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Watanabe-Asaka T, Hayashi M, Harada T, Uemura S, Takai J, Nakamura Y, Moriguchi T, Kawai Y. Perturbed collagen metabolism underlies lymphatic recanalization failure in Gata2 heterozygous deficient mice. J Biochem 2024; 175:551-560. [PMID: 38168819 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema has become a global health issue following the growing number of cancer surgeries. Curative or supportive therapeutics have long been awaited for this refractory condition. Transcription factor GATA2 is crucial in lymphatic development and maintenance, as GATA2 haploinsufficient disease often manifests as lymphedema. We recently demonstrated that Gata2 heterozygous deficient mice displayed delayed lymphatic recanalization upon lymph node resection. However, whether GATA2 contributes to lymphatic regeneration by functioning in the damaged lymph vessels' microenvironment remains explored. In this study, our integrated analysis demonstrated that dermal collagen fibers were more densely accumulated in the Gata2 heterozygous deficient mice. The collagen metabolism-related transcriptome was perturbed, and collagen matrix contractile activity was aberrantly increased in Gata2 heterozygous embryonic fibroblasts. Notably, soluble collagen placement ameliorated delayed lymphatic recanalization, presumably by modulating the stiffness of the extracellular matrix around the resection site of Gata2 heterozygous deficient mice. Our results provide valuable insights into mechanisms underlying GATA2-haploinsufficiency-mediated lymphedema and shed light on potential therapeutic avenues for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Division of Physiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Moyuru Hayashi
- Division of Physiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Takuya Harada
- Division of Physiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine 983-8536 Japan
| | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiko Kawai
- Division of Physiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, School of Medicine
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Vizzoni L, Migone C, Grassiri B, Zambito Y, Ferro B, Roncucci P, Mori F, Salvatore A, Ascione E, Crea R, Esin S, Batoni G, Piras AM. Biopharmaceutical Assessment of Mesh Aerosolised Plasminogen, a Step towards ARDS Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1618. [PMID: 37376068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe complication of lung injuries, commonly associated with bacterial, fungal and viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. ARDS is strongly correlated with patient mortality and its clinical management is very complex, with no effective treatment presently available. ARDS involves severe respiratory failure, fibrin deposition in both airways and lung parenchyma, with the development of an obstructing hyaline membrane drastically limiting gas exchange. Moreover, hypercoagulation is related to deep lung inflammation, and a pharmacological action toward both aspects is expected to be beneficial. Plasminogen (PLG) is a main component of the fibrinolytic system playing key roles in various inflammation regulatory processes. The inhalation of PLG has been proposed in the form of the off-label administration of an eyedrop solution, namely, a plasminogen-based orphan medicinal product (PLG-OMP), by means of jet nebulisation. Being a protein, PLG is susceptible to partial inactivation under jet nebulisation. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate the efficacy of the mesh nebulisation of PLG-OMP in an in vitro simulation of clinical off-label administration, considering both the enzymatic and immunomodulating activities of PLG. Biopharmaceutical aspects are also investigated to corroborate the feasibility of PLG-OMP administration by inhalation. The nebulisation of the solution was performed using an Aerogen® SoloTM vibrating-mesh nebuliser. Aerosolised PLG showed an optimal in vitro deposition profile, with 90% of the active ingredient impacting the lower portions of a glass impinger. The nebulised PLG remained in its monomeric form, with no alteration of glycoform composition and 94% of enzymatic activity maintenance. Activity loss was observed only when PLG-OMP nebulisation was performed under simulated clinical oxygen administration. In vitro investigations evidenced good penetration of aerosolised PLG through artificial airway mucus, as well as poor permeation across an Air-Liquid Interface model of pulmonary epithelium. The results suggest a good safety profile of inhalable PLG, excluding high systemic absorption but with good mucus diffusion. Most importantly, the aerosolised PLG was capable of reversing the effects of an LPS-activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line, demonstrating the immunomodulating activity of PLG in an already induced inflammatory state. All physical, biochemical and biopharmaceutical assessments of mesh aerosolised PLG-OMP provided evidence for its potential off-label administration as a treatment for ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vizzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Migone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods "NUTRAFOOD", University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Baldassare Ferro
- Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Paolo Roncucci
- Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Filippo Mori
- Kedrion S.p.A., Via di Fondovalle, Loc. Bolognana, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Salvatore
- Kedrion S.p.A., Via di Fondovalle, Loc. Bolognana, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
| | - Ester Ascione
- Kedrion S.p.A., Via di Fondovalle, Loc. Bolognana, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
| | - Roberto Crea
- Kedrion S.p.A., Via di Fondovalle, Loc. Bolognana, 55027 Gallicano, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrument Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Repurposing of Plasminogen: An Orphan Medicinal Product Suitable for SARS-CoV-2 Inhalable Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120425. [PMID: 33260813 PMCID: PMC7761183 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with pulmonary coagulopathy, which determines the deposition of fibrin in the air spaces and lung parenchyma. The resulting lung lesions compromise patient pulmonary function and increase mortality, or end in permanent lung damage for those who have recovered from the COVID-19 disease. Therefore, local pulmonary fibrinolysis can be efficacious in degrading pre-existing fibrin clots and reducing the conversion of lung lesions into lasting scars. Plasminogen is considered a key player in fibrinolysis processes, and in view of a bench-to-bedside translation, we focused on the aerosolization of an orphan medicinal product (OMP) for ligneous conjunctivitis: human plasminogen (PLG-OMP) eye drops. As such, the sterile and preservative-free solution guarantees the pharmaceutical quality of GMP production and meets the Ph. Eur. requirements of liquid preparations for nebulization. PLG-OMP aerosolization was evaluated both from technological and stability viewpoints, after being submitted to either jet or ultrasonic nebulization. Jet nebulization resulted in a more efficient delivery of an aerosol suitable for pulmonary deposition. The biochemical investigation highlighted substantial protein integrity maintenance with the percentage of native plasminogen band > 90%, in accordance with the quality specifications of PLG-OMP. In a coherent way, the specific activity of plasminogen is maintained within the range 4.8–5.6 IU/mg (PLG-OMP pre-nebulization: 5.0 IU/mg). This is the first study that focuses on the technological and biochemical aspects of aerosolized plasminogen, which could affect both treatment efficacy and clinical dosage delivery. Increasing evidence for the need of local fibrinolytic therapy could merge with the availability of PLG-OMP as an easy handling solution, readily aerosolizable for a fast translation into an extended clinical efficacy assessment in COVID-19 patients.
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Chen MT, Yang YJ, Li YS, Li XJ, Zhang WK, Wang JP, Wang X, Tian GH, Tang HB. Shengfu Oil Enhances the Healing of Full-Thickness Scalded Skin Accompanying the Differential Regulation of β-Catenin, Dlk1, and COX-2. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:801. [PMID: 29163181 PMCID: PMC5681749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shengfu oil is a traditional Chinese medicine formula containing 16 ingredients, including Scutellariae radix, Olibanum, and Rehmanniae radix. In this study, we aimed to enhance the wound healing of rabbit full-thickness scalded skin by Shengfu oil and to elucidate its regulatory effects on β-catenin, Dlk1, and COX-2. We found that Shengfu oil exhibited significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. The structure of wound tissues in Shengfu oil group was intact, including regenerated cutaneous appendages, indicating better healing capability of Shengfu oil compared to the controls. The protein expression of β-catenin, Dlk1, and COX-2 in wound tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry staining and were further quantitated with the use of multispectral imaging analysis. The protein expression of β-catenin and Dlk1 in the Shengfu oil group was higher than that in the sesame oil group in early wound repair, accompanied by the lower expression of COX-2; the protein expression of β-catenin decreased in the middle of wound healing; the protein expression of β-catenin and Dlk1 increased at the end of wound healing. These results strongly suggest that Shengfu oil can enhance wound healing by regulating the expression of β-catenin, Dlk1, and COX-2 due to its excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Tang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Sang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei K Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Ping Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tian
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Evidence Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Bridging the gap between traditional cell cultures and bioreactors applied in regenerative medicine: practical experiences with the MINUSHEET perfusion culture system. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:179-96. [PMID: 25894791 PMCID: PMC4754254 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet specific requirements of developing tissues urgently needed in tissue engineering, biomaterial research and drug toxicity testing, a versatile perfusion culture system was developed. First an individual biomaterial is selected and then mounted in a MINUSHEET(®) tissue carrier. After sterilization the assembly is transferred by fine forceps to a 24 well culture plate for seeding cells or mounting tissue on it. To support spatial (3D) development a carrier can be placed in various types of perfusion culture containers. In the basic version a constant flow of culture medium provides contained tissue with always fresh nutrition and respiratory gas. For example, epithelia can be transferred to a gradient container, where they are exposed to different fluids at the luminal and basal side. To observe development of tissue under the microscope, in a different type of container a transparent lid and base are integrated. Finally, stem/progenitor cells are incubated in a container filled by an artificial interstitium to support spatial development. In the past years the described system was applied in numerous own and external investigations. To present an actual overview of resulting experimental data, the present paper was written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lucia Denk
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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González-Miguel J, Siles-Lucas M, Kartashev V, Morchón R, Simón F. Plasmin in Parasitic Chronic Infections: Friend or Foe? Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:325-335. [PMID: 26775037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin is the final product of the fibrinolytic system, the physiological mechanism responsible for dissolving fibrin clots. Its broad-range proteolytic activity implies that interaction with fibrinolysis and recruitment of plasmin by blood and tissue parasites is an important mechanism that mediates the invasion and establishment of this kind of pathogen in the hosts. However, recent studies have linked an excess of plasmin generated by this interaction with serious pathological events at the vascular level, including the proliferation and migration of arterial wall cells, inflammation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, we present data that support the need to reconsider the role of plasmin, as well as its benefits or drawbacks, in the context of host-parasite relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Vladimir Kartashev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-na-Donu, Russia
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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González-Miguel J, Morchón R, Siles-Lucas M, Oleaga A, Simón F. Surface-displayed glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and galectin from Dirofilaria immitis enhance the activation of the fibrinolytic system of the host. Acta Trop 2015; 145:8-16. [PMID: 25666684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a filaroid parasite whose adult worms live for years in the vascular system of its host. Previous studies have shown that D. immitis can use their excretory/secretory (ES) and surface antigens to enhance fibrinolysis, which could limit the formation of clots in its surrounding environment. Moreover, several isoforms of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and galectin (GAL) were identified in both antigenic extracts as plasminogen-binding proteins. The aim of this work is to study the interaction of the GAPDH and GAL of D. immitis with the fibrinolytic system of the host. This study includes the cloning, sequencing and expression of the recombinant forms of the GAPDH and GAL of D. immitis (rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL) and the analysis of their capacity as plasminogen-binding proteins. The results indicate that rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL are able to bind plasminogen and stimulate plasmin generation by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This interaction needs the involvement of lysine residues, many of which are located externally in both proteins as have been shown by the molecular modeling of their secondary structures. In addition, we show that rDiGAPDH and rDiGAL enhance the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on canine endothelial cells in culture and that both proteins are expressed on the surface of D. immitis in close contact with the blood of the host. These data suggest that D. immitis could use the associated surface GAPDH and GAL as physiological plasminogen receptors to shift the fibrinolytic balance towards the generation of plasmin, which might constitute a survival mechanism to avoid the clot formation in its intravascular habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ana Oleaga
- Laboratory of Parasitology, IRNASA, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Simón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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González-Miguel J, Morchón R, Siles-Lucas M, Simón F. Fibrinolysis and proliferative endarteritis: two related processes in chronic infections? The model of the blood-borne pathogen Dirofilaria immitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124445. [PMID: 25875022 PMCID: PMC4395379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between blood-borne pathogens and fibrinolysis is one of the most important mechanisms that mediate invasion and the establishment of infectious agents in their hosts. However, overproduction of plasmin (final product of the route) has been related in other contexts to proliferation and migration of the arterial wall cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix. We have recently identified fibrinolysis-activating antigens from Dirofilaria immitis, a blood-borne parasite whose key pathological event (proliferative endarteritis) is produced by similar mechanisms to those indicated above. The objective of this work is to study how two of this antigens [actin (ACT) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBAL)] highly conserved in pathogens, activate fibrinolysis and to establish a relationship between this activation and the development of proliferative endarteritis during cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. We demonstrate that both proteins bind plasminogen, enhance plasmin generation, stimulate the expression of the fibrinolytic activators tPA and uPA in endothelial cell cultures and are located on the surface of the worm in contact with the host’s blood. ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were employed for this purpose. Additionally, the implication of lysine residues in this interaction was analyzed by bioinformatics. The involvement of plasmin generated by the ACT/FBAL and plasminogen binding in cell proliferation and migration, and degradation of the extracellular matrix were shown in an “in vitro” model of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in culture. The obtained results indicate that ACT and FBAL from D. immitis activate fibrinolysis, which could be used by the parasite like a survival mechanism to avoid the clot formation. However, long-term overproduction of plasmin can trigger pathological events similar to those described in the emergence of proliferative endarteritis. Due to the high degree of evolutionary conservation of these antigens, similar processes may occur in other blood-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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González-Miguel J, Morchón R, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA, Simón F. Can the activation of plasminogen/plasmin system of the host by metabolic products of Dirofilaria immitis participate in heartworm disease endarteritis? Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:194. [PMID: 25888952 PMCID: PMC4391138 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proliferative endarteritis is one of the key pathological mechanisms of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis, a cosmopolitan parasitosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis affecting dogs and cats around the world. It has been shown that the excretory/secretory antigens from D. immitis adult worms (DiES) bind plasminogen (PLG) and activate fibrinolysis, which can lead to a survival mechanism for the parasite in its intravascular environment. However, overproduction of plasmin (final product of the route) has been related to pathological processes similar to those described in proliferative endarteritis. The aim of this study is to relate the appearance of this pathological condition with the activation of the PLG/plasmin system of the host by DiES. Methods Cell proliferation through the crystal violet technique, cell migration by wound healing assay and degradation of the extracellular matrix by measuring collagen degradation and levels of matrix metalloproteinases were studied in an “in vitro” model using canine vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. These cells were treated with a mixture of DiES + PLG. Untreated cells, cells only stimulated with DiES or with PLG, or with a mixture of DiES + PLG + εACA (an inhibitor of the PLG-plasmin conversion) were employed as controls. In addition, the effect of DiES on the expression of the fibrinolytic activators tPA and uPA, the inhibitor PAI-1 and the PLG receptor Annexin A2 was analyzed in both types of cultures by western blot. Results Plasmin generated by DiES + PLG binding produced a significant increase in the cell proliferation and migration of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as an increase in the destruction of the extracellular matrix based on a further degradation of Type I Collagen and an increased level of matrix metalloproteinase-2. DiES also induce an increase in the expression of tPA and uPA in endothelial cells in culture, as well as a decrease in the expression of PAI-1 in both types of cells. Conclusions Our study reports an interrelationship between plasmin caused by fibrinolysis activation by metabolic products of D. immitis and the appearance of pathological events similar to those described in the emergence of proliferative endarteritis in the cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Elena Carretón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Engesland A, Skar M, Hansen T, Škalko-basnet N, Flaten GE. New Applications of Phospholipid Vesicle-Based Permeation Assay: Permeation Model Mimicking Skin Barrier. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1588-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Supportive development of functional tissues for biomedical research using the MINUSHEET® perfusion system. Clin Transl Med 2012; 1:22. [PMID: 23369669 PMCID: PMC3560978 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional tissues generated under in vitro conditions are urgently needed in biomedical research. However, the engineering of tissues is rather difficult, since their development is influenced by numerous parameters. In consequence, a versatile culture system was developed to respond the unmet needs. Optimal adhesion for cells in this system is reached by the selection of individual biomaterials. To protect cells during handling and culture, the biomaterial is mounted onto a MINUSHEET® tissue carrier. While adherence of cells takes place in the static environment of a 24 well culture plate, generation of tissues is accomplished in one of several available perfusion culture containers. In the basic version a continuous flow of always fresh culture medium is provided to the developing tissue. In a gradient perfusion culture container epithelia are exposed to different fluids at the luminal and basal sides. Another special container with a transparent lid and base enables microscopic visualization of ongoing tissue development. A further container exhibits a flexible silicone lid to apply force onto the developing tissue thereby mimicking mechanical load that is required for developing connective and muscular tissue. Finally, stem/progenitor cells are kept at the interface of an artificial polyester interstitium within a perfusion culture container offering for example an optimal environment for the spatial development of renal tubules. The system presented here was evaluated by various research groups. As a result a variety of publications including most interesting applications were published. In the present paper these data were reviewed and analyzed. All of the results point out that the cell biological profile of engineered tissues can be strongly improved, when the introduced perfusion culture technique is applied in combination with specific biomaterials supporting primary adhesion of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Zoonotic infections caused by Streptococcus spp. have been neglected in spite of the fact that frequency and severity of outbreaks increased dramatically in recent years. This may be due to non-identification since respective species are often not considered in human medical diagnostic procedures. On the other hand, an expanding human population concomitant with an increasing demand for food and the increased number of companion animals favour conditions for host species adaptation of animal streptococci. This review aims to give an overview on streptococcal zoonoses with focus on epidemiology and pathogenicity of four major zoonotic species, Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus equi sub. zooepidemicus, Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus suis.
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Minuth WW, Denk L, Glashauser A. A modular culture system for the generation of multiple specialized tissues. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2945-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bertl K, An N, Bruckmann C, Dard M, Andrukhov O, Matejka M, Rausch-Fan X. Effects of enamel matrix derivative on proliferation/viability, migration, and expression of angiogenic factor and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells in vitro. J Periodontol 2010; 80:1622-30. [PMID: 19792852 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test in vitro the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the proliferation/viability, migration, and expression of angiogenic factor and adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To date, discussions on angiogenic effects of EMD are rather controversial. METHODS The effect of EMD on the proliferation/viability of HUVECs after 24 hours was measured using 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and direct cell counting. Cell migration was observed in an especially adapted in vitro monolayer wound-healing model. The expression of angiogenic factor angiopoietin-2 (ang-2) and adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular endothelium-selectin (E-selectin) was quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The proliferation/viability of HUVECs measured in MTT assay was stimulated by 0.1 microg/ml EMD and inhibited by higher doses (50 to 100 microg/ml), but the total number of cells was not affected. Cell migration in the wound-healing assay was promoted by EMD at doses of 0.1 to 50 microg/ml and inhibited at 100 microg/ml. The highest expression level of all three tested genes (ICAM-1, E-selectin, and ang-2) was observed at 50 microg/ml EMD. CONCLUSION The results of the present in vitro study show the potential influence of EMD on the angiogenic activity of HUVECs, which may play an important role in periodontal tissue regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria
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