pretreatment with nontoxic concentrations of osthole protected PC12 cells from DOX-mediated apoptosis by inhibition of ROS production.
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Rashid S, Ali N, Nafees S, Ahmad ST, Arjumand W, Hasan SK, Sultana S. Alleviation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity by chrysin in Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:337-45. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.759306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Ferreira SG, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Takahashi-Hyodo SA, Rodrigues AC, Amaral FG, Berra CM, Bordin S, Curi R, Cipolla-Neto J. Effects of melatonin on DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:278-86. [PMID: 23471360 PMCID: PMC3854377 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of melatonin have been well
described in the literature. In this study, our objective was to determine the
protective effect of the pineal gland hormone against the DNA damage induced by
cyclophosphamide (CP), an anti-tumor agent that is widely applied in clinical
practice. DNA damage was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection
of CP (20 or 50 mg/kg). Animals received melatonin during the dark period for 15
days (1 mg/kg in the drinking water). Rat bone marrow cells were used for the
determination of chromosomal aberrations and of formamidopyrimidine DNA
glycosylase enzyme (Fpg)-sensitive sites by the comet technique and of
Xpf mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. The number (mean ± SE) of
chromosomal aberrations in pinealectomized (PINX) animals treated with melatonin
and CP (2.50 ± 0.50/100 cells) was lower than that obtained for PINX animals
injected with CP (12 ± 1.8/100 cells), thus showing a reduction of 85.8% in the
number of chromosomal aberrations. This melatonin-mediated protection was also
observed when oxidative lesions were analyzed by the Fpg-sensitive assay, both
24 and 48 h after CP administration. The expression of Xpf
mRNA, which is involved in the DNA nucleotide excision repair machinery, was
up-regulated by melatonin. The results indicate that melatonin is able to
protect bone marrow cells by completely blocking CP-induced chromosome
aberrations. Therefore, melatonin administration could be an alternative and
effective treatment during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Carbajo-Pescador S, Steinmetz C, Kashyap A, Lorenz S, Mauriz JL, Heise M, Galle PR, González-Gallego J, Strand S. Melatonin induces transcriptional regulation of Bim by FoxO3a in HepG2 cells. Br J Cancer 2012; 108:442-9. [PMID: 23257900 PMCID: PMC3566813 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melatonin induces apoptosis in many different cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, the responsible pathways have not been clearly elucidated. A member of the forkhead transcription factors' family, FoxO3a, has been implicated in the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim (a Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death). In this study, we used human HepG2 liver cancer cells as an in vitro model to investigate whether melatonin treatment induces Bim through regulation by the transcription factor FoxO3a. Methods: Cytotoxicity of melatonin was compared in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Proapoptotic Bim expression was analysed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyse whether FoxO3a transactivates the Bim promoter. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study the role of FoxO3a in Bim expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to analyse FoxO3a localisation in HepG2 cells. Results: Melatonin treatment induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, but not in primary human hepatocytes. The proapoptotic effect was mediated by increased expression of the BH3-only protein Bim. During melatonin treatment, we observed increased transcriptional activity of the forkhead-responsive element and could demonstrate that FoxO3a binds to a specific sequence within the Bim promoter. Furthermore, melatonin reduced phosphorylation of FoxO3a at Thr32 and Ser253, and induced its increased nuclear localisation. Moreover, silencing experiments with FoxO3a siRNA prevented Bim upregulation. Conclusion: This study shows that melatonin can induce apoptosis in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells through the upregulation of proapoptotic Bim mediated by nuclear translocation and activation of the transcription factor FoxO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carbajo-Pescador
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
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Hayward R, Hydock D, Gibson N, Greufe S, Bredahl E, Parry T. Tissue retention of doxorubicin and its effects on cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle function. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:177-87. [PMID: 22890792 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue is a pervasive syndrome experienced by a majority of cancer patients undergoing treatment, and muscular dysfunction may be a key component in the development and progression of this syndrome. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of DOX exposure on the function of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissues and examine the role accumulation of DOX may play in this process. In these studies, rats were treated with DOX and measurements of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle function were assessed 1, 3, and 5 days after exposure. All muscular tissues showed significant and severe dysfunction, yet there was heterogeneity both in the time course of dysfunction and in the accumulation of DOX. Cardiac and skeletal muscle exhibited a time-dependent progressive decline in function during the 5 days following DOX treatment. In contrast, vascular function showed a decline in function that could be characterized as rapid onset and was sustained for the duration of the 5-day observation period. DOX accumulation was greatest in cardiac tissue, yet all muscular tissues showed a similar degree of dysfunction. Our data suggest that in muscular tissues both DOX-dependent and DOX-independent mechanisms may be involved with the muscular dysfunction observed following DOX treatment. Furthermore, this study highlights the fact that dysfunction of skeletal and smooth muscle may be an underappreciated aspect of DOX toxicity and may be a key component of cancer-related fatigue in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Hayward
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA.
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Pal S, Ahir M, Sil PC. Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity is attenuated by a 43-kD protein from the leaves ofCajanus indicusL. via NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:785-98. [PMID: 22448708 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.678841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Barbosa LC, Dias de Morais M, de Paula CA, da Silva Ferreira MC, Jordao AA, Andrade e Silva ML, Kenupp Bastos J, da Silva Filho AA, de Oliveira Cecchi A. Mikania glomerata Sprengel (Asteraceae) influences the mutagenicity induced by doxorubicin without altering liver lipid peroxidation or antioxidant levels. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:1102-1109. [PMID: 22852859 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.697842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As shown in numerous studies, natural compounds may exert adverse effects, mainly when associated with some drugs. The hydroalcoholic extract of Mikania glomerata is the pharmaceutical form present in commercially available syrup used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in popular Brazilian medicine. The objective of the present investigation was (1) to evaluate the preventive effects of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of M. glomerata (MEx) against antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DXR)-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in a subchronic assay in mice, and (2) to determine the liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E (VE). Male Swiss mice were treated for 30 d with MEx added to drinking water, combined or not with DXR (90 mg/kg body weight) injected intraperitoneally (ip) 24 h before analysis. The results demonstrated that MEx produced no genotoxic damage, but significantly increased the frequency of MNPCE induced by DXR, indicating a drug-drug interaction. This rise was not accompanied by lipid peroxidation or antioxidants level reduction, as measured by MDA, GSH, and VE. Despite the presence of coumarin (a known antioxidant), MEx may exert adverse effects probably in association with mutagenic compounds, although this effect on DNA damage did not involve oxidative stress.
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