Myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori positive and negative pediatric patients

SHP2/SPI1axis promotes glycolysis and the inflammatory response of macrophages in Helicobacter pylori-induced pediatric gastritis

BACKGROUND

Macrophages, as innate immune cells, were reported to participate in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis. However, the role and mechanism of macrophage dysfunction in H. pylori-associated pediatric gastritis remain unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An RNA-sequencing assay was used to examine the differential gene expression in normal gastric antrum, non-H. pylori-infected tissue, and H. pylori-infected pediatric gastritis tissue. qPCR assays were applied to verify the expression of target genes. HE staining was performed to identify the occurrence of inflammation in the normal gastric antrum, non-H. pylori-infected tissue, and H. pylori-infected pediatric gastritis tissue. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of SHP2 in pediatric gastritis tissue. The metabolic profile of macrophages was determined via Seahorse metabolic analysis. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

RESULTS

We found that H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue exhibited many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to gastritis tissue without H. pylori infection. Moreover, H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue showed many DEGs annotated with an overactive immune response. We identified that tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11), which encodes SHP2, was significantly increased in macrophages of H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue. Furthermore, we revealed that SHP2 could activate the glycolytic function of macrophages to promote H. pylori -induced inflammation. The transcription factor SPI1 , as the downstream molecule of SHP2, could be responsible for the regulation of metabolism-associated gene expression and inflammation.

CONCLUSION

Our study illustrated the molecular landscape of H. pylori-infected gastritis tissue in children and suggested that the SHP2/SPI1axis could be a novel therapeutic target in H. pylori-induced pediatric gastritis.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity: development and prospects

Signaling pathways regulating redox reactions are activated to balance the redox status and maintain the normal function of cells.

Saccharomyces Boulardii in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Children: A Randomized Trial From Iran

Background:

Helicobacter pylori infects around 50% of the human population and is asymptomatic in 70% of the cases. H. pylori eradication in childhood will not only result in peptic symptoms relief, but will also prevent late-term complications such as cancer. Today, probiotics are being increasingly studied in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections as an alternative or complement to antibiotics.

Objectives:

In this study we aimed to assess the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on H. pylori eradication among children in our region.

Patients and Methods:

In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 28 asymptomatic primary school children with a positive H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) exam were randomly allocated into the study group, receiving Saccharomyces boulardii, and the control group receiving placebo capsules matched by shape and size, for one month. The children were followed up weekly and were reinvestigated four to eight weeks after accomplished treatment by HpSA testing. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

24 children completed the study. The mean HpSA reduced from 0.40 ± 0.32 to 0.21 ± 0.27 in the study group, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.005). However, such difference was not observed in the control group (P = 0.89). Moreover, the HpSA titer showed a 0.019 ± 0.19 decrease in the study group whereas the same value was 0.0048 ± 0.12 for the controls, again stating a significant difference (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Saccharomyces boulardii has a positive effect on reducing the colonization of H. pylori in the human gastrointestinal system but is not capable of its eradication when used as single therapy.

Saccharomyces Boulardii in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Children: A Randomized Trial From Iran

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori infects around 50% of the human population and is asymptomatic in 70% of the cases. H. pylori eradication in childhood will not only result in peptic symptoms relief, but will also prevent late-term complications such as cancer. Today, probiotics are being increasingly studied in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections as an alternative or complement to antibiotics.

OBJECTIVES

In this study we aimed to assess the effect of S. boulardii supplementation on H. pylori eradication among children in our region.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 28 asymptomatic primary school children with a positive H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) exam were randomly allocated into the study group, receiving Saccharomyces boulardii, and the control group receiving placebo capsules matched by shape and size, for one month. The children were followed up weekly and were reinvestigated four to eight weeks after accomplished treatment by HpSA testing. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

24 children completed the study. The mean HpSA reduced from 0.40 ± 0.32 to 0.21 ± 0.27 in the study group, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.005). However, such difference was not observed in the control group (P = 0.89). Moreover, the HpSA titer showed a 0.019 ± 0.19 decrease in the study group whereas the same value was 0.0048 ± 0.12 for the controls, again stating a significant difference (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Saccharomyces boulardii has a positive effect on reducing the colonization of H. pylori in the human gastrointestinal system but is not capable of its eradication when used as single therapy.

The effects of probiotics on treatment of Helicobacter pylori eradication in children

Objectives:

To investigate the eradication rates and side effects of probiotics added in standard triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

Methods:

A prospective open study was performed in the outpatient clinics of the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey between March 2012 and May 2013. Sixty-one symptomatic children (range 7-18 years) with H. pylori infection were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 received standard triple therapy (lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for 14 days), group 2 received the standard triple therapy plus probiotics (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis). Side effects of the drugs were recorded. The 14C-urea breath test was performed for 6 weeks after discontinuation of the therapy.

Results:

Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 61 of 95 (64.2%) children. Fifty-six patients (38 girls and 18 boys) completed the study. Their mean age was 13.9 ± 2.7 years. Helicobacter pylori eradication rate was 68.9% in group 1, and 66.6% in group 2 (p=0.78). No statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of side effects.

Conclusion:

We found no evidence in terms of eradication of H. pylori, or impact on adverse effects obtained after the addition of probiotics to standard treatment. Larger randomized controlled investigations are needed to clearly understand the effects of probiotics on H. pylori eradication.

The effect on serum myeloperoxidase activity and oxidative status of eradication treatment in patients Helicobacter pylori infected

OBJECTIVES

Myeloperoxidase activity has been investigated after eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in infected patients in previous studies but the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate effect on serum myeloperoxidase activity and oxidative status of eradication treatment in H. pylori-infected patients.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 H. pylori infected patients. Serum myeloperoxidase activity was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Oxidative status was determined using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) measurement and calculation of oxidative stress index (OSI).

RESULTS

After 2 weeks of the eradication treatment, serum myeloperoxidase activity, TOS and OSI values were significantly lower (all; p<0.001), while TAC was significantly higher (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that eradication treatment in H. pylori-infected patients may affect both oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase activity which is an important biomarker in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

A study of oxidative stress parameters in anti-helicobacter pylorus immunoglobulin g positive and negative gastric cancer patients

PURPOSE

Helicobacter pylorus (HP) is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped microaerophilic bacterium, which colonizes in the gastric mucosa of humans. The gastric human pathogen HP causes chronic gastritis and ulcers, and has a strong relationship with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) in two groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

For this aim, one group included 30 patients with gastric cancer (Group 1) and the other included 30 subjects with non-gastric cancer and Anti-HP immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody positive (group 2). Anti-HP IgG antibody test values were found as positive in fifty percent of group 1 and all of the group 2 patients.

RESULTS

Significantly increased AOOP levels were found in group 1 (p < 0.05) compared to group 2. There were no significant differences between the groups in regard to activities of MPO and CAT. In addition, AOPP level, MPO and CAT activities were similar among the Anti-HP IgG positive and negative subgroups of group 1 patients.

CONCLUSION

The result of this study indicated that gastric cancer patients were characterized by increased protein oxidation, whereas there was no significant difference in oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity between the Anti-HP IgG positive and negative gastric cancer patients.