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Bartoszewska E, Molik K, Woźniak M, Choromańska A. Telomerase Inhibition in the Treatment of Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:427. [PMID: 38671875 PMCID: PMC11047729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation blockage of myeloid or lymphoid precursor cells, presents significant therapeutic challenges despite current treatment modalities like chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Pursuing novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target leukemic cells is critical for improving patient outcomes. Natural products offer a promising avenue for developing effective chemotherapy and preventive measures against leukemia, providing a rich source of biologically active compounds. Telomerase, a key enzyme involved in chromosome stabilization and mainly active in cancer cells, presents an attractive target for intervention. In this review article, we focus on the anti-leukemic potential of natural substances, emphasizing vitamins (such as A, D, and E) and polyphenols (including curcumin and indole-3-carbinol), which, in combination with telomerase inhibition, demonstrate reduced cytotoxicity compared to conventional chemotherapies. We discuss the role of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), particularly its mRNA expression, as a potential therapeutic target, highlighting the promise of natural compounds in leukemia treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Bartoszewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Klaudia Molik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Ali JH, Walter M. Combining old and new concepts in targeting telomerase for cancer therapy: transient, immediate, complete and combinatory attack (TICCA). Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37679807 PMCID: PMC10483736 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase can overcome replicative senescence by elongation of telomeres but is also a specific element in most cancer cells. It is expressed more vastly than any other tumor marker. Telomerase as a tumor target inducing replicative immortality can be overcome by only one other mechanism: alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). This limits the probability to develop resistance to treatments. Moreover, telomerase inhibition offers some degree of specificity with a low risk of toxicity in normal cells. Nevertheless, only one telomerase antagonist reached late preclinical studies. The underlying causes, the pitfalls of telomerase-based therapies, and future chances based on recent technical advancements are summarized in this review. Based on new findings and approaches, we propose a concept how long-term survival in telomerase-based cancer therapies can be significantly improved: the TICCA (Transient Immediate Complete and Combinatory Attack) strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Haj Ali
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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3
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Curcumin-loaded alginate hydrogels for cancer therapy and wound healing applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123283. [PMID: 36657541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile platform for a numerous biomedical application due to their ability to absorb a huge quantity of biofluids. In order to design hydrogels, natural polymers are an attractive option owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to abundance in occurrence, cost effectiveness, and facile crosslinking approaches, alginate has been extensively investigated to fabricate hydrogel matrix. Management of cancer and chronic wounds have always been a challenge for pharmaceutical and healthcare sector. In both cases, curcumin have been shown significant improvement and effectiveness. However, the innate restraints like poor bioavailability, hydrophobicity, and rapid systemic clearance associated with curcumin have restricted its clinical translations. The current review explores the cascade of research around curcumin encapsulated alginate hydrogel matrix for wound healing and cancer therapy. The focus of the review is to emphasize the mechanistic effects of curcumin with its fate inside the cells. Further, the review discusses different approaches to designed curcumin loaded alginate hydrogels along with the parameters that regulates their release behavior. Finally, the review is concluded with emphasize on some key aspect on increasing the efficacy of these hydrogels along with novel strategies to further develop curcumin loaded alginate hydrogel matrix with multifacet applications.
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4
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Farnood PR, Pazhooh RD, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Targeting Signaling Pathway by Curcumin in Osteosarcoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:71-82. [PMID: 35400349 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220408104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent primary bone malignancy among children and adolescents is osteosarcoma. The high mortality rate of osteosarcoma is due to lung metastasis. Despite the development of multi-agent chemotherapy and surgical resection, patients with osteosarcoma have a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic agents to improve the 5-year survival rate of these patients. Curcumin, a phytochemical compound derived from Curcuma longa, has been employed in treating several types of cancers through various mechanisms. Also, in vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Development in identifying signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma has provided insight into finding new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this cancer. Targeting MAPK/ERK, PI3k/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and MircoRNA by curcumin has been evaluated to improve outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma. Although curcumin is a potent anti-cancer compound, it has rarely been studied in clinical settings due to its congenital properties such as hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability. In this review, we recapitulate and describe the effect of curcumin in regulating signaling pathways involved in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Gene-Expression Profiles in the Dorsal Gland of Alligator sinensis at Different Time Points of Embryonic and Neonatal Development. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111787. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the morphological observations of the dorsal gland (DG), an oval organ/tissue which lies on both sides of the dorsal midline of the crocodilian. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the changing patterns of Alligator sinesis DGs at different timepoints from the 31st embryonic day (E31) to the newly hatched 1st day (NH1). A comprehensive transcriptional changes of differentially expression gene (DEGs) involved in the melanogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and cell apoptosis pathways suggested that the DG might serves as a functional secretory gland in formation, transport and deposition of pigment, and lipids secretion via lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, the remarkable immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-positive signals in the basilar cells, in parallel with the immuno-reactive TdT-mediated dUTP nick-End labeling(TUNEL) within suprabasal cells, provided direct molecular evidence supporting for the speculation that DG serves as a holocrine secretion mode. Finally, subsequent phylogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis for the PITX2, the identified DEGs in the RNA-seq, was helpful to further elucidate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of candidate genes. In conclusion, the current results are of considerable importance in enriching our understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the skin derivatives and lifestyles of newborn Alligator sinesis.
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Curcumin encapsulation in functional PLGA nanoparticles: A promising strategy for cancer therapies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102582. [PMID: 34953375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems for the treatment of several diseases. Novel cancer therapies have exploited these particles as alternative adjuvant therapies to overcome the traditional limitations of radio and chemotherapy. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound found in turmeric, that has been reported to show anticancer activity against several types of tumors. Despite some biological limitations regarding its absorption in the human body, curcumin encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, represents an effective strategy to deliver a drug to a tumor site. Furthermore, PLGA nanoparticles can be engineered with targeting moieties to reach specific cancer cells, thus enhancing the antitumor effects of curcumin. We herein aim to bring an up-to-date summary of the recently developed strategies for curcumin delivery to different types of cancer cells through encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles, correlating their effects with those of curcumin on the biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells (cancer hallmarks). We discuss the targeting strategies proposed for advanced curcumin delivery and the respective improvements achieved for each cancer cell analyzed, in addition to exploring the encapsulation techniques employed. The conjugation of correct encapsulation techniques with tumor-oriented targeting design can result in curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles that can successfully integrate the elaborate network of development of alternative cancer treatments along with traditional ones. Finally, the current challenges and future demands to launch these nanoparticles in oncology are comprehensively examined.
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Harikrishnan A, Khanna S, Veena V. Design of New Improved Curcumin Derivatives to Multi-targets of Cancer and Inflammation. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:573-589. [PMID: 32753008 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200804113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a major active principle of Curcuma longa. There are more than 1700 citations in the Medline, reflecting various biological effects of curcumin. Most of these biological activities are associated with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity of the molecule. Several reports suggest various targets of natural curcumin that include growth factors, growth factor receptor, cytokines, enzymes and gene regulators of apoptosis. This review focuses on the improved curcumin derivatives that target the cancer and inflammation. METHODOLOGY In this present review, we explored the anticancer drugs with curcumin-based drugs under pre-clinical and clinical studies with critical examination. Based on the strong scientific reports of patentable and non-patented literature survey, we have investigated the mode of the interactions of curcumin-based molecules with the target molecules. RESULTS Advanced studies have added new dimensions of the molecular response of cancer cells to curcumin at the genomic level. However, poor bioavailability of the molecule seems to be the major limitation of the curcumin. Several researchers have been involved to improve the curcumin derivatives to overcome this limitation. Sufficient data of clinical trials to various cancers that include multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, have also been discussed. CONCLUSION The detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and common synthesis of curcumin-based derivatives have been discussed in the review. Utilising the predictions of in silico coupled with validation reports of in vitro and in vivo studies have concluded many targets for curcumin. Among them, cancer-related inflammation genes regulating curcumin-based molecules are a very promising target to overcome hurdles in the multimodality therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation-Aarupadai Veedu (VMRF-AV) campus, Paiyanoor, Chennai-603104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunali Khanna
- Nair Hospital Dental College, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - V Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Rukmini knowledge park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 5600 064. Karnataka State, India
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8
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Tiwari P, Ali R, Ishrat R, Arfin N. Study of interaction between zein and curcumin using spectroscopic and in silico techniques. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Forouzanfar F, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Telomerase: A Target for Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:135-143. [PMID: 33725351 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Telomerases are attractive targets for development of new anticancer agents. Most tumors express the enzyme telomerase that maintains telomere length and thus ensures indefinite cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Curcumin has been shown to be effective against several types of malignancies and has also been shown to have inhibitory effects on telomerase activity. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to review the available investigations of curcumin on telomerase activity. Based on the findings obtained from the different studies here, we conclude that the telomerase inhibitory effects of curcumin are integral to its anticancer activity, and thus curcumin may be useful therapeutically in the cancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Bajaj S, Kumar MS, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Targeting telomerase for its advent in cancer therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1871-1919. [PMID: 32391613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase has emerged as an important primary target in anticancer therapy. It is a distinctive reverse transcriptase enzyme, which extends the length of telomere at the 3' chromosomal end, and uses telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA template-containing domains. Telomerase has a vital role and is a contributing factor in human health, mainly affecting cell aging and cell proliferation. Due to its unique feature, it ensures unrestricted cell proliferation in malignancy and plays a major role in cancer disease. The development of telomerase inhibitors with increased specificity and better pharmacokinetics is being considered to design and develop newer potent anticancer agents. Use of natural and synthetic compounds for the inhibition of telomerase activity can lead to an opening of new vistas in cancer treatment. This review details about the telomerase biochemistry, use of natural and synthetic compounds; vaccines and oncolytic virus in therapy that suppress the telomerase activity. We have discussed structure-activity relationships of various natural and synthetic telomerase inhibitors to help medicinal chemists and chemical biology researchers with a ready reference and updated status of their clinical trials. Suppression of human TERT (hTERT) activity through inhibition of hTERT promoter is an important approach for telomerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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11
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Kouhpeikar H, Butler AE, Bamian F, Barreto GE, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin as a therapeutic agent in leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12404-12414. [PMID: 30609023 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia comprises a group of hematological malignancies responsible for 8% of all cancers and is the most common cancer in children. Despite significant improvements in leukemia treatment, the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents is low and the disease carries a poor prognosis with frequent relapses and high mortality. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenol compound with diverse pharmacological actions including anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, lipid-regulating, antidepressant, and antiarthritic. Many cellular and experimental studies have reported the benefits of curcumin in treating leukemia. Curcumin's anticancer effects are exerted via various mechanisms. Here, we review the effects of curcumin on various types of leukemia whilst considering its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Kouhpeikar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faeze Bamian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Assani G, Xiong Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Effect of therapies-mediated modulation of telomere and/or telomerase on cancer cells radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35008-35025. [PMID: 30405890 PMCID: PMC6201854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Many strategies of cancer treatment such as radiotherapy which plays a key role in cancer treatment are developed and used nowadays. However, the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance are two major causes of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness in the cancer patients. Moreover, reduction of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness by reducing the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance is the aim of several radiotherapy-oncologic teams. Otherwise, Telomere and telomerase are two cells components which play an important role in cancer initiation, cancer progression and cancer therapy resistance such as radiotherapy resistance. For resolving the problems of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness especially the cancer radio-resistance problems, the radio-gene-therapy strategy which is the use of gene-therapy via modulation of gene expression combined with radiotherapy was developed and used as a new strategy to treat the patients with cancer. In this review, we summarized the information concerning the implication of telomere and telomerase modulation in cancer radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiou Assani
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudi Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Liu HT, Ho YS. Anticancer effect of curcumin on breast cancer and stem cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ganesan K, Xu B. Telomerase Inhibitors from Natural Products and Their Anticancer Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010013. [PMID: 29267203 PMCID: PMC5795965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are nowadays exploring traits on targets for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, considered as a primary factor in almost all cancer cells, which is mainly responsible to regulate the telomere length. Hence, telomerase ensures the indefinite cell proliferation during malignancy—a hallmark of cancer—and this distinctive feature has provided telomerase as the preferred target for drug development in cancer therapy. Deactivation of telomerase and telomere destabilization by natural products provides an opening to succeed new targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a fundamental knowledge for research on telomere, working regulation of telomerase and its various binding proteins to inhibit the telomere/telomerase complex. In addition, the review summarizes the inhibitors of the enzyme catalytic subunit and RNA component, natural products that target telomeres, and suppression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This extensive understanding of telomerase biology will provide indispensable information for enhancing the efficiency of rational anti-cancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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15
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Sun D, Zhou JK, Zhao L, Zheng ZY, Li J, Pu W, Liu S, Liu XS, Liu SJ, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Peng Y. Novel Curcumin Liposome Modified with Hyaluronan Targeting CD44 Plays an Anti-Leukemic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16857-16868. [PMID: 28489348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been widely used as a food additive for centuries and has been recently explored for its anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Although curcumin is pharmacologically safe and efficacious to certain cancers, its role against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still remains unclear, and it lacks clinical application due to low water solubility and low in vivo bioavailability. To address these issues, we developed a novel curcumin liposome modified with hyaluronan (HA-Cur-LPs) to specifically deliver curcumin to AML by targeting CD44 on AML cell surface. When compared with free curcumin and nontargeted liposome (Cur-LPs), the HA-Cur-LPs exhibited good stability, high affinity to CD44, increased cellular uptake, and more potent activity on inhibiting AML cell proliferation. The KG-1 cell implanted AML mice had significantly delayed, or even prevented, AML progression following treatment with 50 mg/kg of curcumin dose in the HA-Cur-LPs every 2 days for 2 weeks. Mechanistically, the anti-AML effects of HA-Cur-LPs were achieved by inhibiting Akt/ERK pathways and activating caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, HA-Cur-LPs played a critical role in downregulation of DNMT1 expression in AML, leading to DNA hypomethylation and reactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as miR-223. The development and assessment of the HA-Cur-LPs in this study provide another potential choice for AML therapy, using HA-Cur-LPs as either a single treatment agent or in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Division of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhe-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenchen Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xue-Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shu-Jun Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota , Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610064, China
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Lu CW, Hao JL, Yao L, Li HJ, Zhou DD. Efficacy of curcumin in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the expression of VEGF in human pterygium fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1149-1154. [PMID: 28393179 PMCID: PMC5403353 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is an inflammatory and degenerative ocular surface disease, in which the conjunctiva on the cornea grows to form a fibrous tissue in the shape of a triangle. Although pterygium surgery is used broadly in clinical practice, its high recurrence rate poses a great concern for patients and doctors. In the present study, we examined the effects of curcumin on the apoptosis and proliferation of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) in an in vitro culture system. HPFs were incubated with curcumin for 24 to 72 h (5, 20, 80 or 200 µmol/l). The proliferation-inhibiting effects of curcumin were assayed by MTT assay at different time points and at various concentrations. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in each group was detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA. The apoptotic effects of curcumin were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Treatment with curcumin at 80 µmol/l for 48 h significantly inhibited HPF proliferation. Curcumin significant induced the apoptosis of HPFs. Our findings thus suggest that curcumin suppress cell proliferation in the pterygium by inducing HPF apoptosis and inhibiting VEGF expression. Thus, curcumin has potential for use as a novel agent for the treatment of pterygium in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Panda AK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar I, Khan T, Sa G. New insights into therapeutic activity and anticancer properties of curcumin. J Exp Pharmacol 2017; 9:31-45. [PMID: 28435333 PMCID: PMC5386596 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s70568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds obtained from plants are capable of garnering considerable attention from the scientific community, primarily due to their ability to check and prevent the onset and progress of cancer. These natural compounds are primarily used due to their nontoxic nature and the fewer side effects they cause compared to chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, such natural products perform even better when given as an adjuvant along with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enhancing the potential of chemotherapeutics and simultaneously reducing their undesired side effects. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol compound found in the plant Curcuma longa, is used as an Indian spice. It regulates not only the various pathways of the immune system, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and antioxidant response but also numerous intracellular targets, including pathways and protein molecules controlling tumor progression. Many recent studies conducted by major research groups around the globe suggest the use of curcumin as a chemopreventive adjuvant molecule to maximize and minimize the desired effects and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, low bioavailability of a curcumin molecule is the primary challenge encountered in adjuvant therapy. This review explores different therapeutic interactions of curcumin along with its targeted pathways and molecules that are involved in the regulation of onset and progression of different types of cancers, cancer treatment, and the strategies to overcome bioavailability issues and new targets of curcumin in the ever-growing field of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Kumar Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Irene Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tila Khan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pavan AR, Silva GDBD, Jornada DH, Chiba DE, Fernandes GFDS, Man Chin C, Dos Santos JL. Unraveling the Anticancer Effect of Curcumin and Resveratrol. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110628. [PMID: 27834913 PMCID: PMC5133053 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol and curcumin are natural products with important therapeutic properties useful to treat several human diseases, including cancer. In the last years, the number of studies describing the effect of both polyphenols against cancer has increased; however, the mechanism of action in all of those cases is not completely comprehended. The unspecific effect and the ability to interfere in assays by both polyphenols make this challenge even more difficult. Herein, we analyzed the anticancer activity of resveratrol and curcumin reported in the literature in the last 11 years, in order to unravel the molecular mechanism of action of both compounds. Molecular targets and cellular pathways will be described. Furthermore, we also discussed the ability of these natural products act as chemopreventive and its use in association with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Diego Eidy Chiba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | | | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800903, Brazil.
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19
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Jäger K, Walter M. Therapeutic Targeting of Telomerase. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070039. [PMID: 27455328 PMCID: PMC4962009 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length and cell function can be preserved by the human reverse transcriptase telomerase (hTERT), which synthesizes the new telomeric DNA from a RNA template, but is normally restricted to cells needing a high proliferative capacity, such as stem cells. Consequently, telomerase-based therapies to elongate short telomeres are developed, some of which have successfully reached the stage I in clinical trials. Telomerase is also permissive for tumorigenesis and 90% of all malignant tumors use telomerase to obtain immortality. Thus, reversal of telomerase upregulation in tumor cells is a potential strategy to treat cancer. Natural and small-molecule telomerase inhibitors, immunotherapeutic approaches, oligonucleotide inhibitors, and telomerase-directed gene therapy are useful treatment strategies. Telomerase is more widely expressed than any other tumor marker. The low expression in normal tissues, together with the longer telomeres in normal stem cells versus cancer cells, provides some degree of specificity with low risk of toxicity. However, long term telomerase inhibition may elicit negative effects in highly-proliferative cells which need telomerase for survival, and it may interfere with telomere-independent physiological functions. Moreover, only a few hTERT molecules are required to overcome senescence in cancer cells, and telomerase inhibition requires proliferating cells over a sufficient number of population doublings to induce tumor suppressive senescence. These limitations may explain the moderate success rates in many clinical studies. Despite extensive studies, only one vaccine and one telomerase antagonist are routinely used in clinical work. For complete eradication of all subpopulations of cancer cells a simultaneous targeting of several mechanisms will likely be needed. Possible technical improvements have been proposed including the development of more specific inhibitors, methods to increase the efficacy of vaccination methods, and personalized approaches. Telomerase activation and cell rejuvenation is successfully used in regenerative medicine for tissue engineering and reconstructive surgery. However, there are also a number of pitfalls in the treatment with telomerase activating procedures for the whole organism and for longer periods of time. Extended cell lifespan may accumulate rare genetic and epigenetic aberrations that can contribute to malignant transformation. Therefore, novel vector systems have been developed for a 'mild' integration of telomerase into the host genome and loss of the vector in rapidly-proliferating cells. It is currently unclear if this technique can also be used in human beings to treat chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Jäger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
- Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Sylter Str. 2, Berlin 13353, Germany.
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20
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Functional and mechanistic analysis of telomerase: An antitumor drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:24-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Curcumin and Osteosarcoma: Can Invertible Polymeric Micelles Help? MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070520. [PMID: 28773642 PMCID: PMC5456898 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systematic review of experimental and clinical data on the use of curcumin in the treatment of osteosarcoma is presented. The current status of curcumin's therapeutic potential against bone cancer is analyzed in regard to using polymeric micelles (including recently developed invertible, responsive, micelles) as a platform for curcumin delivery to treat osteosarcoma. The potential of micellar assemblies from responsive macromolecules in a controlled delivery of curcumin to osteosarcoma cells, and the release using a new inversion mechanism is revealed.
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Mohammadi S, Ghaffari SH, Shaiegan M, Zarif MN, Nikbakht M, Akbari Birgani S, Alimoghadam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Acquired expression of osteopontin selectively promotes enrichment of leukemia stem cells through AKT/mTOR/PTEN/β-catenin pathways in AML cells. Life Sci 2016; 152:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new curcumin analogues as antioxidant and antitumor agents: Molecular modeling study. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Yaswen P, MacKenzie KL, Keith WN, Hentosh P, Rodier F, Zhu J, Firestone GL, Matheu A, Carnero A, Bilsland A, Sundin T, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Helferich B, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Niccolai E, Aquilano K, Ashraf SS, Nowsheen S, Yang X. Therapeutic targeting of replicative immortality. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S104-S128. [PMID: 25869441 PMCID: PMC4600408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of malignant cell populations is the ability to undergo continuous proliferation. This property allows clonal lineages to acquire sequential aberrations that can fuel increasingly autonomous growth, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Innate cellular mechanisms have evolved to regulate replicative potential as a hedge against malignant progression. When activated in the absence of normal terminal differentiation cues, these mechanisms can result in a state of persistent cytostasis. This state, termed “senescence,” can be triggered by intrinsic cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction and oncogene expression, and by exogenous factors such as DNA damaging agents or oxidative environments. Despite differences in upstream signaling, senescence often involves convergent interdependent activation of tumor suppressors p53 and p16/pRB, but can be induced, albeit with reduced sensitivity, when these suppressors are compromised. Doses of conventional genotoxic drugs required to achieve cancer cell senescence are often much lower than doses required to achieve outright cell death. Additional therapies, such as those targeting cyclin dependent kinases or components of the PI3K signaling pathway, may induce senescence specifically in cancer cells by circumventing defects in tumor suppressor pathways or exploiting cancer cells’ heightened requirements for telomerase. Such treatments sufficient to induce cancer cell senescence could provide increased patient survival with fewer and less severe side effects than conventional cytotoxic regimens. This positive aspect is countered by important caveats regarding senescence reversibility, genomic instability, and paracrine effects that may increase heterogeneity and adaptive resistance of surviving cancer cells. Nevertheless, agents that effectively disrupt replicative immortality will likely be valuable components of new combinatorial approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Jiyue Zhu
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | | | | | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universdad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amr Amin
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bill Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - S Salman Ashraf
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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25
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Devassy JG, Nwachukwu ID, Jones PJH. Curcumin and cancer: barriers to obtaining a health claim. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:155-65. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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26
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Smith AJ, Oertle J, Prato D. Multiple Actions of Curcumin Including Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Enhancement via Cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.63029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Picone P, Nuzzo D, Caruana L, Messina E, Scafidi V, Di Carlo M. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells via inhibition of AKT and Foxo3a nuclear translocation. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1397-408. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.960410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Curcumin: a potential candidate in prevention of cancer via modulation of molecular pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761608. [PMID: 25295272 PMCID: PMC4176907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most dreadful disease worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. The exact cause of cancer development and progression is not fully known. But it is thought that cancer occurs due to the structural and functional changes in the genes. The current approach to cancer treatment based on allopathic is expensive, exhibits side effects; and may also alter the normal functioning of genes. Thus, a safe and effective mode of treatment is needed to control the cancer development and progression. Some medicinal plants provide a safe, effective and affordable remedy to control the progression of malignant cells. The importance of medicinal plants and their constituents has been documented in Ayurveda, Unani medicine, and various religious books. Curcumin, a vital constituent of the spice turmeric, is an alternative approach in the prevention of cancer. Earlier studies have shown the effect of curcumin as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor and it also has a noteworthy role in the control of different diseases. In this review, we summarize the understanding of chemopreventive effects of curcumin in the prevention of cancer via the regulation of various cell signaling and genetic pathways.
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29
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Gómez DLM, Farina HG, Gómez DE. Telomerase regulation: a key to inhibition? (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1351-6. [PMID: 24042470 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase has been recognized as a common factor in most tumor cells, and in turn a distinctive feature with respect to non-malignant cells. This feature has made telomerase a promising target for cancer therapy. Telomerase studies revealed that it is a multi-subunit complex possessing different levels of regulation, including control of expression, phosphorylation state, assembly and transportation to sites of activity. Thus, we emphasize that targeting telomerase expression or activity is not the only way to shorten telomeres, induce cell senescence and apoptosis. Therefore, there are multiple sites capable of allowing the modulation of its enzymatic activity. In the development of strategies based on the regulation of telomerase activity the understanding of the mechanisms regulating their subunits is essential. Based on this, in this review we summarize the current state of knowledge of some regulatory mechanisms of the components of the telomerase complex, and hypothetize their potential therapeutic application against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Mengual Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Nasiri M, Zarghami N, Koshki KN, Mollazadeh M, Moghaddam MP, Yamchi MR, Esfahlan RJ, Barkhordari A, Alibakhshi A. Curcumin and Silibinin Inhibit Telomerase Expression in T47D Human Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:3449-3453. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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31
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Khaw AK, Hande MP, Kalthur G, Hande MP. Curcumin inhibits telomerase and induces telomere shortening and apoptosis in brain tumour cells. J Cell Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Xu YY, Cao Y, Ma H, Li HQ, Ao GZ. Design, synthesis and molecular docking of α,β-unsaturated cyclohexanone analogous of curcumin as potent EGFR inhibitors with antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Shehzad A, Lee J, Lee YS. Curcumin in various cancers. Biofactors 2013; 39:56-68. [PMID: 23303705 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an active constituent of turmeric, is a well-described phytochemical, which has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases. The dysregulation of cell signaling pathways by the gradual alteration of regulatory proteins is the root cause of cancers. Curcumin modulates regulatory proteins through various molecular mechanisms. Several research studies have provided in-depth analysis of multiple targets through which curcumin induces protective effects against cancers including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, hematological, pulmonary, thymic, brain, breast, and bone. The molecular mechanisms of action of curcumin in treating different types of cancers remain under investigation. The multifaceted role of this dietary agent is mediated through its inhibition of several cell signaling pathways at multiple levels. Curcumin has the ability to inhibit carcinogenicity through the modulation of the cell cycle by binding directly and indirectly to molecular targets including transcription factors (NF-kB, STAT3, β-catenin, and AP-1), growth factors (EGF, PDGF, and VEGF), enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, and MMPs), kinases (cyclin D1, CDKs, Akt, PKC, and AMPK), inflammatory cytokines (TNF, MCP, IL-1, and IL-6), upregulation of proapoptotic (Bax, Bad, and Bak) and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl(2) and Bcl-xL). A variety of animal models and human studies have proven that curcumin is safe and well tolerated even at very high doses. This study elaborates the current understanding of the chemopreventive effects of curcumin through its multiple molecular pathways and highlights its therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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The isoprenoid perillyl alcohol inhibits telomerase activity in prostate cancer cells. Biochimie 2012; 94:2639-48. [PMID: 22902867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are recognized for their ability to suppress carcinogenic processes in vivo and in vitro. We previously established that the isoprenoid, perillyl alcohol, acted mechanistically on translation of specific proteins through modulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Telomerase-the enzyme responsible for immortalizing cells through the addition of telomeric repeats-is de-repressed early in an aspiring cancer cell. Here the effects of biologically-relevant concentrations and short incubations (1-16 h) of perillyl alcohol or the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, on telomerase activity were examined in prostate cancer cell lines. A rapid suppression of telomerase activity was observed (from ∼65% to >95%) determined by real-time quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol and confirmed by polyacrylamide gel-analysis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, we demonstrated that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA levels were unaltered. Western blot analysis revealed that hTERT protein levels decreased in response to perillyl alcohol or rapamycin. This decrease was partially blocked by pretreatment with a proteasome inhibitor MG-132, indicating that proteasomal degradation contributed to the loss of hTERT protein. No change in hTERT phosphorylation at Ser824 was observed, indicating the absence of cellular hTERT protein redistribution. These findings provide evidence for a unique link between nutrient- and macrolide-mediated regulation of mTOR and hTERT, a key enzyme that regulates DNA structure and stability.
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Kundu P, Mohanty C, Sahoo SK. Antiglioma activity of curcumin-loaded lipid nanoparticles and its enhanced bioavailability in brain tissue for effective glioblastoma therapy. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2670-87. [PMID: 22484149 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain and central nervous system tumours, is characterized by high rates proliferation, migration and invasion. The major road block in the delivery of drugs to the brain is the blood-brain barrier, along with the expression of various multi-drug resistance (MDR) proteins that cause the efflux of a wide range of chemotherapeutic drugs. Curcumin, a herbal drug, is known to inhibit cellular proliferation, migration and invasion and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. It also has the potential to modulate MDR in glioma cells. However, the greatest challenge in the administration of curcumin stems from its low bioavailability and high rate of metabolism. To circumvent the above pitfalls of curcumin we have developed curcumin-loaded glyceryl monooleate (GMO) nanoparticles (NP) coated with the surfactant Pluronic F-68 and vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) for brain delivery. We demonstrated that our curcumin-loaded NPs inhibit cellular proliferation, migration and invasion along with a higher percentage of cell cycle arrest and telomerase inhibition, thus leading to a greater percentage apoptotic cell death in glioma cells compared with native curcumin. An in vivo study demonstrated enhanced bioavailability of curcumin in blood serum and brain tissue when delivered by curcumin-loaded GMO NPs compared with native curcumin in a rat model. Thus, curcumin-loaded GMO NPs can be used as an effective delivery system to overcome the challenges of drug delivery to the brain, providing a new approach to glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Kundu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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36
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Abstract
Telomeres serve the dual function of protecting chromosomes from genomic instability as well as protecting the ends of chromosomes from DNA damage machinery. The enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance is telomerase, an enzyme capable of reverse transcription. Telomerase activity is typically limited to specific cell types. However, telomerase activation in somatic cells serves as a key step toward cell immortalization and cancer. Targeting telomerase serves as a potential cancer treatment with significant therapeutic benefits. Beyond targeting cancers by inhibiting telomerase, manipulating the regulation of telomerase may also provide therapeutic benefit to other ailments, such as those related to aging. This review will introduce human telomeres and telomerase and discuss pharmacological regulation of telomerase, including telomerase inhibitors and activators, and their use in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Sprouse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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37
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Abstract
Telomeres are stretches of repeated DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that are necessary to prevent loss of gene-coding DNA regions during replication. Telomerase – the enzyme responsible for immortalising cancer cells through the addition of telomeric repeats – is active in ~90% of human cancers. Telomerase activity is inhibited by various phytochemicals such as isoprenoids, genistein, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol and others. Human TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase – the rate-limiting component of telomerase), heat shock protein 90, Akt, p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) form a physical and functional complex with one another. The inclusion of Akt, mTOR and S6K in the TERT complex is compelling evidence to support mTOR-mediated control of telomerase activity. This review will define the role of mTOR, the master regulator of protein translation, in telomerase regulation and provide additional insights into the numerous ways in which telomerase activity is hindered by phytochemicals.
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Yang CW, Chang CL, Lee HC, Chi CW, Pan JP, Yang WC. Curcumin induces the apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells via the activation of JNK/ERK pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:22. [PMID: 22443687 PMCID: PMC3342909 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a principal compound of turmeric, commonly used to treat tumors and other diseases. However, its anti-cancer activity in human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells is not clear. This study aimed to study the anti-cancer effect and action of curcumin on THP-1 cells. METHODS THP-1 parental cells and PMA-treated THP-1 cells, were used as in vitro models to evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of curcumin. Apoptosis and its mechanism were evaluated by WST-1, flow cytometry and Western blotting. MAPK inhibitors were used to further confirm the molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis. RESULTS Curcumin induced cell apoptosis of THP-1 cells as shown by cell viability, cell cycle analysis and caspase activity. Curcumin significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and their downstream molecules (c-Jun and Jun B). Inhibitor of JNK and ERK reduced the pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin on THP-1 cells as evidenced by caspase activity and the activation of ERK/JNK/Jun cascades. On the contrary, the pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin was abolished in the differentiated THP-1 cells mediated by PMA. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that curcumin can induce the THP-1 cell apoptosis through the activation of JNK/ERK/AP1 pathways. Besides, our data suggest its novel use as an anti-tumor agent in acute monocytic leukemia.
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Curcumin sensitizes chemotherapeutic drugs via modulation of PKC, telomerase, NF-κB and HDAC in breast cancer. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1275-93. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several tumor markers are overexpressed in breast cancer. Chemotherapy in breast cancer fails due to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. A phytochemical such as curcumin can be used in a therapeutic modality as it elicits anti-tumor effects. Methods: Action of curcumin on the expression of several tumor markers, such as protein kinase C, telomerase, NF-κB and histone deacetylase in MCF-7 (ER positive), MDA-MB-231 (ER negative), MCF-12F (control) and also in mice mammary tumors were investigated. Results: Curcumin downregulated the expression of tumor markers both in vitro and in vivo and sensitized tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel. Discussion: Curcumin may be of considerable value in synergistic therapy of cancer such that the drug dose level could be minimized reducing the associated toxicity.
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Zhou H, Beevers CS, Huang S. The targets of curcumin. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:332-47. [PMID: 20955148 DOI: 10.2174/138945011794815356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in some medicinal preparation or used as a food-coloring agent. In recent years, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggested curcumin has anticancer, antiviral, antiarthritic, anti-amyloid, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are diverse and appear to involve the regulation of various molecular targets, including transcription factors (such as nuclear factor-kB), growth factors (such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6), protein kinases (such as mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt) and other enzymes (such as cyclooxygenase 2 and 5 lipoxygenase). Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, curcumin has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various malignant diseases, arthritis, allergies, Alzheimer's disease, and other inflammatory illnesses. This review summarizes various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of curcumin as well as the underlying action mechanisms. The recently identified molecular targets and signaling pathways modulated by curcumin are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Rao J, Xu DR, Zheng FM, Long ZJ, Huang SS, Wu X, Zhou WH, Huang RW, Liu Q. Curcumin reduces expression of Bcl-2, leading to apoptosis in daunorubicin-insensitive CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary sorted CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Transl Med 2011; 9:71. [PMID: 21595920 PMCID: PMC3118333 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an immunophenotypically heterogenous malignant disease, in which CD34 positivity is associated with poor prognosis. CD34+ AML cells are 10-15-fold more resistant to daunorubicin (DNR) than CD34- AML cells. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric that has shown cytotoxic activity in multiple cancers; however, its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied in DNR-insensitive CD34+ AML cells. The aim of this study was to therefore to explore curcumin-induced cytotoxicity in DNR-insensitive CD34+ AML cell lines (KG1a, Kasumi-1), DNR-sensitive U937 AML cells, and primary CD34+ AML bone-marrow-derived cells. Methods Primary human CD34+ cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or bone marrow mononuclear cells using a CD34 MicroBead kit. The growth inhibitory effects of curcumin were evaluated by MTT and colony-formation assays. Cell cycle distribution was examined by propidium iodide (PI) assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by Wright-Giemsa, Hoechst 33342 and Annexin-V/PI staining assays. The change in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by JC-1 staining and flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) against Bcl-2 was used in CD34+ KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells incubated with/without DNR. Results Curcumin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis and G1/S arrest in both DNR-insensitive KG1a, Kasumi-1 and DNR-sensitive U937 cells. Curcumin-induced apoptosis was associated with reduced expression of both Bcl-2 mRNA and protein, subsequent loss of MMP, and activation of caspase-3 followed by PARP degradation. Curcumin synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of DNR in DNR-insensitive KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells, consistent with decreased Bcl-2 expression. Accordingly, siRNA against Bcl-2 increased the susceptibility of KG1a and Kasumi-1 cells to DNR-induced apoptosis. More importantly, curcumin suppressed Bcl-2 expression, selectively inhibited proliferation and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of DNR in primary CD34+ AML cells, while showing limited lethality in normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. Conclusion Curcumin down-regulates Bcl-2 and induces apoptosis in DNR-insensitive CD34+ AML cell lines and primary CD34+ AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Rao
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Patel VB, Misra S, Patel BB, Majumdar APN. Colorectal cancer: chemopreventive role of curcumin and resveratrol. Nutr Cancer 2011; 62:958-67. [PMID: 20924971 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.510259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a second leading cause of cancer deaths in the Western world. Currently there is no effective treatment except resection at a very early stage with or without chemotherapy. Of various epithelial cancers, CRC in particular has a potential for prevention, since most cancers follow the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and the interval between detection of an adenoma and its progression to carcinoma is usually about a decade. However no effective chemopreventive agent except COX-2 inhibitors, limited in their scope due to cardiovascular side effects, have shown promise in reducing adenoma recurrence. To this end, natural agents that can target important carcinogenic pathways without demonstrating discernible adverse effects would serve as ideal chemoprevention agents. In this review, we discuss merits of two such naturally occurring dietary agents-curcumin and resveratrol-for chemoprevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali B Patel
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Curcumin regulates low-linear energy transfer γ-radiation-induced NFκB-dependent telomerase activity in human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79:1206-15. [PMID: 21236599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported that curcumin attenuates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced survival signaling and proliferation in human neuroblastoma cells. Also, in the endothelial system, we have demonstrated that NFκB regulates IR-induced telomerase activity (TA). Accordingly, we investigated the effect of curcumin in inhibiting IR-induced NFκB-dependent hTERT transcription, TA, and cell survival in neuroblastoma cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS SK-N-MC or SH-SY5Y cells exposed to IR and treated with curcumin (10-100 nM) with or without IR were harvested after 1 h through 24 h. NFκB-dependent regulation was investigated either by luciferase reporter assays using pNFκB-, pGL3-354-, pGL3-347-, or pUSE-IκBα-Luc, p50/p65, or RelA siRNA-transfected cells. NFκB activity was analyzed using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and hTERT expression using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. TA was determined using the telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay and cell survival using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide and clonogenic assay. RESULTS Curcumin profoundly inhibited IR-induced NFκB. Consequently, curcumin significantly inhibited IR-induced TA and hTERT mRNA at all points investigated. Furthermore, IR-induced TA is regulated at the transcriptional level by triggering telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter activation. Moreover, NFκB becomes functionally activated after IR and mediates TA upregulation by binding to the κB-binding region in the promoter region of the TERT gene. Consistently, elimination of the NFκB-recognition site on the telomerase promoter or inhibition of NFκB by the IκBα mutant compromises IR-induced telomerase promoter activation. Significantly, curcumin inhibited IR-induced TERT transcription. Consequently, curcumin inhibited hTERT mRNA and TA in NFκB overexpressed cells. Furthermore, curcumin enhanced the IR-induced inhibition of cell survival. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that curcumin inhibits IR-induced TA in an NFκB dependent manner in human neuroblastoma cells.
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Chen J, Wang G, Wang L, Kang J, Wang J. Curcumin p38-dependently enhances the anticancer activity of valproic acid in human leukemia cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:210-8. [PMID: 20600877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of histone deacetylase, which has been used in cancer therapy. Recently, the combination of VPA with other anticancer agents has been considered as a useful and necessary strategy to specifically induce anticancer gene expression. Curcumin (Cur) is a promising natural anticancer agent that can specifically regulate the expression of NF-kappaB, bcl-2, and bax in leukemia cells. However, no literature is available on the anticancer effects of the combination of VPA and Cur. Here we show that this combination significantly increases Sp1 binding, histone H3 and H4 acetylation in the promoter region of bax, but not in that of bcl-2. This specifically up-regulates bax expression and leads to HL-60 cell proliferation arrest, sub-G1 DNA accumulation and cell death. Further studies reveal that Cur specifically activates p38 MAPK, an essential factor for Sp1 binding at the bax promoter. Moreover, both inhibition of p38 MAPK and knock-down of bax expression significantly prevent VPA and Cur-induced proliferation arrest and death in HL-60 cells. These results suggest that Cur could p38-dependently promote bax expression and hence enhance the anticancer activity of VPA in human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hsin IL, Sheu GT, Chen HH, Chiu LY, Wang HD, Chan HW, Hsu CP, Ko JL. N-acetyl cysteine mitigates curcumin-mediated telomerase inhibition through rescuing of Sp1 reduction in A549 cells. Mutat Res 2010; 688:72-77. [PMID: 20363232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural compound that has been extensively observed due to its potential as an anticancer drug. Curcumin restrains cancer cell progression via telomerase activity suppression. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the effects of curcumin on cell viability and telomerase activity can be blunted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The ROS induced by curcumin in A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Using Western blot and RT-PCR, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) decreased in the presence of curcumin. Sp1 is one of the important transcription factors in hTERT expression. Our data showed that curcumin decreases the expression of Sp1 through proteasome pathway. In addition, NAC blunted the Sp1 reduction and hTERT downregulation by curcumin. Further, reporter assay and DNA affinity precipitation assay confirmed the influence of curcumin on Sp1 in hTERT regulation. This is the first study to demonstrate that curcumin induces ROS production resulting in Sp1 binding activity inhibition and hTERT downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lee JH, Chung IK. Curcumin inhibits nuclear localization of telomerase by dissociating the Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 from hTERT. Cancer Lett 2010; 290:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Curcumin-the paradigm of a multi-target natural compound with applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:128-62. [PMID: 22069551 PMCID: PMC3206621 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As cancer is a multifactor disease, it may require treatment with compounds able to target multiple intracellular components. We summarize here how curcumin is able to modulate many components of intracellular signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, cell proliferation and invasion and to induce genetic modulations eventually leading to tumor cell death. Clinical applications of this natural compound were initially limited by its low solubility and bioavailability in both plasma and tissues but combination with adjuvant and delivery vehicles was reported to largely improve bio-availability of curcumin. Moreover, curcumin was reported to act in synergism with several natural compounds or synthetic agents commonly used in chemotherapy. Based on this, curcumin could thus be considered as a good candidate for cancer prevention and treatment when used alone or in combination with other conventional treatments.
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Ravindran J, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer cells: how many ways can curry kill tumor cells selectively? AAPS J 2009; 11:495-510. [PMID: 19590964 PMCID: PMC2758121 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hyperproliferative disorder that is usually treated by chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to normal cells, so these agents produce major side effects. In addition, these agents are highly expensive and thus not affordable for most. Moreover, such agents cannot be used for cancer prevention. Traditional medicines are generally free of the deleterious side effects and usually inexpensive. Curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), is one such agent that is safe, affordable, and efficacious. How curcumin kills tumor cells is the focus of this review. We show that curcumin modulates growth of tumor cells through regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways including cell proliferation pathway (cyclin D1, c-myc), cell survival pathway (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, XIAP, c-IAP1), caspase activation pathway (caspase-8, 3, 9), tumor suppressor pathway (p53, p21) death receptor pathway (DR4, DR5), mitochondrial pathways, and protein kinase pathway (JNK, Akt, and AMPK). How curcumin selectively kills tumor cells, and not normal cells, is also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraj Ravindran
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Exploration and synthesis of curcumin analogues with improved structural stability both in vitro and in vivo as cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2623-31. [PMID: 19243951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of chemo-preventive and chemo-therapeutic activities and is under investigation for the treatment of various human cancers. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Although a number of synthetic modifications of curcumin have been studied intensively in order to develop a molecule with enhanced bioactivities, few synthetic studies were done for the improvement of pharmacokinetic profiles. In the present study, a series of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin were designed and synthesized by deleting the reactive beta-diketone moiety, which was considered to be responsible for the pharmacokinetic limitation of curcumin. The results of the in vitro stability studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the stability of these mono-carbonyl analogues was greatly enhanced in vitro and their pharmacokinetic profiles were also significantly improved in vivo. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activities of mono-carbonyl analogues were evaluated in seven different tumor cell lines by MTT assay and the structure-activity relation (SAR) was discussed and concluded. The results suggest that the five-carbon linker-containing analogues of curcumin may be favorable for the curcumin-based drug development both pharmacokinetically and pharmacologically.
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Novak Kujundzić R, Grbesa I, Ivkić M, Katdare M, Gall-Troselj K. Curcumin downregulates H19 gene transcription in tumor cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1781-92. [PMID: 18348204 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloymethane), a natural compound used in traditional medicine, exerts an antiproliferative effect on various tumor cell lines by an incompletely understood mechanism. It has been shown that low doses of curcumin downregulate DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) which is upregulated in many malignances. The activity of TOP2A is required for RNA polymerase II transcription on chromatin templates. Recently, it has been reported that CTCF, a multifunctional transcription factor, recruits the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (LS Pol II) to its target sites genome-wide. This recruitment of LS Pol II is more pronounced in proliferating cells than in fully differentiated cells. As expression of imprinted genes is often altered in tumors, we investigated the potential effect of curcumin treatment on transcription of the imprinted H19 gene, located distally from the CTCF binding site, in human tumor cell lines HCT 116, SW 620, HeLa, Cal 27, Hep-2 and Detroit 562. Transcription of TOP2A and concomitantly H19 was supressed in all tumor cell lines tested. Monoallelic IGF2 expression was maintained in curcumin-treated cancer cells, indicating the involvement of mechanism/s other than disturbance of CTCF insulator function at the IGF2/H19 locus. Curcumin did not alter H19 gene transcription in primary cell cultures derived from normal human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Novak Kujundzić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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