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Zhu L, Lei Y, Huang J, An Y, Ren Y, Chen L, Zhao H, Zheng C. Recent advances in oncolytic virus therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172292. [PMID: 37182136 PMCID: PMC10169724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly refractory cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite the development of a detailed treatment strategy for HCC, the survival rate remains unsatisfactory. Oncolytic virus has been extensively researched as a new cancer therapeutic agent in the treatment of HCC. Researchers have designed a variety of recombinant viruses based on natural oncolytic diseases, which can increase the targeting of oncolytic viruses to HCC and their survival in tumors, as well as kill tumor cells and inhibit the growth of HCC through a variety of mechanisms. The overall efficacy of oncolytic virus therapy is known to be influenced by anti-tumor immunity, toxic killing effect and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the multiple oncolytic mechanisms of oncolytic viruses in HCC has been conducted. So far, a large number of relevant clinical trials are under way or have been completed, and some encouraging results have been obtained. Studies have shown that oncolytic virus combined with other HCC therapies may be a feasible method, including local therapy, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In addition, different delivery routes for oncolytic viruses have been studied so far. These studies make oncolytic virus a new and attractive drug for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahang An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanqiao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cisplatin Relocalizes RNA Binding Protein HuR and Enhances the Oncolytic Activity of E4orf6 Deleted Adenovirus. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040809. [PMID: 32230919 PMCID: PMC7226092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of adenoviruses and chemotherapy agents is a novel approach for human cancer therapeutics. A meticulous analysis between adenovirus and chemotherapeutic agents can help to design an effective anticancer therapy. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein that binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) of specific mRNA and is involved in the export and stabilization of ARE-mRNA. Our recent report unveiled that the E4orf6 gene deleted oncolytic adenovirus (dl355) replicated for certain types of cancers where ARE-mRNA is stabilized. This study aimed to investigate whether a combined treatment of dl355 and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) can have a synergistic cell-killing effect on cancer cells. We confirmed the effect of CDDP in nucleocytoplasmic HuR shuttling. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed the enhancement of cancer cell death by apoptosis induction and a significant reduction in tumor growth following combination treatment. These results suggested that combination therapy exerted a synergistic antitumor activity by upregulation of CDDP induced cytoplasmic HuR, which led to ARE mRNA stabilization and increased virus proliferation. Besides, the enhanced cell-killing effect was due to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, the combined treatment of CDDP and dl355 could represent a rational approach for cancer therapy.
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Wang Y, Wang B, Liang J, Cui C, Ying C, Huang F, Ma B, Zhou X, Chu L. Oncolytic viro-chemotherapy exhibits antitumor effect in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells and mouse xenografts. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3285-3294. [PMID: 31114365 PMCID: PMC6489678 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic virus can specifically replicate in and then lyse tumor cells, but seldom in normal cells. Further studies have shown the significant therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy combining with other strategies, such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy et al. In this study, we investigated the combinational effect of oncolytic virus ZD55-TRAIL and chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) on human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: The effect of ZD55-TRAIL combined with DOX on cell growth was assessed in LSCC Hep2 cells and normal cells by MTT assay. Hochest 33342 staining was performed to observe cell morphological changes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptotic activation proteins. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of combination treatment was estimated in laryngeal cancer xenograft models. Results: The combination of ZD55-TRAIL and DOX exhibited enhanced inhibitory effects on laryngocarcinoma cell growth, and had few side effects to normal cells in vitro. Chemotherapy drug increased the inducement of tumor cell apoptosis mediated by oncolytic virus. In vivo experiment confirmed that the combination treatment significantly inhibited Hep2 laryngocarcinoma xenografts growth in mice. Conclusion: The oncolytic viro-chemotherapy is a potent therapeutic approach for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Hep2 cells and xenograft growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Binrong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Ying
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincal People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyun Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Wei D, Xu J, Liu XY, Chen ZN, Bian H. Fighting Cancer with Viruses: Oncolytic Virus Therapy in China. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:151-159. [PMID: 29284308 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of oncolytic virotherapy to treat cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) can selectively infect tumor cells to promote oncolysis of cancer cells, local immunological reactions, and systemic antitumor immunity with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. The immunostimulatory properties of OVs provide enormous benefits for the treatment of cancer. A variety of OVs, including genetically engineered and natural viruses, have shown promise in preclinical models and clinical studies. In 2005, the China Food and Drug Administration approved its first OV drug, Oncorine (H101), for treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. To explore new treatment strategies, >200 recombinant or natural OVs are undergoing in-depth investigation in China, and >250 oncolytic virotherapy-related reports from the OV community in China have been published in the past 5 years. These studies investigated a variety of exogenous genes and combination therapeutic strategies to enhance the treatment effects of OVs. To date, five clinical trials covering four OV agents (Oncorine, OrienX010, KH901, and H103) are ongoing, and additional OV agents are awaiting approval for clinical trials in China. Overall, this research emphasizes that combination therapy, especially tumor immunotherapy coupled with effective system administration strategies, can promote the development of oncolytic virotherapies. This article focuses on studies that were carried out in China in order to give an overview of the past, present, and future of oncolytic virotherapy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wei
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
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Cao W, Tian J, Li C, Gao Y, Liu X, Lu J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Svatek RS, Rodriguez R. A novel bladder cancer - specific oncolytic adenovirus by CD46 and its effect combined with cisplatin against cancer cells of CAR negative expression. Virol J 2017; 14:149. [PMID: 28789701 PMCID: PMC5549334 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditionally replicative oncolytic adenoviruses (CRAds) display significant anti-tumor effects. However, the traditional adenovirus of serotype 5 (Ad5) entering cancer cells via coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) can't be utilized for bladder cancer with low expression of CAR, which limits the application of Ad5. METHODS We utilized Ad5/F11p containing the chimeric fiber gene encoding the Ad5 fiber tail domain and Ad11p fiber shaft and knob domains to construct bladder cancer-specific chimeric type viruses Ad5/F11p-PSCAE-UPII-E1A, which can infect bladder cancer cells mediated by CD46 molecule. We carried out series of experiments in vitro to research anti-tumor effect of Ad5/F11p-PSCAE-UPII-E1A and the interaction in combination with cisplatin. RESULTS The results demonstrated Ad5/F11p-PSCAE-UPII-E1A could infect bladder cancer cells (T24, EJ and 5637) in a CAR-independent way, and exert anti-tumor effect by blocking the cancer cells in G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Ad5/F11p-PSCAE-UPII-E1A plus cisplatin enhanced the anti-proliferative effect and increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with viruses or cisplatin alone. Ad5/F11p-PSCAE-UPII-E1A plus cisplatin could upregulate the proteins expression of p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2 protein expression in T24, EJ and 5637 cells. CONCLUSION We constructed a bladder cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus and provided new combination treatment strategies for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Cao
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Chong Li
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Cui Yingmen 82, Lanzhou, 730030 China
| | - Robert S. Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
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Řezáčová M, Vávrová J, Vokurková D. Ionizing Radiation Sensitizes Leukemic MOLT-4 Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 51:101-5. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of perspective approaches in treatment of hematological malignancies is activation of death receptors for TRAIL. However, leukemia cells studied to date have shown variable susceptibility to TRAIL. Our study demonstrates that cells of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 are resistant to TRAIL and that ionizing radiation in the therapeutically achievable dose of 1 Gy sensitizes TRAIL-resistant cells MOLT-4 to the TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increase in death receptors for TRAIL DR5. When TRAIL is applied after the irradiation in the time of increased DR5 positivity more efficient cell killing is achieved.
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Wang S, Shu J, Chen L, Chen X, Zhao J, Li S, Mou X, Tong X. Synergistic suppression effect on tumor growth of ovarian cancer by combining cisplatin with a manganese superoxide dismutase-armed oncolytic adenovirus. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6381-6388. [PMID: 27799786 PMCID: PMC5074737 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy on the basis of oncolytic adenovirus is a novel approach for human cancer therapeutics. We aim to investigate whether it will synergistically reinforce their antiovarian cancer activities when the combined use of ZD55-manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and cisplatin was performed. The experiments in vitro showed that ZD55-MnSOD enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis and causes remarkable ovarian cancer cell death. Apoptosis induction by treatment with ZD55-MnSOD and/or cisplatin was detected in SKOV-3 by apoptotic cell staining, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. In addition, the cytotoxicity caused by ZD55-MnSOD to normal cells was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and western blot analysis. Animal experiment further confirmed that combination of ZD55-MnSOD and cisplatin achieved significant inhibition of SKOV-3 ovarian tumor xenografted growth. In summary, we have demonstrated that ZD55-MnSOD can sensitize human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced cell death and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the combined treatment with ZD55-MnSOD and cisplatin could represent a rational approach for antiovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibing Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Zhejiang Province
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a cancer treatment in which replication-competent viruses are used that specifically infect, replicate in and lyse malignant tumour cells, while minimizing harm to normal cells. Anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy has existed since the late nineteenth century, but advances and innovations in biotechnological methods in the 1980s and 1990s led to a renewed interest in this type of therapy. Multiple clinical trials investigating the use of agents constructed from a wide range of viruses have since been performed, and several of these enrolled patients with urological malignancies. Data from these clinical trials and from preclinical studies revealed a number of challenges to the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy that have prompted the development of further sophisticated strategies. Urological cancers have a range of distinctive features, such as specific genetic mutations and cell surface markers, which enable improving both effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus treatments. The strategies employed in creating advanced oncolytic agents include alteration of the virus tropism, regulating transcription and translation of viral genes, combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapy, arming viruses with factors that stimulate the immune response against tumour cells and delivery technologies to ensure that the viral agent reaches its target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Delwar
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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Ma B, Wang Y, Zhou X, Huang P, Zhang R, Liu T, Cui C, Liu X, Wang Y. Synergistic suppression effect on tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by combining oncolytic adenovirus carrying XAF1 with cisplatin. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:419-29. [PMID: 25240826 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The potent anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses has been verified in Clinic in recent years. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of most common chemotherapeutic drugs, but is accompanied by side effects and drug resistance. Our previous studies have shown the strategy of cancer -targeting gene-viro-therapy (CTGVT) mediated by the oncolytic virus ZD55 containing the XAF1 cDNA (ZD55-XAF1), which exhibited potent antitumor effects in various tumor cells and no apparent toxicities on normal cells. In the study, the CTGVT strategy is broadened by combining DDP with ZD55-XAF1 for growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS The transgenic expression was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the enhanced inhibitory effect of ZD55-XAF1 combined with cisplatin was assessed in HCC cells. The cytotoxicity on normal liver cells was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptotic cell staining. Activation of caspase-9 and PARP for apoptosis was further detected by Western blot analysis. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of combination treatment with cisplatin and ZD55-XAF1 was estimated in an HCC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS We found that the combination of ZD55-XAF1 and cisplatin showed enhanced inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and tumor growth in mice. Furthermore, the combined treatment of ZD55-XAF1 and DDP decreases the chemotherapy dose needed to achieve the same inhibitory effect without overlapping toxicities on normal liver cells and induces tumor cell apoptosis via the activation of caspase-9/PARP pathway. CONCLUSION Thus, these data suggest that the chemo-gene-viro-therapeutic strategy by combining ZD55-XAF1 and DDP reveals a novel therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Ma
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xiao E, Lu J, Fu S, Wang Z. Combination of bladder cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus gene therapy with cisplatin on bladder cancer in vitro. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10879-90. [PMID: 25085582 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A, carrying E1A gene regulated by human Uroplakin II (UPII) promoter and prostate stem cell antigen enhancer (PSCAE), could kill bladder tumor cells preferentially. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A combined with cisplatin on human bladder cancer cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms. The combined effects of Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A and cisplatin on EJ, 5637, and BIU-87 bladder cancer cells were evaluated by MTT cell proliferation assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V (annexin V-FITC) and propidium iodide staining. The activation of the caspase pathway and the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined by western blot assay. Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A adenovirus vector could infect bladder cancer cell lines selectively and induce growth inhibition effectively. Of note, the combination treatment of cisplatin and Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A could inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells significantly compared with the "alone" treatment. Furthermore, Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A plus cisplatin combined treatment resulted in enhanced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. The enhanced antitumor effects in vitro elicited by Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A plus cisplatin were closely related to the increased Fas expression and cleavage of caspase-8 and Bid and decrease in the ratio of anti- to pro-apoptotic proteins followed by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which may contribute to the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Our results indicate that the combination of Ad/PSCAE/UPII/E1A with cisplatin exerts a synergistic antitumor effect on human bladder cancer cells and is a potential combined treatment strategy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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Li F, Guo Y, Han L, Duan Y, Fang F, Niu S, Ba Q, Zhu H, Kong F, Lin C, Wen X. In vitro and in vivo growth inhibition of drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells using a combination of cisplatin and a TRAIL-encoding retrovirus. Oncol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23205123 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses encoding the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene were generated by transient transfection of the retrovirus packing cell line BOSC 23 using TRAIL-encoding plasmid. The retrovirus was able to transduce drug-resistant A2780/DDP ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and induce TRAIL expression in the cells, as detected by western blot assay. Furthermore, the TRAIL protein led to the growth inhibition of the cells via a caspase-activated apoptotic mechanism. It was confirmed that exposure of such cells to cisplatin in combination with the TRAIL-encoding retrovirus resulted in higher anticancer activity in vitro and in the xenograft A2780/DDP tumor in a nude mouse model. This study suggests that chemotherapy in combination with TRAIL gene therapy may be an efficient approach to treat drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Cervical Disease Centre, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040; ; The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nano Biomedicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
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Cun B, Song X, Jia R, Zhao X, Wang H, Ge S, Fan X. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus and dacarbazine attenuates antitumor ability against uveal melanoma cells via cell cycle block. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:77-84. [PMID: 22336909 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.13.2.18436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults; however, current therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, have not been successful. Oncolytic viruses serve as an emerging gene therapy tool for cancer treatment because they specifically kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells. The oncolytic virus H101 has been approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain malignancies. Unfortunately, the monotherapy of adenovirus has demonstrated limited efficacy in a clinical setting. Thus, novel treatment strategies in which an oncolytic virus is combined with existing chemicals are advancing toward potential clinical use. In this study, we chose the combination of oncolytic virus H101 and the alkylating agent dacarbazine (DTIC) to treat uveal melanoma cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the combination exerted a synergistic antitumor effect without enhanced toxicity to normal cells via a type of cell cycle block other than the induction of apoptosis. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific underlying mechanisms of this co-treatment therapy. Our study suggests the viro-chemo combination therapy is feasible and is a potentially promising approach for the treatment of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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You L, Wang Y, Jin Y, Qian W. Downregulation of Mcl-1 synergizes the apoptotic response to combined treatment with cisplatin and a novel fiber chimeric oncolytic adenovirus. Oncol Rep 2012; 27:971-8. [PMID: 22266706 PMCID: PMC3583558 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SG511, a novel fiber chimeric oncolytic adenovirus with E1B 55-kDa deleted, combined with cisplatin on cancer cells and to identify their underlying mechanisms. The combined effect of SG511 and cisplatin on HeLa and HT-29 cells was assessed by a crystal violet assay and an MTT assay, followed by combination index analysis. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by DAPI staining and visualized by fluorescein-mediated signal detection. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometric analysis of Rhodamine 123 accumulation. The activation of the caspase pathway and the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were examined by western blotting. Results show that SG511 vector infected various human cancer cell lines and induced growth inhibition effectively. Of note, SG511 synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of cisplatin, a DNA-damaging agent, against HeLa and HT-29 cells in vitro, concomitantly with increased apoptosis and activation of the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, treatment with SG511 alone or in combination with cisplatin resulted in reduced expression the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 in HeLa and HT-29 cells. Importantly, this combination did not increase the growth inhibitory effects of cisplatin on human normal liver cells. Collectively, SG511, a novel fiber chimeric oncolytic adenovirus, sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis by reducing anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
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Dhurandhar EJ, Dubuisson O, Mashtalir N, Krishnapuram R, Hegde V, Dhurandhar NV. E4orf1: a novel ligand that improves glucose disposal in cell culture. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23394. [PMID: 21886789 PMCID: PMC3160302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing dietary fat intake and excess adiposity, the cornerstones of behavioral treatment of insulin resistance (IR), are marginally successful over the long term. Ad36, a human adenovirus, offers a template to improve IR, independent of dietary fat intake or adiposity. Ad36 increases cellular glucose uptake via a Ras-mediated activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K), and improves hyperglycemia in mice, despite a high-fat diet and without reducing adiposity. Ex-vivo studies suggest that Ad36 improves hyperglycemia in mice by increasing glucose uptake by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and by reducing hepatic glucose output. It is impractical to use Ad36 for therapeutic action. Instead, we investigated if the E4orf1 protein of Ad36, mediates its anti-hyperglycemic action. Such a candidate protein may offer an attractive template for therapeutic development. Experiment-1 determined that Ad36 'requires' E4orf1 protein to up-regulate cellular glucose uptake. Ad36 significantly increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which was abrogated by knocking down E4orf1 with siRNA. Experiment-2 identified E4orf1 as 'sufficient' to up-regulate glucose uptake. 3T3-L1 cells that inducibly express E4orf1, increased glucose uptake in an induction-dependent manner, compared to null vector control cells. E4orf1 up-regulated PI3K pathway and increased abundance of Ras--the obligatory molecule in Ad36-induced glucose uptake. Experiment-3: Signaling studies of cells transiently transfected with E4orf1 or a null vector, revealed that E4orf1 may activate Ras/PI3K pathway by binding to Drosophila discs-large (Dlg1) protein. E4orf1 activated total Ras and, particularly the H-Ras isoform. By mutating the PDZ domain binding motif (PBM) of E4orf1, Experiment-4 showed that E4orf1 requires its PBM to increase Ras activation or glucose uptake. Experiment-5: In-vitro, a transient transfection by E4orf1 significantly increased glucose uptake in preadipocytes, adipocytes, or myoblasts, and reduced glucose output by hepatocytes. Thus, the highly attractive anti-hyperglycemic effect of Ad36 is mirrored by E4orf1 protein, which may offer a novel ligand to develop anti-hyperglycemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Dhurandhar
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Olga Dubuisson
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rashmi Krishnapuram
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nikhil V. Dhurandhar
- Infections and Obesity Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Jiang G, Xin Y, Zheng JN, Liu YQ. Combining conditionally replicating adenovirus-mediated gene therapy with chemotherapy: a novel antitumor approach. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:263-74. [PMID: 21509783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and innovations in the therapy of specific cancers, effective treatment of neoplastic diseases still presents major challenges. Recent studies have shown that conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) not only have the ability to destroy cancer cells but may also be potential vectors for the expression of therapeutic genes. Several studies in animal models have demonstrated that the combination of CRAds-mediated gene therapy and chemotherapy has greater therapeutic benefit than either treatment modality alone. In this review, an overview of specifications for a novel antitumor approach combining CRAd-gene therapy and chemotherapy is provided and recent progress in this field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jiang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou 221006, China
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16
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging experimental treatment platform for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are replicative-competent viruses that are engineered to replicate selectively in cancer cells with specified oncogenic phenotypes. Multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been clinically tested in a variety of tumors. This review will provide a brief description of these novel anticancer biologics and will summarize the results of clinical investigation. To date oncolytic virotherapy has shown to be safe, and has generated clinical responses in tumors that are resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The major challenge for researchers is to maximize the efficacy of these viral therapeutics, and to establish stable systemic delivery mechanisms.
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Cherubini G, Naim V, Caruso P, Burla R, Bogliolo M, Cundari E, Benihoud K, Saggio I, Rosselli F. The FANC pathway is activated by adenovirus infection and promotes viral replication-dependent recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:5459-73. [PMID: 21421559 PMCID: PMC3141233 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the crosstalk between a host cell and a virus during infection is important not only to better define viral biology but also to improve our understanding of cellular processes. We identified the FANC pathway as a helper of viral replication and recombination by searching for cellular targets that are modified by adenovirus (Ad) infection and are involved in its outcome. This pathway, which is involved in the DNA damage response and checkpoint control, is altered in Fanconi anaemia, a rare cancer predisposition syndrome. We show here that Ad5 infection activates the FANC pathway independent of the classical DNA damage response. Infection with a non-replicating Ad shows that the presence of viral DNA is not sufficient to induce the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 but still activates the DNA damage response coordinated by phospho-NBS1 and phospho-CHK1. E1A expression alone fails to induce FANCD2 monoubiquitination, indicating that a productive viral infection and/or replication is required for FANC pathway activation. Our data indicate that Ad5 infection induces FANCD2 activation to promote its own replication. Specifically, we show that FANCD2 is involved in the recombination process that accompanies viral DNA replication. This study provides evidence of a DNA damage-independent function of the FANC pathway and identifies a cellular system involved in Ad5 recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Cherubini
- University Paris-Sud, UMR8200 CNRS, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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van der Laan LJW, Wang Y, Tilanus HW, Janssen HLA, Pan Q. AAV-mediated gene therapy for liver diseases: the prime candidate for clinical application? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:315-27. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.548799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Jiang G, Liu YQ, Wei ZP, Pei DS, Mao LJ, Zheng JN. Enhanced anti-tumor activity by the combination of a conditionally replicating adenovirus mediated interleukin-24 and dacarbazine against melanoma cells via induction of apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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The efficacy of combination therapy using adeno-associated virus-TRAIL targeting to telomerase activity and cisplatin in a mice model of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1827-37. [PMID: 20213096 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) functions as a soluble cytokine and has been demonstrated significant antitumor activity against a variety of cancer cell lines without toxicity to most normal cells. Cisplatin is a potent anticancer agent and is widely used in the clinical for treatment of human cancers. Adeno-associated virus (AAV2) is a promising gene delivery vehicle for its advantage of low pathogenicity and long-term gene expression. However, lack of tissue specificity caused low efficiency of AAV transfer to target cells. The promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a good candidate to enhance targeting efficiency of AAV in cancer cells. Although AAV-mediated TRAIL controlled by hTERT promoter (AAV-hTERT-TRAIL) has obvious antitumor activity, the tumor cannot be completely eradicated. In this study, we first examined the effectiveness of combination therapy of cisplatin and AAV-hTERT-TRAIL on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For in vitro experiments, tumor cell lines were treated with cisplatin, virus, or both. The transgene TRAIL expression controlled by hTERT promoter was evaluated in BEL7404 HCC cell line. Cytotoxicity was performed by MTT analysis. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of combination treatment with cisplatin and AAV-hTERT-TRAIL was assessed in human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts mouse model. RESULTS The enhanced TRAIL expression was observed in BEL7404 cells treated with AAV-hTERT-TRAIL plus cisplatin. Treatment with both AAV-hTERT-TRAIL and cisplatin exhibited stronger cytotoxicity and induced more significant apoptosis in cancer cells compared with AAV-hTERT-TRAIL or cisplatin alone, respectively. Moreover, in animal experiments, the combined treatment greatly suppressed tumor growth and resulted in tumor cell death. CONCLUSIONS AAV-mediated therapeutic gene expression in combination with chemotherapy provides a promising therapeutic strategy for human cancers. These data suggest that combined use of AAV-hTERT-TRAIL and cisplatin may have potential clinical application.
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Zhang KX, Jia W, Rennie PS. Bioengineered viral vectors for targeting and killing prostate cancer cells. Bioeng Bugs 2010; 1:92-6. [PMID: 21326934 PMCID: PMC3026449 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.2.11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enabling the transduction of therapeutic gene expression exclusively in diseased sites is the key to developing more effective treatments for advanced prostate cancer using viral-based therapy. While prostate cancers that express high levels of HER-2 are resistant to the killing effects of trastuzumab, they can be targeted for selective gene expression and destruction by lentiviruses with envelope proteins engineered to bind to this therapeutic antibody. More importantly, after intravenous injection, this trastuzumab-bound lentivirus is able to target castration-resistant prostate tumor xenografts, albeit with low efficiency. This proof of principle opens up multiple possibilities for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer using a viral-based therapy. However, to be safe and more effective, the viral vectors must target prostate cancer cells more selectively and efficiently. A higher degree of specificity and efficiency of cancer cell targeting can be achieved by engineering viral vectors to bind to a specific cell surface marker and by controlling the expression of the therapeutic payload at transcriptional level, with a tissue-specific promoter, and at the translational level, with a regulatory sequences inserted into either the 5'UTR or 3'UTR regions of the therapeutic gene(s). The latter would be designed to ensure that translation of this mRNA occurs exclusively in malignant cells. Furthermore, in order to obtain a potent anti-tumor effect, viral vectors would be engineered to express pro-apoptotic genes, intra-cellar antibodies/nucleotide aptamers to block critical proteins, or siRNAs to knockdown essential cellular mRNAs. Alternatively, controlled expression of an essential viral gene would restore replication competence to the virus and enable selective oncolysis of tumor cells. Successful delivery of such bioengineered viruses may provide a more effective way to treat advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-xin Zhang
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Dichloroacetate (DCA) enhances tumor cell death in combination with oncolytic adenovirus armed with MDA-7/IL-24. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:31-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ottolino-Perry K, Diallo JS, Lichty BD, Bell JC, McCart JA. Intelligent design: combination therapy with oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther 2009; 18:251-63. [PMID: 20029399 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer remains an incurable disease in the majority of cases and thus novel treatment strategies such as oncolytic virotherapy are rapidly advancing toward clinical use. In order to be successful, it is likely that some type of combination therapy will be necessary to have a meaningful impact on this disease. Although it may be tempting to simply combine an oncolytic virus with the existing standard radiation or chemotherapeutics, the long-term goal of such treatments must be to have a rational, potentially synergistic combination strategy that can be safely and easily used in the clinical setting. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy with existing radiotherapy and chemotherapy modalities is reviewed along with novel biologic therapies including immunotherapies, in order to help investigators make intelligent decisions during the clinical development of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ottolino-Perry
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Nemunaitis J, Tong AW, Nemunaitis M, Senzer N, Phadke AP, Bedell C, Adams N, Zhang YA, Maples PB, Chen S, Pappen B, Burke J, Ichimaru D, Urata Y, Fujiwara T. A phase I study of telomerase-specific replication competent oncolytic adenovirus (telomelysin) for various solid tumors. Mol Ther 2009; 18:429-34. [PMID: 19935775 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine the clinical safety of Telomelysin, a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter driven modified oncolytic adenovirus, in patients with advanced solid tumors. A single intratumoral injection (IT) of Telomelysin was administered to three cohorts of patients (1 x 10(10), 1 x 10(11), 1 x 10(12) viral particles). Safety, response and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. Sixteen patients with a variety of solid tumors were enrolled. IT of Telomelysin was well tolerated at all dose levels. Common grade 1 and 2 toxicities included injection site reactions (pain, induration) and systemic reactions (fever, chills). hTERT expression was demonstrated at biopsy in 9 of 12 patients. Viral DNA was transiently detected in plasma in 13 of 16 patients. Viral DNA was detectable in four patients in plasma or sputum at day 7 and 14 post-treatment despite below detectable levels at 24 h, suggesting viral replication. One patient had a partial response of the injected malignant lesion. Seven patients fulfilled Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) definition for stable disease at day 56 after treatment. Telomelysin was well tolerated. Evidence of antitumor activity was suggested.
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25
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Henson ES, Johnston JB, Gibson SB. The role of TRAIL death receptors in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:27-35. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190701713655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Deng C, Shao Z, Xiong X, Liu Z, Zhang Z. The expression of TRAIL and its receptors in osteosarcoma cells and the apoptosis effect of a combination of TRAIL, adriamycin and IFN-γ on MG-63 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1007-4376(09)60065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen L, Chen D, Gong M, Na M, Li L, Wu H, Jiang L, Qian Y, Fang G, Xue X. Concomitant use of Ad5/35 chimeric oncolytic adenovirus with TRAIL gene and taxol produces synergistic cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:141-8. [PMID: 19447545 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric adenoviral vectors possessing fiber derived from human adenovirus subgroup B (Ad35) have been developed for their high infection efficiency in cell types which are refractory to adenovirus serotype 5 (Subgroup C). The present study constructed an E1B-deleted chimeric oncolytic adenovirus, SG235-TRAIL, which carries a human TRAIL gene expression cassette and whose fiber shaft and knob domains are from serotype Ad35. It was found that SG235-TRAIL preferentially replicated in gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-7901 and BGC-823 compared to in normal human fibroblast BJ cells. Also, when compared with a replication-deficient chimeric vector Ad5/35-TRAIL, SG235-TRAIL mediated a higher level of the transgene expression via viral replication in the cancer cells. Further, because of the more efficient cell-entry and infection, SG235-TRAIL induced stronger cell apoptosis than the Ad5 CRAD vector, ZD55-TRAIL. In addition, SG235-TRAIL in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug, taxol, produced a synergistic cytotoxic effect in cancer cells in vitro without causing significant toxicity to normal cells. In the gastric tumor xenograft mouse model, intratumoral SG235-TRAIL injection produced a significant antitumor effect 14 days after treatment. Pathological examination demonstrated TRAIL expression and associated apoptosis in majority of SG235-TRAIL-treated tumor cells. These results suggest that SG235-TRAIL is a potential novel, efficient anti-cancer agent, and in combination with taxol, it would be even more useful with considerably low toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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28
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Enhancement of tumor cell death by combining cisplatin with an oncolytic adenovirus carrying MDA-7/IL-24. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:467-77. [PMID: 19270721 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to creatively implement a novel chemo-gene-virotherapeutic strategy and further strengthen the antitumor effect in cancer cells by the combined use of ZD55-IL-24 and cisplatin. METHODS ZD55-IL-24 is an oncolytic adenovirus that harbors interleukin 24 (IL-24), which has a strong antitumor effect and was identified and evaluated by PCR, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Enhancement of cancer cell death using a combination of ZD55-IL-24 and cisplatin was assessed in several cancer cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cytopathic effect (CPE) assay. Apoptosis induction by treatment with ZD55-IL-24 and/or cisplatin was detected in BEL7404 and SMMC7721 by morphological evaluation, apoptotic cell staining, and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, negative effects on normal cells were evaluated in the L-02 cell line using the MTT assay, the CPE assay, morphological evaluation, apoptotic cell staining, and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The combination of ZD55-IL-24 and cisplatin, which is superior to ZD55-IL-24, cisplatin, and ZD55-EGFP, as well as ZD55-EGFP plus cisplatin, resulted in a significantly increased effect. Most importantly, conjugation of ZD55-IL-24 with cisplatin had toxic effects equal to that of cisplatin and did not have overlapping toxicities in normal cells. CONCLUSION This study showed that ZD55-IL-24 conjugated with cisplatin exhibited a remarkably increased cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effect in cancer cells and significantly reduced the toxicity in normal cells through the use of a reduced dose.
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Abstract
Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) have many advantages as agents for cancer virotherapy and have been safely used in human clinical trials. However, replicating adenoviruses have been limited in their ability to eliminate tumors by oncolysis. Thus, the efficacy of these agents must be improved. To this end, CRAds have been engineered to express therapeutic transgenes that exert antitumor effects independent of direct viral oncolysis. These transgenes can be expressed under native gene control elements, in which case placement within the genome determines the expression profile, or they can be controlled by exogenous promoters. The therapeutic transgenes used to arm replicating adenoviruses can be broadly classified into three groups. There are those that mediate killing of the infected cell, those that modulate the tumor microenvironment and those with immunomodulatory functions. Overall, the studies to date in animal models have shown that arming a CRAd with a rationally chosen therapeutic transgene can improve its antitumor efficacy over that of an unarmed CRAd. However, a number of obstacles must be overcome before the full potential of armed CRAds can be realized in the human clinical context. Hence, strategies are being developed to permit intravenous delivery to disseminated cancer cells, overcome the immune response and enable in vivo monitoring of the biodistribution and activity of armed CRAds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cody
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Yap TA, Brunetto A, Pandha H, Harrington K, Debono JS. Reovirus therapy in cancer: has the orphan virus found a home? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 17:1925-35. [PMID: 19012507 DOI: 10.1517/13543780802533401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been great interest in the development of oncolytic viruses - viruses that selectively destroy tumour cells - as cancer therapeutics. Reovirus holds great promise as an anticancer therapy, not just because it is a wild type virus that inherently displays selective tumour cytotoxicity in cancers with active Ras signalling pathways but also because it results only in relatively benign infections with few minor symptoms. As many tumours have an activated Ras pathway, the potential for utilizing reovirus as an effective anticancer agent is substantial. The several challenges that need to be overcome in the development of oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents, including issues of systemic toxicity, tumour selectivity and immune response, are addressed in this review. Clinical studies with the objective of developing Reolysin (human reovirus serotype 3 Dearing) as a human cancer therapeutic are currently underway. The first human Phase I study with intravenous Reolysin has now been completed and further studies, including Phase I and II clinical trials using Reolysin alone and in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, delivered via local or systemic intravenous administration, have commenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Rogers PM, Mashtalir N, Rathod MA, Dubuisson O, Wang Z, Dasuri K, Babin S, Gupta A, Markward N, Cefalu WT, Dhurandhar NV. Metabolically favorable remodeling of human adipose tissue by human adenovirus type 36. Diabetes 2008; 57:2321-31. [PMID: 18599527 PMCID: PMC2518483 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental infection of rats with human adenovirus type 36 (Ad-36) promotes adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity in a manner reminiscent of the pharmacologic effect of thiozolinediones. To exploit the potential of the viral proteins as a therapeutic target for treating insulin resistance, this study investigated the ability of Ad-36 to induce metabolically favorable changes in human adipose tissue. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We determined whether Ad-36 increases glucose uptake in human adipose tissue explants. Cell-signaling pathways targeted by Ad-36 to increase glucose uptake were determined in the explants and human adipose-derived stem cells. Ad-2, a nonadipogenic human adenovirus, was used as a negative control. As a proof of concept, nondiabetic and diabetic subjects were screened for the presence of Ad-36 antibodies to ascertain if natural Ad-36 infection predicted improved glycemic control. RESULTS Ad-36 increased glucose uptake by adipose tissue explants obtained from nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Without insulin stimulation, Ad-36 upregulated expressions of several proadipogenic genes, adiponectin, and fatty acid synthase and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in a phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. In turn, the activation of PI3K by Ad-36 was independent of insulin receptor signaling but dependent on Ras signaling recruited by Ad-36. Ad-2 was nonadipogenic and did not increase glucose uptake. Natural Ad-36 infection in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects was associated with significantly lower fasting glucose levels and A1C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ad-36 proteins may provide novel therapeutic targets that remodel human adipose tissue to a more metabolically favorable profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Rogers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Miloni A. Rathod
- Department of Nutrition, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Olga Dubuisson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Zhong Wang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kumar Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Babin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alok Gupta
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nathan Markward
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William T. Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nikhil V. Dhurandhar
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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