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Ren Y, Bäcker H, Müller M, Kienzle A. The role of myeloid derived suppressor cells in musculoskeletal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139683. [PMID: 36936946 PMCID: PMC10020351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is closely linked to bone homeostasis and plays a pivotal role in several pathological and inflammatory conditions. Through various pathways it modulates various bone cells and subsequently sustains the physiological bone metabolism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid-derived cells that can exert an immunosuppressive function through a direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines or specific exosomes. These cells mediate the innate immune response to chronic stress on the skeletal system. In chronic inflammation, MDSCs act as an inner offset to rebalance overactivation of the immune system. Moreover, they have been found to be involved in processes responsible for bone remodeling in different musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection, and cancer. These cells can not only cause bone erosion by differentiating into osteoclasts, but also alleviate the immune reaction, subsequently leading to long-lastingly impacted bone remodeling. In this review, we discuss the impact of MDSCs on the bone metabolism under several pathological conditions, the involved modulatory pathways as well as potential therapeutic targets in MDSCs to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Bäcker
- Department of Orthopedics, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kienzle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arne Kienzle,
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2
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Fathollahi A, Samimi LN, Akhlaghi M, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. The role of NK cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1063-1073. [PMID: 34580740 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system which not only provides a primary response to pathogenic conditions but can also play an important regulatory role in immune responses. Furthermore, these cells can influence immune responses by affecting other involved cells. Human NK cells can be classified as CD56dim and CD56bright; the former demonstrates mostly cytotoxic effects, while the latter comprises mostly tolerant or regulatory NK cells. These cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their role remains still unclear. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases to review and analyze relevant literature on the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA. RESULTS Although the percentage of NK cells increases in peripheral blood of RA patients compared to healthy individuals, the cytotoxic function of these cells is impaired. It is demonstrated by reduced "perforin+ NK cells" and decreased per-cell lytic function. These cytotoxic NK cells may control the pathogenic bone absorptive function of osteoclasts by directly targeting these cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the evidence collected in the current review emphasizes the possible protective role of CD56dim NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nejatbakhsh Samimi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maassoumeh Akhlaghi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Raitoharju E, Marttila S, Mononen N, Sievänen H, Viikari J, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Modular genome-wide gene expression architecture shared by early traits of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis in the Young Finns Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7111. [PMID: 33782480 PMCID: PMC8007808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed whole blood genome-wide expression data to identify gene co-expression modules shared by early traits of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Gene expression was profiled for the Young Finns Study participants. Bone mineral density and content were measured as early traits of osteoporosis. Carotid and bulbus intima media thickness were measured as early traits of atherosclerosis. Joint association of the modules, identified with weighted co-expression analysis, with early traits of the diseases was tested with multivariate analysis. Among the six modules significantly correlated with early traits of both the diseases, two had significant (adjusted p-values (p.adj) < 0.05) and another two had suggestively significant (p.adj < 0.25) joint association with the two diseases after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The three most significant member genes from the significant modules were NOSIP, GXYLT2, and TRIM63 (p.adj ≤ 0.18). Genes in the modules were enriched with biological processes that have separately been found to be involved in either bone metabolism or atherosclerosis. The gene modules and their most significant member genes identified in this study support the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity hypothesis and can provide new joint biomarkers for both diseases and their dual prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Zhao Y, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Involvement of Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Osteoclasts. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4813140. [PMID: 32908541 PMCID: PMC7468661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling and skeletal health. Much effort has been focused on identifying the regulators of osteoclast metabolism. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) reportedly regulate osteoclast formation, differentiation, survival, and bone-resorbing activity to participate in bone physiology and pathology. The present review intends to provide a general framework for how ncRNAs and their targets regulate osteoclast differentiation and the important events of osteoclastogenesis they are involved in, including osteoclast precursor generation, early differentiation, mononuclear osteoclast fusion, and multinucleated osteoclast function and survival. This framework is beneficial for understanding bone biology and for identifying the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of bone diseases. The review also summarizes the results of in vivo experiments and classic experiment methods for osteoclast-related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Qiu ZX, Peng Y, Li WM. CD226 gene polymorphisms are associated with non-small-cell lung cancer in the Chinese Han population. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1259-64. [PMID: 26346602 PMCID: PMC4554428 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s90365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immunoglobulin-like glycoprotein CD226 (DNAX accessory molecule-1) represents receptor-activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cells taking part in tumor surveillance, the pathogenesis of inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. The aim of the present study is to analyze the association between polymorphisms rs763361 and rs727088 in the CD226 gene and their impact on the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to genotype the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs763361 and rs727088 of the CD226 gene in 302 NSCLC patients and 389 ethnicity matched healthy controls. Results The frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype of rs763361 (T allele odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.77; TT genotype OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.70–4.39), as well as the G allele and GG genotype of rs727088 (G allele OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.50–2.39; GG genotype OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.31–9.20) in the NSCLC patients were significantly higher than that of normal controls, indicating that both of these two SNPs as risk factors were associated with NSCLC (P<0.05). Results of stratified analysis revealed that the polymorphism of rs727088 was associated with lymph node invasion and clinical stage cancer (P<0.05). However, there was no association between SNP rs763361 and clinical characteristics. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that CD226 gene polymorphisms (T allele of rs763361 and G allele of rs727088) as risk factors were associated with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Feng S, Madsen SH, Viller NN, Neutzsky-Wulff AV, Geisler C, Karlsson L, Söderström K. Interleukin-15-activated natural killer cells kill autologous osteoclasts via LFA-1, DNAM-1 and TRAIL, and inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone erosion in vitro. Immunology 2015; 145:367-79. [PMID: 25684021 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts reside on bone and are the main bone resorbing cells playing an important role in bone homeostasis, while natural killer (NK) cells are bone-marrow-derived cells known to play a crucial role in immune defence against viral infections. Although mature NK cells traffic through bone marrow as well as to inflammatory sites associated with enhanced bone erosion, including the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, little is known about the impact NK cells may have on mature osteoclasts and bone erosion. We studied the interaction between human NK cells and autologous monocyte-derived osteoclasts from healthy donors in vitro. We show that osteoclasts express numerous ligands for receptors present on activated NK cells. Co-culture experiments revealed that interleukin-15-activated, but not resting, NK cells trigger osteoclast apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in drastically decreased bone erosion. Suppression of bone erosion requires contact between NK cells and osteoclasts, but soluble factors also play a minor role. Antibodies masking leucocyte function-associated antigen-1, DNAX accessory molecule-1 or tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand enhance osteoclast survival when co-cultured with activated NK cells and restore the capacity of osteoclasts to erode bone. These results suggest that interleukin-15-activated NK cells may directly affect bone erosion under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.,Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzi H Madsen
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Natasja N Viller
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anita V Neutzsky-Wulff
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.,F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, IBD Drug Discovery and Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kalle Söderström
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Autoimmune Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Cao Z, Moore BT, Wang Y, Peng XH, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P. MiR-422a as a potential cellular microRNA biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97098. [PMID: 24820117 PMCID: PMC4018259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the etiology of various diseases. However, little is known about their roles in the development of osteoporosis. Circulating monocytes are osteoclast precursors that also produce various factors important for osteoclastogenesis. Previously, we have identified a potential biomarker miR-133a in circulating monocytes for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we aimed to further identify significant miRNA biomarkers in human circulating monocytes underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used ABI TaqMan miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR validation in human circulating monocytes from 10 high BMD and 10 low BMD postmenopausal Caucasian women to identify miRNA biomarkers. MiR-422a was up-regulated with marginal significance (P = 0.065) in the low compared with the high BMD group in the array analysis. However, a significant up-regulation of miR-422a was identified in the low BMD group by qRT-PCR analysis (P = 0.029). We also performed bioinformatic target gene analysis and found several potential target genes of miR-422a which are involved in osteoclastogenesis. Further qRT-PCR analyses of the target genes in the same study subjects showed that the expression of five of these genes (CBL, CD226, IGF1, PAG1, and TOB2) correlated negatively with miR-422a expression. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that miR-422a in human circulating monocytes (osteoclast precursors) is a potential miRNA biomarker underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Moore
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yang Wang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xian-Hao Peng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Freistadt M, Eberle KE, Huang W, Schwarzenberger P. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells support entry and replication of poliovirus: a potential new gene introduction route. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:201-7. [PMID: 23392202 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are critical in sustaining and constantly renewing the blood and immune system. The ability to alter biological characteristics of HSC by introducing and expressing genes would have enormous therapeutic possibilities. Previous unpublished work suggested that human HSC co-express CD34 (cluster of differentiation 34; an HSC marker) and CD155 (poliovirus receptor; also called Necl-5/Tage4/PVR/CD155). In the present study, we demonstrate the co-expression of CD34 and CD155 in primary human HSC. In addition, we demonstrate that poliovirus infects and replicates in human hematopoietic progenitor cell lines. Finally, we show that poliovirus replicates in CD34+ enriched primary HSC. CD34+ enriched HSC co-express CD155 and support poliovirus replication. These data may help further understanding of poliovirus spread in vivo and also demonstrate that human HSC may be amenable for gene therapy via poliovirus-capsid-based vectors. They may also help elucidate the normal function of Necl-5/Tage4/PVR/CD155.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Freistadt
- Science and Math, Delgado Community College, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef and Vpu proteins downregulate the natural killer cell-activating ligand PVR. J Virol 2012; 86:4496-504. [PMID: 22301152 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05788-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evades the immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells through mechanisms that have been partially deciphered. Here we show that in HIV-1-infected T lymphocytes, the early viral Nef protein downmodulates PVR (CD155, Necl-5), a ligand for the activating receptor DNAM-1 (CD226) expressed by all NK cells, CD8(+) T cells, and other cell types. This novel Nef activity is conserved by Nef proteins of laboratory HIV-1 strains (NL4-3, SF2) and of a patient-derived virus, but it is not maintained by HIV-2. Nef uses the same motifs to downregulate PVR and HLA-I molecules, likely by the same mechanisms. Indeed, as previously demonstrated for HLA-I, Nef reduces the total amounts of cell-associated PVR. Optimal downregulation of cell surface PVR by Nef also requires the presence of the late viral factor Vpu. In line with PVR reduction, the NK cell-mediated lysis of T cells infected by a wild-type but not Nef-deficient virus is virtually abrogated upon blocking of both DNAM-1 and another activating receptor, NKG2D, previously shown to mediate killing of HIV-infected cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the PVR downmodulation by Nef and Vpu is a strategy evolved by HIV-1 to prevent NK cell-mediated lysis of infected cells. The PVR downregulation reported here has the potential to affect the immune responses of other DNAM-1-positive cells besides NK cells and to alter multiple PVR-mediated cellular processes, such as adhesion and migration, and may thus greatly influence HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Carlsten M, Norell H, Bryceson YT, Poschke I, Schedvins K, Ljunggren HG, Kiessling R, Malmberg KJ. Primary human tumor cells expressing CD155 impair tumor targeting by down-regulating DNAM-1 on NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4921-30. [PMID: 19801517 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The activating NK cell receptor DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) contributes to tumor immune surveillance and plays a crucial role in NK cell-mediated recognition of several types of human tumors, including ovarian carcinoma. Here, we have analyzed the receptor repertoire and functional integrity of NK cells in peritoneal effusions from patients with ovarian carcinoma. Relative to autologous peripheral blood NK cells, tumor-associated NK cells expressed reduced levels of the DNAM-1, 2B4, and CD16 receptors and were hyporesponsive to HLA class I-deficient K562 cells and to coactivation via DNAM-1 and 2B4. Moreover, tumor-associated NK cells were also refractory to CD16 receptor stimulation, resulting in diminished Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells. Coincubation of NK cells with ovarian carcinoma cells expressing the DNAM-1 ligand CD155 led to reduction of DNAM-1 expression. Therefore, NK cell-mediated rejection of ovarian carcinoma may be limited by perturbed DNAM-1 expression on tumor-associated NK cells induced by chronic ligand exposure. Thus, these data support the notion that tumor-induced alterations of activating NK cell receptor expression may hamper immune surveillance and promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Nectin and nectin-like molecules: biology and pathology. Am J Nephrol 2007; 27:590-604. [PMID: 17823505 DOI: 10.1159/000108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nectins and nectin-like molecules (Necls) are structurally related transmembrane proteins primarily involved in cell adhesion. Nectins and afadin, the adaptor or anchoring protein, stabilize the epithelium and endothelium and establish apical-basal polarity of epithelial cells, independently or in cooperation with other cell adhesion molecules. Necls facilitate cell-cell communication implicated in cell movement and proliferation, immune responses, and cancer cell phenotypes. Necls interact with nectins and specific ligands at cell-cell contacts, whereas Necls associate with integrin alpha v beta 3 and growth factor receptors on the same cell surface. Besides their roles in cell adhesion, nectins regulate the activities of Rho family small G proteins which play critical roles in maintaining the apical junctions of epithelial cells through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Since mice lacking the Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI)alpha show massive proteinuria and degeneration of renal epithelial cells, nectins and other cell adhesion molecules may play roles in the structural and functional aspects of renal diseases. Here we summarize our knowledge of nectins and Necls and discuss cell adhesion biology in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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